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Aguirreurreta Z, de la Cal JC, Leiza JR. Anionic Polymerizable Surfactants and Stabilizers in Emulsion Polymerization: A Comparative Study. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201600033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziortza Aguirreurreta
- POLYMAT and Kimika Aplikatua Saila; Kimika Zientzien Fakultatea; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa Tolosa Hiribidea 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| | - José C. de la Cal
- POLYMAT and Kimika Aplikatua Saila; Kimika Zientzien Fakultatea; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa Tolosa Hiribidea 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| | - Jose R. Leiza
- POLYMAT and Kimika Aplikatua Saila; Kimika Zientzien Fakultatea; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa Tolosa Hiribidea 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
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Mohamed A, Ardyani T, Bakar SA, Brown P, Hollamby M, Sagisaka M, Eastoe J. Graphene-philic surfactants for nanocomposites in latex technology. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 230:54-69. [PMID: 26888600 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Graphene is the newest member of the carbon family, and has revolutionized materials science especially in the field of polymer nanocomposites. However, agglomeration and uniform dispersion remains an Achilles' heel (even an elephant in the room), hampering the optimization of this material for practical applications. Chemical functionalization of graphene can overcome these hurdles but is often rather disruptive to the extended pi-conjugation, altering the desired physical and electronic properties. Employing surfactants as stabilizing agents in latex technology circumvents the need for chemical modification allowing for the formation of nanocomposites with retained graphene properties. This article reviews the recent progress in the use of surfactants and polymers to prepare graphene/polymer nanocomposites via latex technology. Of special interest here are surfactant structure-performance relationships, as well as background on the roles surfactant-graphene interactions for promoting stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azmi Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia; Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Tretya Ardyani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Suriani Abu Bakar
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Paul Brown
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Martin Hollamby
- School of Physical and Geographical Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Masanobu Sagisaka
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Julian Eastoe
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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3
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Zhang Y, Pan S, Ai S, Liu H, Wang H, He P. Semi-continuous emulsion copolymerization of vinyl acetate and butyl acrylate in presence of AMPS. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-013-0205-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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4
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Etmimi HM, Mallon PE, Sanderson RD. Polymer/graphite nanocomposites: Effect of reducing the functional groups of graphite oxide on water barrier properties. Eur Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Zhang J, Zhao Y, Dubay MR, Severtson SJ, Gwin LE, Houtman CJ. Surface Enrichment by Conventional and Polymerizable Sulfated Nonylphenol Ethoxylate Emulsifiers in Water-Based Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie401355b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jilin Zhang
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 2004 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul,
Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Yuxi Zhao
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 2004 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul,
Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Matthew R. Dubay
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 2004 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul,
Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Steven J. Severtson
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 2004 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul,
Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Larry E. Gwin
- Franklin International,
2020 Bruck Street, Columbus, Ohio 43207, United States
| | - Carl J. Houtman
- Forest Products Laboratory, USDA, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, Wisconsin
53726, United States
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The Emulsion Polymerization of Each of Vinyl Acetate and Butyl Acrylate Monomers Using bis (2-ethylhexyl) Maleate for Improving the Physicomechanical Properties of Paints and Adhesive Films. INT J POLYM SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.1155/2009/731971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving the water sensitivity of polyvinyl acetate PVAc films as well as pressure sensitivity, adhesion and washability of polybutyl acrylate were achieved by using bis (2-ethylhexyl) maleate (BEHM). The emulsion polymerization kinetics of vinyl acetate and butyl acrylate in presence of BEHM was studied. The order of the polymerization reaction with respect to the BEHM in presence of each of vinyl acetate and butyl acrylate was studied. The physicomechanical properties of the polyvinyl acetate films and vinyl acetate-butyl acrylate copolymer films were studied in presence of BEHM and the obtained results were matched with those prepared in the presence of pluronic F 108 and showed superior values. The obtained mean average molecular weights were found to be smaller in presence of BEHM assuring the presence of chain transfer reaction.
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald C. Sundberg
- a Polymer Research Group , University of New Hampshire , Durham , New Hampshire , 03824 , USA
| | - Yvon G. Durant
- b Advanced Polymer Laboratory , University of New Hampshire , Durham , New Hampshire , 03824 , USA
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Backfolk K, Andersson C, Peltonen J. Association between a sodium salt of a linear dodecylbenzene sulphonate and a non-ionic fatty alcohol ethoxylate surfactant during film formation of styrene/butadiene latex. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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Aramendia E, Barandiaran MJ, Grade J, Blease T, Asua JM. Improving water sensitivity in acrylic films using surfmers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:1428-1435. [PMID: 15697291 DOI: 10.1021/la047631h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The water sensitivity of films obtained from high solids content acrylic latexes was investigated, with special focus on the role of the surfactant used in the synthesis step. The performance of films obtained from latexes stabilized by nonionic surfmers was compared to that of the acrylic latexes stabilized with conventional nonionic and anionic surfactants. It was seen that the latexes stabilized with reactive surfactants exhibited a remarkably better resistance to both water permeability and water vapor permeability and therefore enlarged the durability of the films. Atomic force microscopy images suggested that the defects created by surfactant migration in the latexes stabilized with conventional surfactants promoted the permeation of water by capillarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Aramendia
- Institute for Polymer Materials (POLYMAT) and Grupo de Ingeniería Química, Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, The University of the Basque Country, Apdo. 1072, ES-20080 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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Butler LN, Fellows CM, Gilbert RG. Effect of surfactant systems on the water sensitivity of latex films. J Appl Polym Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/app.20150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Mathews RG, Donald AM. Conditions for imaging emulsions in the environmental scanning electron microscope. SCANNING 2002; 24:75-85. [PMID: 11998905 DOI: 10.1002/sca.4950240205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) is a technique capable of imaging volatile and/or insulating samples in their natural state, without prior specimen preparation. It is thus a powerful potential tool for the study of the structure and dynamics of emulsions and other complex liquid systems, at a resolution greater than that obtainable by conventional optical microscopy. We present images of a variety of liquid systems containing micron-scale and smaller features. The morphology of these systems may be clearly discerned. The contrast observed between the liquid phases was consistent with the model proposed by Stokes et al. (1998). The limits of resolution were determined by sample motion and by beam damage effects; under optimum conditions, resolution of a few tens of nanometers was obtained. This compares favourably with conventional and confocal optical microscopy. In some samples, thin films (solid or liquid) could be observed at the liquid/gas interface. Some of these films were so thin that they did not completely obscure the underlying structure of the bulk sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Mathews
- Polymers and Colloids Group, Department of Physics, Cambridge University, UK
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Igartua M, Saulnier P, Heurtault B, Pech B, Proust JE, Pedraz JL, Benoit JP. Development and characterization of solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with magnetite. Int J Pharm 2002; 233:149-57. [PMID: 11897419 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(01)00936-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the preparation of colloidal lipid particles containing magnetite from warm emulsions. A two step method was used to obtain the nanoparticles: (i) formulation of a transparent phase by heating a O/W emulsion (aqueous surfactant solution melted with a lipid phase, containing the ethyl oleate and soybean lecithin) in which modified lipophilic magnetite is incorporated, and (ii) preparation of the nanoparticles by dispersing the warm transparent phase in cold water (7 degrees C) under mechanical stirring. The latter method gives spherical nanoparticles of a mean size of 62 nm measured by Photon Correlation Spectroscopy and Transmission Electronic Microscopy. The magnetite entrapment efficiency was determined by use of a magnetophoretic sedimentation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Igartua
- Laboratory of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Paseo de la Universidad no. 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Belaroui F, Grohens Y, Boyer H, Holl Y. Depth profiling of small molecules in dry latex films by confocal Raman spectroscopy. POLYMER 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(00)00145-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Steward PA, Hearn J, Wilkinson MC. An overview of polymer latex film formation and properties. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2000; 86:195-267. [PMID: 10997764 DOI: 10.1016/s0001-8686(99)00037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The literature on polymer latex film formation has grown enormously in recent times--driven by the need to find alternatives for solvent-based systems with their adverse environmental impacts. Although greater insight has been shown by the use of modern instrumental techniques such as small angle neutron scattering, direct non-radiative energy transfer and atomic force microscopy, the actual mechanisms involved in deforming spherical particles into void-free films are still the subject of controversy and debate. Surfactant-free homopolymer model colloid latices, favoured in academic studies, together with latices containing surfactants whose redistribution can influence film properties, and the more complex copolymer, blended, core-shell and pigmented systems needed to satisfy a full range of film properties are all considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Steward
- Nottingham Trent University, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Nottingham, UK
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Huijs FM, Lang J, Kalicharan D, Vercauteren FF, Van Der Want JJL, Hadziioannou G. Formation of transparent conducting films based on core-shell latices: Influence of the polypyrrole shell thickness. J Appl Polym Sci 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1097-4628(20010131)79:5<900::aid-app140>3.0.co;2-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Lee DY, Shin JS, Park YJ, Kim JH, Khew MC, Ho CC. Surface morphology of latex film formed from poly(butyl methacrylate) latex in the presence of alkali-soluble resin. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9918(199908)28:1<28::aid-sia641>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Moita Neto J, do Rego Monteiro VA, Galembeck F. Latex particle homogeneity and ageing. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0927-7757(95)03410-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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The effect of bimodality of the particle size distribution on film formation of latices. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0927-7757(95)03404-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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