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Kang CY, Yu HW, Guo RF, Tan JX, Jia YM. Genetic diversity of isolates of foodborne Listeria monocytogenes by RAPD-PCR. ANN MICROBIOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-015-1186-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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2
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Keeratipibul S, Techaruwichit P. Tracking sources of Listeria contamination in a cooked chicken meat factory by PCR-RAPD-based DNA fingerprinting. Food Control 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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3
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Houhoula DP, Peirasmaki D, Konteles SJ, Kizis D, Koussissis S, Bratacos M, Poggas N, Charvalos E, Tsakris A, Papaparaskevas J. High level of heterogeneity among Listeria monocytogenes isolates from clinical and food origin specimens in Greece. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2012; 9:848-52. [PMID: 22880958 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2012.1187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to examine the genetic variation of clinical and food isolates of Listeria monocytogenes in Greece, a total of 61 L. monocytogenes non-duplicate isolates, recovered from clinical specimens (n=19) and food (n=42), were serotyped and genotyped using two different Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) protocols and Multiple Locus Variable Number Tandem Repeat Analysis (MLVA). Serotype group 4b, 4d, 4e prevailed (39.4%), among both clinical and food isolates, followed by serotype group 1/2a, 3a (23.0%), which nevertheless was detected only among food isolates. The most discriminatory typing protocol was MLVA, which grouped four isolates into two pairs, while the remaining isolates produced unique fingerprints. Similar results were obtained when taking into account the combination of the two RAPD protocols (Simpson index 0.999); six isolates were grouped into three pairs, two of which were the pairs that were identified also by MLVA. Single use of each RAPD protocol resulted in inferior discrimination (Simpson index 0.978 and 0.997, respectively). In conclusion, the two molecular procedures, MLVA, and the combined RAPD protocols, produced similar results, showing that L. monocytogenes isolates from clinical and food specimens were highly heterogenous and that clustering was very uncommon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra P Houhoula
- Department of Food Technology, Technological Educational Institute of Athens, Aigaleo, Greece
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4
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Park S, Jung J, Choi S, Oh Y, Lee J, Chae H, Ryu S, Jung H, Park G, Choi S, Kim B, Kim J, Zoo Chae Y, Jung B, Lee M, Kim H. Molecular Characterization of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Based on the PFGE and RAPD in Korea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/aim.2012.24079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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5
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Diverse geno- and phenotypes of persistent Listeria monocytogenes isolates from fermented meat sausage production facilities in Portugal. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:2701-15. [PMID: 21378045 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02553-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The persistence of Listeria monocytogenes in food-associated environments represents a key factor in transmission of this pathogen. To identify persistent and transient strains associated with production of fermented meat sausages in northern Portugal, 1,723 L. monocytogenes isolates from raw material and finished products from 11 processors were initially characterized by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD), PCR-based molecular serotyping, and epidemic clone characterization, as well as cadmium, arsenic, and tetracycline resistance typing. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing of 240 representative isolates provided evidence for persistence of L. monocytogenes for periods of time ranging from 10 to 32 months for all seven processors for which isolates from different production dates were available. Among 50 L. monocytogenes isolates that included one representative for each PFGE pattern obtained from a given sample, 12 isolates showed reduced invasion efficiency in Caco-2 cells, including 8 isolates with premature stop codons in inlA. Among 41 isolates representing sporadic and persistent PFGE types, 22 isolates represented lysogens. Neither strains with reduced invasion nor lysogens were overrepresented among persistent isolates. While the susceptibility of isolates to lysogenic phages also did not correlate with persistence, it appeared to be associated with molecular serotype. Our data show the following. (i) RAPD may not be suitable for analysis of large sets of L. monocytogenes isolates. (ii) While a large diversity of L. monocytogenes subtypes is found in Portuguese fermented meat sausages, persistence of L. monocytogenes in this food chain is common. (iii) Persistent L. monocytogenes strains are diverse and do not appear to be characterized by unique genetic or phenotypic characteristics.
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6
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Arnold JW. Colorimetric assay for biofilms in wet processing conditions. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 35:1475-80. [PMID: 18712536 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-008-0449-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Controlling bacterial biofilms is necessary for food safety and industrial processing in clean room environments. Our goal was to develop a method to quantitatively measure biofilm produced by pathogens under wet poultry production and processing conditions. Stainless steel and glass coupons were incubated in aqueous media containing reduced nutrients and exposed to Listeria monocytogenes under static temperature and humidity conditions. Samples were measured separately by biofilm assay and viable cell density, and then confirmed by spectrophotometry and microscopy. The biofilm assay resulted in different t groupings from the cell density. The mean from the biofilm assay was 0.50, and the error% was 0.595. The mean of the log10 density (cfu/cm2) was 5.90, and the standard deviation ranged from 0.127 to 0.438 on 24 coupons. The typical sequence of biofilm development, followed by microscopy of biofilm grown on glass coupons, exhibited a change from dispersed single cells to an all-over pattern of clumps with few dispersed cells. L. monocytogenes formed biofilms on all of the substrata tested. Bacterial counts from planktonic cultures at 24, 48, 72, and 144 h confirmed that L. monocytogenes remained viable throughout the experiment and reached equilibrium between 6 and 24 h. The cell density log10/ml was 8.01, 8.03, 7.69, and 6.66, respectively; and the standard deviation ranged from 0.156 to 0.394. The data will be used to grow stable biofilms of Listeria spp. collected from the food processing environment for further study. This is the first use of the crystal violet assay for measurement of bacterial biofilms on stainless steel under these conditions. The methods tested are applicable to other bacteria and substrata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy W Arnold
- USDA-ARS, Russell Research Center, 950 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
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7
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Levin RE. Plesiomonas shigelloides- An Aquatic Food Borne Pathogen: A Review of its Characteristics, Pathogenicity, Ecology, and Molecular Detection. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/08905430802043339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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8
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Chambel L, Sol M, Fernandes I, Barbosa M, Zilhão I, Barata B, Jordan S, Perni S, Shama G, Adrião A, Faleiro L, Requena T, Peláez C, Andrew PW, Tenreiro R. Occurrence and persistence of Listeria spp. in the environment of ewe and cow's milk cheese dairies in Portugal unveiled by an integrated analysis of identification, typing and spatial–temporal mapping along production cycle. Int J Food Microbiol 2007; 116:52-63. [PMID: 17337311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2006] [Revised: 11/23/2006] [Accepted: 12/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Eight dairies, located in two distant geographic regions of Portugal, were screened along the production cycle in order to evaluate the presence and distribution of Listeria spp. in their environment. Three dairies in each region were positive for the presence of listeriae and 213 isolates were obtained. Based on an integrated analysis of RAPD fingerprints with three primers, molecular identification and genomic typing of isolates was performed followed by spatial and temporal mapping on dairy plants. The occurrence of Listeria species by region was noticeable different. Listeria monocytogenes prevailed in South Portugal dairies and L. innocua presented the highest occurrence in Azores, whereas L. seeligeri and L. ivanovii were detected in distinct regions. Dairies were at risk of contamination, from more than one source, whatever the stage in the production cycle and the surface materials used. For the three prevalent species, most of the genomic types were dairy and sampling time specific. Nonetheless, more than one type could be found in each dairy at a particular site and, in a few cases, even for different species. Some dairies also shared types, mainly for L. innocua and usually at the same stage of the production cycle. For L. monocytogenes, PCR serotyping was applied and 52% of genomic types were serotype 4b. An equal frequency of genomic types (24%) was found for serotypes 1/2b or 3b and 1/2a or 3a. The global pattern of types within a dairy is not constant, suggesting cycles of elimination and recontamination along the production cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lélia Chambel
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Centro de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Campus da FCUL, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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9
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Levin RE. Application of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) Analysis toListeriamonocytogenes: A Review of Methodology and Results. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/fbt-120026344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert E. Levin
- a Department of Food Science , Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts , USA
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Danin-Poleg Y, Cohen LA, Gancz H, Broza YY, Goldshmidt H, Malul E, Valinsky L, Lerner L, Broza M, Kashi Y. Vibrio cholerae strain typing and phylogeny study based on simple sequence repeats. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 45:736-46. [PMID: 17182751 PMCID: PMC1829105 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01895-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is the etiological agent of cholera. Its natural reservoir is the aquatic environment. To date, practical typing of V. cholerae is mainly serological and requires about 200 antisera. Simple sequence repeats (SSR), also termed VNTR (for variable number of tandem repeats), provide a source of high genomic polymorphism used in bacterial typing. Here we describe an SSR-based typing method that combines the variation in highly mutable SSR loci, with that of shorter, relatively more stable mononucleotide repeat (MNR) loci, for accurate and rapid typing of V. cholerae. In silico screening of the V. cholerae genome revealed thousands of perfect SSR tracts with an average frequency of one SSR every 152 bp. A panel of 32 V. cholerae strains, representing both clinical and environmental isolates, was tested for polymorphism in SSR loci. Two strategies were applied to identify SSR variation: polymorphism of SSR tracts longer than 12 bp (L-SSR) assessed by capillary fragment-size analysis and MNR polymorphism assessed by sequencing. The nine L-SSR loci tested were all polymorphic, displaying 2 to 13 alleles per locus. Sequence analysis of eight MNR-containing loci (MNR-multilocus sequence typing [MLST]) provided information on both variations in the MNR tract itself, and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in their flanking sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of the combined SSR data showed a clear discrimination between the clinical strains belonging to O1 and O139 serogroups, and the environmental isolates. Furthermore, discrimination between 27 strains of the 32 strains was achieved. SSR-based typing methods combining L-SSR and MNR-MLST were found to be efficient for V. cholerae typing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Danin-Poleg
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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11
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Huang YT, Chen SU, Wu MZ, Chen CY, Hsieh WS, Tsao BN, Horng CJ, Hsueh PR. Molecular evidence for vertical transmission of listeriosis, Taiwan. J Med Microbiol 2006; 55:1601-1603. [PMID: 17030924 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.46614-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The case is presented of a pregnant woman at the 31st week of gestation with Listeria monocytogenes bacteraemia and microabscess formation in the endometrium, who delivered an infant with disseminated infection (meningitis and bacteraemia). The two patients were successfully treated with intravenous ampicillin and gentamicin. Molecular typing using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis disclosed that three isolates from the mother (blood) and infant (blood and cerebrospinal fluid) had identical RAPD profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tsung Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
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12
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Lu S, Liu B, Cao J, Zhou B, Levin RE. Incidence and Enumeration ofVibrio parahaemolyticusin Shellfish from Two Retail Sources and the Genetic Diversity of Isolates as Determined by RAPD-PCR Analysis. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/08905430600709644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Cao J, Clarke M, Witkowsky R, Lu H, Sayedahaman A, Levin RE, McLandsborough LA. Concentrations and tracking of listeria monocytogenes strains in a seafood-processing environment using a most-probable-number enrichment procedure and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. J Food Prot 2006; 69:489-94. [PMID: 16541676 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-69.3.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Concentrations of environmental microflora and Listeria monocytogenes were monitored at multiple environmental locations within a seafood-processing facility over the course of 6 months. Concentrations of L. monocytogenes were determined using a most-probable-number (MPN) enrichment procedure. Two floor drains had persistent low concentrations of L. monocytogenes (0.03 to >1,100 MPN/cm2). In comparison, concentrations of the other organisms in the drain were much higher (heterotrophic plate count range of 10(5) to 10(8) CFU/cm2). Concentrations of environmental organisms (heterotrophic aerobic plate counts and counts of pseudomonads, Shewanella spp., Aeromonas hydrophila, and coliforms) were not correlated with concentrations of L. monocytogenes. The 178 confirmed L. monocytogenes isolates from the MPN procedure were further characterized by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. Sixteen different banding patterns were identified, and nine of the patterns were identified from samples collected on two or more collection dates. From all locations, banding type A was observed in 98 confirmed isolates (55%). Although present, L. monocytogenes was a relatively minor component in the ecosystem of the floor drains in this seafood-processing facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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14
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Seppola M, Olsen RE, Sandaker E, Kanapathippillai P, Holzapfel W, Ringø E. Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) typing of carnobacteria isolated from hindgut chamber and large intestine of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua l.). Syst Appl Microbiol 2006; 29:131-7. [PMID: 16464694 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2005.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Autochthonous and allochthonous bacteria were isolated from hindgut chamber and large intestine of fed and starved Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.). All bacterial strains isolated from hindgut chamber belong to carnobacteria. However, only 10.2% of the bacteria strains from the large intestine belong to carnobacteria. Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis using three selective primers, was performed to further identify the carnobacteria strains. Nine of these were isolated from hindgut chamber contents, ten associated with epithelial cells of the hindgut chamber, and six isolated from the large intestines of fed and starved fish. The 25 isolates segregated into eight clusters. The major cluster comprised nine strains isolated from the hindgut chamber of both fed and starved fish showing low similarity with the reference strains. The other strains isolated from the hindgut were located in clusters showing high similarity with Carnobacterium gallinarum or Carnobacterium piscicola. Strains isolated from large intestine appeared more divergent and were located in five different clusters. Autochthonous (indigenous) bacteria were clearly demonstrated in the hindgut chamber as transmission electron microscopy revealed rod-shaped bacteria between adjacent microvilli. Endocytosis of bacteria by epithelial cells was observed in the hindgut chamber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Seppola
- Norwegian Institute of Fisheries and Aquaculture, N-9291 Tromsø, Norway
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15
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Gu W, Gonzalez-Rey C, Krovacek K, Levin RE. Genetic Variability Among Isolates ofPlesiomonas shigelloidesfrom Fish, Human Clinical Sources and Fresh Water, Determined by RAPD Typing. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/08905430500522030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Cao J, Cronin C, McLandsborough L, Levin RE. Effects of Primers andTaqPolymerase on Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis for TypingListeria monocytogenesFrom the Environment of a Shrimp Processing Plant. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/08905430500316458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Somer L, Danin-Poleg Y, Diamant E, Gur-Arie R, Palti Y, Kashi Y. Amplified intergenic locus polymorphism as a basis for bacterial typing of Listeria spp. and Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:3144-52. [PMID: 15933014 PMCID: PMC1151823 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.6.3144-3152.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA-based methods are increasingly important for bacterial typing. The high number of polymorphic sites present among closely related bacterial genomes is the basis for the presented method. The method identifies multilocus genomic polymorphisms in intergenic regions termed AILP (amplified intergenic locus polymorphism). For each locus, a pair of unique PCR primers was designed to amplify an intergenic sequence from one open reading frame (ORF) to the adjacent ORF. Presence, absence, and size variation of the amplification products were identified and used as genetic markers for rapidly differentiating among strains. Polymorphism was evaluated using 18 AILP sites among 28 strains of Listeria monocytogenes and 6 strains of Listeria spp. and 30 AILP markers among 27 strains of Escherichia coli. Up to four alleles per locus were identified among Listeria strains, and up to six were identified among E. coli strains. In both species, more than half of the AILP sites revealed intraspecies polymorphism. The AILP data were applied to phylogenetic analysis among Listeria and E. coli strains. A clear distinction between L. monocytogenes and Listeria spp. was demonstrated. In addition, the method separated L. monocytogenes into the three known lineages and discriminated the most common virulent serotypic group, 4b. In E. coli, AILP analysis separated the known groups as well as the virulent O157:H7 isolates. These findings for both Listeria and E. coli are in agreement with other phylogenetic studies using molecular markers. The AILP method was found to be rapid, simple, reproducible, and a low-cost method for initial bacterial typing that could serve as a basis for epidemiological investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilach Somer
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion--Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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Cao J, Witkowski R, Lu H, Abolmaaaty A, Lu S, Levin R. Detection, Enumeration, and RAPD Analysis ofListeria monocytogenesIsolates in Fish Derived fromRetail Outlets in WesternMassachusetts. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2005. [DOI: 10.1081/fbt-200063463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Gasanov U, Hughes D, Hansbro PM. Methods for the isolation and identification of Listeria spp. and Listeria monocytogenes: a review. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2004; 29:851-75. [PMID: 16219509 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsre.2004.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2004] [Revised: 10/07/2004] [Accepted: 12/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an important food-borne pathogen and is widely tested for in food, environmental and clinical samples. Identification traditionally involved culture methods based on selective enrichment and plating followed by the characterization of Listeria spp. based on colony morphology, sugar fermentation and haemolytic properties. These methods are the gold standard; but they are lengthy and may not be suitable for testing of foods with short shelf lives. As a result more rapid tests were developed based on antibodies (ELISA) or molecular techniques (PCR or DNA hybridization). While these tests possess equal sensitivity, they are rapid and allow testing to be completed within 48 h. More recently, molecular methods were developed that target RNA rather than DNA, such as RT-PCR, real time PCR or nucleic acid based sequence amplification (NASBA). These tests not only provide a measure of cell viability but they can also be used for quantitative analysis. In addition, a variety of tests are available for sub-species characterization, which are particularly useful in epidemiological investigations. Early typing methods differentiated isolates based on phenotypic markers, such as multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, phage typing and serotyping. These phenotypic typing methods are being replaced by molecular tests, which reflect genetic relationships between isolates and are more accurate. These new methods are currently mainly used in research but their considerable potential for routine testing in the future cannot be overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uta Gasanov
- Immunology and Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, Australia; Vaccines, Immunology/Infection, Viruses and Asthma Group, The Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
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Zhou X, Jiao X. Investigation of Listeria monocytogenes contamination pattern in local Chinese food market and the tracing of two clinical isolates by RAPD analysis. Food Microbiol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2004.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Lukinmaa S, Aarnisalo K, Suihko ML, Siitonen A. Diversity of Listeria monocytogenes isolates of human and food origin studied by serotyping, automated ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Clin Microbiol Infect 2004; 10:562-8. [PMID: 15191386 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2004.00876.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Automated ribotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and serotyping were evaluated for the epidemiological study of isolates of Listeria monocytogenes collected in Finland in 1997-1999 from human blood (n = 116) and the food industry (n = 72). The isolates divided into six serotypes, 23 EcoRI ribotypes, 54 AscI PFGE types, and 57 final subtypes if all results were combined. The discrimination index of ribotyping was lower (0.873) than that of PFGE (0.946). Two final subtypes dominated among human isolates, and identical subtypes were also found among food industry isolates. All PFGE types were serotype-specific, whereas two ribotypes included isolates of two serotypes. Isolates of serotype 3a, involved in an outbreak in Finland in 1999, matched one of these ribotypes, which also included some food industry isolates of serotype 1/2a. Ribotyping with EcoRI would not have been sufficient to define the outbreak in Finland caused by serotype 3a isolates. Although ribotyping is applicable as the first method in outbreak situations, human and food isolates with identical ribotypes should be investigated further by PFGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lukinmaa
- Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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22
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Jersek B. Molecular typing of Listeria monocytogenes. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2002; 49:81-92. [PMID: 12073828 DOI: 10.1556/amicr.49.2002.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Jersek
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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23
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Mereghetti L, Lanotte P, Savoye-Marczuk V, Marquet-Van Der Mee N, Audurier A, Quentin R. Combined ribotyping and random multiprimer DNA analysis to probe the population structure of Listeria monocytogenes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2002; 68:2849-57. [PMID: 12039742 PMCID: PMC123947 DOI: 10.1128/aem.68.6.2849-2857.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve our understanding of the genetic links between strains originating from food and strains responsible for human diseases, we studied the genetic diversity and population structure of 130 epidemiologically unrelated Listeria monocytogenes strains. Strains were isolated from different sources and ecosystems in which the bacterium is commonly found. We used rRNA gene restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis with two endonucleases and random multiprimer DNA analysis with seven oligonucleotide primers to study multiple genetic features of each strain. We used three clustering methods to identify genetic links between individual strains and to determine the precise genetic structure of the population. The combined results confirmed that L. monocytogenes strains can be divided into two major phylogenetic divisions. The method used allowed us to demonstrate that the genetic structure and diversity of the two phylogenetic divisions differ. Division I is the most homogeneous and can easily be divided into subgroups with dissimilarity distances of less than 0.30. Each of these subgroups mainly, or exclusively, contains a single serotype (1/2b, 4b, 3b, or 4a). The serotype 4a lineage appears to form a branch that is highly divergent from the phylogenetic group containing serotypes 1/2b, 4b, and 3b. Division II contains strains of serotypes 1/2a, 1/2c, and 3a. It exhibits more genetic diversity with no peculiar clustering. The fact that division II is more heterogeneous than division I suggests that division II evolved from a common ancestor earlier than division I. A significant association was found between division I and human strains, suggesting that strains from division I are better adapted to human hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mereghetti
- Département de Microbiologie Médicale et Moléculaire, Unité de Bactériologie, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Tours, France.
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Sikorski J, Teschner N, Wackernagel W. Highly different levels of natural transformation are associated with genomic subgroups within a local population of Pseudomonas stutzeri from soil. Appl Environ Microbiol 2002; 68:865-73. [PMID: 11823230 PMCID: PMC126724 DOI: 10.1128/aem.68.2.865-873.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly sensitive and specific PCR-based method of monitoring 16S rRNA genes of Pseudomonas stutzeri was developed for searching P. stutzeri DNA in environmental samples. This monitoring was combined with a reliable and sensitive method for isolating P. stutzeri colony formers from soil and sediment, depending on their utilization of ethylene glycol, starch, and maltose. With these techniques, P. stutzeri populations (n = 2 to 170) were obtained from five of six sites giving positive PCR signals (including three marine sediment and two soil samples). The phylogenetic positions of isolates from the five sites, based on their 16S ribosomal DNA sequences, indicated that the environmental isolates were affiliated with different genomovars of P. stutzeri. Using the broad-host-range plasmid pNS1 with kanamycin and gentamicin resistance determinants as the transforming DNA, naturally transformable strains were identified among the isolates from all sites. For one population from soil, the genetic relationship of the 120 members was determined by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR with three PCR primers. Among the population members which are taxonomically closely related as determined by 16S sequence comparisons of group representatives, a rather high genetic diversity and a characteristic clustering into subgroups were found. Remarkably, within the population, nontransformability and different levels of transformability (a frequency between about 10(-9) and 10(-4) per cell) were often associated with distinct genetic subgroups. It is concluded that transformability is widespread among environmental P. stutzeri strains and that its specific level is a heritable trait that may vary strongly within a local population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Sikorski
- Genetics Section, Department of Biology, University of Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
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25
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Inoue S, Katagiri K, Terao M, Maruyama T. RAPD- and actA gene-typing of Listeria monocytogenes isolates of human listeriosis, the intestinal contents of cows and beef. Microbiol Immunol 2001; 45:127-33. [PMID: 11293478 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2001.tb01280.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Seventy-five L. monocytogenes isolates of human listeriosis, the intestinal contents of cows and beef were divided into 5 major clusters, 17 sub-clusters and 28 minor clusters by typing using random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD). According to their major RAPD category, L. monocytogenes isolates serotyped as 1/2b and 4b were distinguished from L. monocytogenes isolates of serovars 1/2a and 1/2c. Moreover serovar 4b was distinguished from serovar 1/2b by a difference in the RAPD sub-cluster category. All L. monocytogenes were found to possess either actA gene Type I or II, and only one actA gene type was detected in each RAPD minor cluster. actA gene Type II was observed in 32.0%, 38.5% and 18.9% of isolates from humans, cows and beef, respectively, and was detected more frequently in serovar 4b (46.9%) than in serovars 1/2a (22.2%), 1/2b (7.7%) and 1/2c (0.0%). Twenty (80%) of 25 human isolates fell within three minor RAPD types (II-d (16%), V-p-1 (36%), V-p-2 (28%)). Two isolates from humans and beef were found to have the same RAPD type (Type IV-k-1), actA gene type (Type I) and serovar (1/2b). Our results suggest that only a few genotypes of L. monocytogenes are predominant in human listeriosis in Japan, although the human isolates were collected over a broad span of time and a wide geographical range. Our results also suggest that RAPD-, actA gene- and sero-typing can be useful for epidemiological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Inoue
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
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26
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Bagsic-Opulencia RD, Hayward AC, Fegan M. Use of ribotyping and random amplified polymorphic DNA to differentiate isolates of Burkholderia andropogonis. J Appl Microbiol 2001; 91:686-96. [PMID: 11576306 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01418.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to determine the genetic diversity among isolates of Burkholderia andropogonis from various host plant species and geographic locations. METHODS AND RESULTS Both random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and ribotyping analyses were used to assess the diversity of B. andropogonis isolates and compare these results with pathogenicity assays carried out on a number of common hosts of the organism. CONCLUSIONS Both RAPD and ribotyping analyses revealed a high level of genetic diversity between isolates of B. andropogonis. Both methods demonstrated a similar clustering of isolates. However, there was no strict correlation between the genetic diversity revealed and the original host, geographic location or pathogenicity of the isolates. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first report on the genetic diversity of isolates of B. andropogonis. The great degree of diversity revealed in this study contrasts with the lack of phenotypic diversity within this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Bagsic-Opulencia
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology and the Cooperative Research Centre for Tropical Plant Protection, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld, Australia
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27
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Byun SK, Jung SC, Yoo HS. Random amplification of polymorphic DNA typing of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from meat. Int J Food Microbiol 2001; 69:227-35. [PMID: 11603860 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1605(01)00504-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from imported or domestic meats, L. monocytogenes was isolated and identified through biochemical and serological tests, and epidemiological analysis of the isolates was carried out through the random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method. Fifty-four isolates were identified as L. monocytogenes through biochemical tests, of which 36 (67%) were confirmed as serotype 1, and 18 (33%) were serotype 4, through the microagglutination test. In the molecular epidemiological analysis using RAPD method, the isolates could be classified into 10, 6 and 6 types using three random primers, PB1, PB4, and HLWL74, respectively. Forty composite profiles were identified by a combination of the three primers. RAPD analysis demonstrated the relationships between the isolates from beef from Korea and the USA, pork from Korea and Denmark. These results suggested that RAPD could be a useful typing tool for the epidemiological study of L. monocytogenes and other bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Byun
- National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang, Kyunggi, South Korea
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28
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Medeiros D, Farber JM. A single-step polymerase chain reaction for combined gene detection and epidemiological typing of Listeria monocytogenes. Food Microbiol 2001. [DOI: 10.1006/fmic.2001.0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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29
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Vogel BF, Jørgensen LV, Ojeniyi B, Huss HH, Gram L. Diversity of Listeria monocytogenes isolates from cold-smoked salmon produced in different smokehouses as assessed by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA analyses. Int J Food Microbiol 2001; 65:83-92. [PMID: 11322704 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1605(00)00503-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
One hundred and forty-eight Listeria monocytogenes isolates originating from vacuum packed cold-smoked salmon produced in 10 different Danish smokehouses were compared by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiling. A total of 16 different reproducible RAPD profiles were obtained using a standardised RAPD analysis by four primers separately. The grouping of the 148 strains was exactly the same for the four primers used. For a sub-set of 20 strains typed by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), only one strain was allocated into a different group as compared to the grouping by RAPD typing. Different RAPD types dominated in products from different smokehouses. Some identical RAPD types were isolated in several smokehouses. In each of four smokehouses, one particular RAPD type could be repeatedly isolated from products. Each smokehouse/product carried its own specific RAPD type and this may indicate a possible persistence of closely related strains of L. monocytogenes in smokehouses.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Vogel
- Department of Seafood Research, Danish Institute for Fisheries Research, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby.
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30
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Sikorski J, Jahr H, Wackernagel W. The structure of a local population of phytopathogenic Pseudomonas brassicacearum from agricultural soil indicates development under purifying selection pressure. Environ Microbiol 2001; 3:176-86. [PMID: 11321534 DOI: 10.1046/j.1462-2920.2001.00174.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Among the isolates of a bacterial community from a soil sample taken from an agricultural plot in northern Germany, a population consisting of 119 strains was obtained that was identified by 16S rDNA sequencing and genomic fingerprinting as belonging to the recently described species Pseudomonas brassicacearum. Analysis of the population structure by allozyme electrophoresis (11 loci) and random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR; four primers) showed higher resolution with the latter method. Both methods indicated the presence of three lineages, one of which dominated strongly. Stochastic tests derived from the neutral theory of evolution (including Slatkin's exact test, Watterson's homozygosity test and the Tajima test) indicated that the population had developed under strong purifying selection pressure. The presence of strains clearly divergent from the majority of the population can be explained by in situ evolution or by influx of strains as a result of migration or both. Phytopathogenicity of a P. brassicacearum strain determined with tomato plants reached the level obtained with the type strain of the known pathogen Pseudomonas corrugata. The results show that a selective sweep was identified in a local population. Previously, a local selective sweep had not been seen in several populations of different bacterial species from a variety of environmental habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sikorski
- Genetik, Fachbereich Biologie, University of Oldenburg, Germany
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31
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Gravesen A, Jacobsen T, Møller P, Hansen F, Larsen A, Knøchel S. Genotyping of Listeria monocytogenes: comparison of RAPD, ITS, and PFGE. Int J Food Microbiol 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1605(00)00234-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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32
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Tkáciková L, Kantíková M, Dmitriev A, Mikula I. Use of the molecular typing methods to evaluate the control of Listeria monocytogenes contamination in a raw milk and dairy products. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2000; 45:157-60. [PMID: 11271825 DOI: 10.1007/bf02817416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nineteen serogroup 1/2a Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from raw milk, dairy products and salt water in one dairy were analyzed. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and ribotyping were used to determine whether these strains isolated over a 8-month period are epidemiologically related. The samples of raw milk were contaminated by different L. monocytogenes clones. The clones isolated from dairy products (with the exception of one sample) and salt water were identical. Comparative genetic analysis of the clones isolated from raw milk, salt water and dairy products revealed the source of contamination and identified the L. monocytogenes strain involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tkáciková
- University of Veterinary Medicine, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
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33
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Giovannacci I, Ragimbeau C, Queguiner S, Salvat G, Vendeuvre JL, Carlier V, Ermel G. Listeria monocytogenes in pork slaughtering and cutting plants. Use of RAPD, PFGE and PCR-REA for tracing and molecular epidemiology. Int J Food Microbiol 1999; 53:127-40. [PMID: 10634704 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1605(99)00141-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In order to determine the origin of pork cuts contamination by Listeria monocytogenes, 287 isolates, collected from five French pork slaughtering and cutting plants, from live pigs to pork cuts, were characterised using three molecular typing methods: random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) carried out with five different primers, genomic macrorestriction using ApaI with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and a PCR-restriction enzyme analysis (PCR-REA) based on the polymorphism existing within the inlA and inlB genes. Results obtained from RAPD and PFGE were closely related and distinguished respectively 17 RAPD types (r1-r17) and 17 PFGE types (a1-a17) among the 287 isolates, whereas the PCR-REA analysis only yielded two profiles (p1 and p2). Considering the combined results obtained with the three molecular typing methods, 19 Listeria monocytogenes genotypes (1-19) were distinguished. Serotyping led at least four serotypes being distinguished: 1/2a, 3a, 1/2c and 3c. The application of genotyping identified the predominance of a Listeria monocytogenes strain of type (1) and other very closely related ones (5, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16 and 19) which were present on pork as well as in the environment within the five investigated plants. This study also pointed out the presence of these closely related Listeria monocytogenes strains over a 1-year period in the environments of two plants, even after cleaning and disinfection procedures. This highlights the possibility for some Listeria monocytogenes strains to persist in pork processing environments and raises the problem of the efficiency of cleaning and disinfection procedures used in pork slaughterhouses, chilling and cutting rooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Giovannacci
- Centre Technique de la Salaison, de la Charcuterie et Conserves de Viandes, Maisons-Alfort, France
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34
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Allerberger F, Fritschel SJ. Use of automated ribotyping of Austrian Listeria monocytogenes isolates to support epidemiological typing. J Microbiol Methods 1999; 35:237-44. [PMID: 10333075 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7012(99)00025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We used automated ribotyping on the RiboPrinter Microbial Characterization System to study the epidemiology of listeriosis in western Austria over the period 1988-1996. Thirty-six isolates containing three serotypes were included in this collection. Each of the 16 ribotype groupings (RiboGroups) produced in this study contained a single serotype. Isolates collected from within a single food factory environment all grouped into unique RiboGroups. One factory contained isolates showing two unique RiboGroups, both of which were also seen in patient isolates. This same set of Listeria isolates has previously been studied by automated laser fluorescence analysis of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD-Alfa). The data produced by the RiboPrinter system correlated well with the epidemiological information, better than the results achieved with RAPD-Alfa. The RiboPrinter system provides a rapid, easy, and useful method for the typing of Listeria monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Allerberger
- National Listeria Reference Laboratory, Bundesstaatliche bakt.-serol. Untersuchungsanstalt, Innsbruck, Austria
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35
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Jacquet C, Thierry D, Veit P, Guesdon JL, Rocourt J. Evaluation of an rDNAListeriaprobe forListeria monocytogenestyping. APMIS 1999. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1999.tb01451.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Jersek B, Gilot P, Gubina M, Klun N, Mehle J, Tcherneva E, Rijpens N, Herman L. Typing of Listeria monocytogenes strains by repetitive element sequence-based PCR. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37:103-9. [PMID: 9854072 PMCID: PMC84179 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.37.1.103-109.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes strains possess short repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) elements and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) sequences. We used repetitive element sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) to evaluate the potential of REP and ERIC elements for typing L. monocytogenes strains isolated from humans, animals, and foods. On the basis of rep-PCR fingerprints, L. monocytogenes strains were divided into four major clusters matching origin of isolation. rep-PCR fingerprints of human and animal isolates were different from those of food isolates. Computer evaluation of rep-PCR fingerprints allowed discrimination among the tested serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, 3b, and 4b within each major cluster. The index of discrimination calculated for 52 epidemiologically unrelated isolates of L. monocytogenes was 0.98 for REP- and ERIC-PCR. Our results suggest that rep-PCR can provide an alternative method for L. monocytogenes typing.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jersek
- Centre of Agricultural Research, Department of Animal Product Quality (DVK), B-9090 Melle, Belgium.
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37
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Kiss I, Matiz K, Kaszanyitzky E, Chávez Y, Johansson KE. Detection and identification of avian mycoplasmas by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Vet Microbiol 1997; 58:23-30. [PMID: 9451458 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1135(97)81568-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers complementary to the 16S rRNA genes was used to detect avian mycoplasmas. A primer pair designed for the detection of human and rodent mycoplasmal species was examined for its ability to detect the most important avian mycoplasmas. After testing the respective reference strains, we found that Mycoplasma iowae, Mycoplasma meleagridis and Mycoplasma synoviae could be detected by PCR with this primer pair, and distinction could be made among them by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay with two restriction enzymes (BamHI and RsaI). For the detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum by PCR, we needed species-specific primers. The results of the PCR- and RFLP, based identification procedures of 17 different field isolates agreed with those obtained by conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kiss
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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38
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Allerberger F, Dierich MP, Grundmann H, Hartung D, Bannerman E, Bille J. Typing of Austrian Listeria monocytogenes isolates by automated laser fluorescence analysis of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA. ZENTRALBLATT FUR BAKTERIOLOGIE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 1997; 286:33-40. [PMID: 9241798 DOI: 10.1016/s0934-8840(97)80072-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We used automated laser fluorescence analysis of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD-Alfa) to study the epidemiology of listeriosis in western Austria. There were no discrepancies between RAPD-Alfa patterns and serotypes found in 18 food isolates and 18 clinical isolates. The results of our study suggest that the food isolates typed were not at the origin of the human cases in western Austria. Using RAPD-Alfa, it was possible to link 9 out of 16 "sporadic" Listeria infections (mother-child cases counted as one) to the occurrence of other cases. Our results underline the necessity of epidemiological clarification of listeriosis cases as a prerequisite for specific preventive measures by public health services (e.g. confiscation of contaminated food products, issue of public warnings). To establish the chain of infection, more is needed than just speciation of bacteria in incriminated food products. Automated laser fluorescence analysis of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA seems a suitable, easy and rapid method for the typing of Listeria monocytogenes strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Allerberger
- National Listeria Reference Laboratory, Bundesstaatliche bakt.-serol. Untersuchungsanstalt, Innsbruck, Austria
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39
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Boerlin P, Boerlin-Petzold F, Bannerman E, Bille J, Jemmi T. Typing Listeria monocytogenes isolates from fish products and human listeriosis cases. Appl Environ Microbiol 1997; 63:1338-43. [PMID: 9097430 PMCID: PMC168427 DOI: 10.1128/aem.63.4.1338-1343.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Seventy-two Listeria monocytogenes isolates originating from 10 different fish products of 12 producers and 47 isolates from human listeriosis cases were typed by serotyping and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. Seventy-five of these isolates were further subtyped by restriction analysis of genomic DNA with the enzyme XhoI and by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis using the enzymes ApaI and SmaI. The results show that several L. monocytogenes clones identified by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis are frequently found in fish products of different origins. One of these clones is the same as another previously shown to be frequently associated with meat and meat products. The epidemic-associated electrophoretic type 1 was only rarely found in fish products. No association was found between any type of fish product and a particular lineage of L. monocytogenes. Both long-term persistence of a strain and simultaneous presence of several clearly distinct strains in the products of single producers were observed. The comparison of L. monocytogenes isolates from human clinical listeriosis cases in Switzerland and those from imported fish products by use of multilocus enzyme electrophoresis showed that they do not form two clearly distinct lineages but nevertheless belong to two separate populations. None of the 48 subtypes distinguished by the combination of all four typing methods could be found in both populations of human origin and those of fish origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Boerlin
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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40
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41
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Wernars K, Boerlin P, Audurier A, Russell EG, Curtis GD, Herman L, van der Mee-Marquet N. The WHO multicenter study on Listeria monocytogenes subtyping: random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Int J Food Microbiol 1996; 32:325-41. [PMID: 8913804 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1605(96)01146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
As part of a WHO multicenter study on Listeria monocytogenes subtyping methods the random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-technique was evaluated. Six participants were asked to use a standard protocol to analyse a set of 80 L. monocytogenes strains. This set contained 22 groups of epidemiologically linked isolates and 11 pairs of duplicate strains. Using three different 10-mer primers the median reproducibility of the RAPD-results obtained by the six participants was 86.5% (range 0-100%). Failure in reproducibility was mainly due to results obtained with one particular primer. The number of epidemiological groups found to be homogeneous varied from 1-22 (median 16). However, for some groups an inhomogeneity was found by the majority of participants. The overall correlation between the results from the different participants ranged from 32 to 85%.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wernars
- Microbiological Laboratory for Health Protection, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands.
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42
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Caugant DA, Ashton FE, Bibb WF, Boerlin P, Donachie W, Low C, Gilmour A, Harvey J, Nørrung B. Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis for characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolates: results of an international comparative study. Int J Food Microbiol 1996; 32:301-11. [PMID: 8913802 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1605(96)01144-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE) is a standard technique that is used to elucidate the epidemiology of a variety of bacterial species. Recently, the method has been employed by several laboratories for investigations of clinical and foodborne isolates of Listeria monocytogenes. To assess the sensitivity and reproducibility of MEE in characterising L. monocytogenes isolates for epidemiological purposes and, ultimately, to agree on a standard protocol, seven laboratories participated in a blinded study of 80 strains. The strain collection included both epidemiologically related and unrelated isolates. Each laboratory used its own protocol for MEE. The number of enzymes that were assayed by the laboratories ranged from 8 to 23, and the total number of identified electrophoretic types (ETs) varied between 14 and 25. Of the II pairs of duplicate strains, the number of pairs recognised as identical by the seven laboratories ranged from 3 to 10 (median = 8). From 10 to 18 (median = 15) of the 22 groups of epidemiological related strains were recognised as homogeneous by the different laboratories. The discriminatory power of the method, calculated using Simpson's index of diversity for 69 strains (80 strains minus the 11 duplicates), ranged from 0.827 to 0.925. This relatively low discriminatory power is a consequence of a somewhat low genetic diversity of L. monocytogenes compared to other bacterial species. Efforts should be pursued to standardise the method in order to improve the intra- and inter-laboratory reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Caugant
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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43
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Bannerman E, Boerlin P, Bille J. Typing of Listeria monocytogenes by monocin and phage receptors. Int J Food Microbiol 1996; 31:245-62. [PMID: 8880312 DOI: 10.1016/0168-1605(96)01003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
One hundred strains of Listeria monocytogenes from both sporadic and epidemic cases were typed by monocin production combined with phage receptor and reverse phage receptor methods. The monocin-phage combination gave 72 types with 100% typability and 97% reproducibility. The results were compared to those of serotyping, phage typing, ribotyping, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, restriction enzyme analysis and RAPD (random amplification of polymorphic DNA). The monocin/phage types were comparable in terms of discrimination with other methods for epidemiological investigations. The index of discrimination of using the monocin typing and phage receptor/reverse phage receptor method combination (0.99) for both the 87 epidemiologically unrelated strains and the epidemiologically important serogroup 4 strains was the highest of the seven different methods analysed. This combination of methods was simple, highly discriminatory and reproducible and can be carried out in a non-specialized laboratory. However, like most of the other Listeria typing methods, both the method and the indicator test strains need to be standardized.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bannerman
- Centre National de Référence des Listérias, WHO Collaborating Center for Foodborne Listeriosis, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
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44
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Gilot P, Genicot A, André P. Serotyping and esterase typing for analysis of Listeria monocytogenes populations recovered from foodstuffs and from human patients with listeriosis in Belgium. J Clin Microbiol 1996; 34:1007-10. [PMID: 8815071 PMCID: PMC228941 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.34.4.1007-1010.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated in Belgium from different foodstuffs and in sporadic cases of human listeriosis were analyzed. The distribution of serovars differed in each of these populations. The bacteria isolated from cheeses and from human patients with listeriosis were further studied by esterase typing. The twenty esterase patterns defined were not equally distributed in these two populations. The secretion of the virulence determinant phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C and the pathogenicity level of strains in immunocompromised mice could not explain the unequal distribution of esterase types. The discrimination index of esterase typing (DI = 0.868) was compared with that of serotyping (DI = 0.666) and with that of the two combined methods (DI = 0.899).
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gilot
- Belgian National Reference Centre for Listeriosis, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Brussels, Belgium
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Louie M, Jayaratne P, Luchsinger I, Devenish J, Yao J, Schlech W, Simor A. Comparison of ribotyping, arbitrarily primed PCR, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for molecular typing of Listeria monocytogenes. J Clin Microbiol 1996; 34:15-9. [PMID: 8748263 PMCID: PMC228720 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.34.1.15-19.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fifty-one clinical isolates of Listeria monocytogenes (15 isolates from two outbreaks and 36 epidemiologically unrelated isolates) were typed by conventional serotyping, ribotyping (RT), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR). Serotyping was unable to distinguish between related and unrelated strains of L. monocytogenes. Each of the three molecular methods showed excellent typeability and reproducibility. Restriction with EcoRI and PvuII gave 16 and 23 RT patterns, respectively. Restriction with ApaI or SmaI generated 22 and 26 PFGE profiles, respectively. ApaI profiles were easier to interpret, with 10 to 15 bands each, while SmaI profiles had 15 to 20 bands each. AP-PCR with two different primers yielded 29 and 31 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA patterns, respectively. Strains from the same outbreak shared concordant patterns by each of the three methods. Of the three techniques evaluated, RT was the least discriminating and could not distinguish between strains from the two outbreaks. The abilities of AP-PCR and PFGE to differentiate between strains were comparable. However, AP-PCR was more rapid and easier to perform. We conclude that the DNA profiles generated by either AP-PCR or PFGE can be used to differentiate outbreak strains from epidemiologically unrelated strains and to clearly identify unrelated strains as being distinct from one another. We recommend that at least two independent primers be used for AP-PCR typing in order to improve its discriminatory power.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Louie
- Department of Microbiology, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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