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Pattamatta ASLS, Srolovitz DJ. Allotropy in ultra high strength materials. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3326. [PMID: 35680870 PMCID: PMC9184473 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30845-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Allotropic phase transformations may be driven by the application of stresses in many materials; this has been especially well-documented for pressure driven transformations. Recent advances in strengthening materials allow for the application of very large shear stresses as well – opening up vast new regions of stress space. This means that the stress space is six-dimensional (rather than one for pressure) and that phase transformations depend upon crystal/grain orientation. We propose a novel approach for predicting the role of the entire stress tensor on phase transformations in grains of all orientations in any material. This multiscale approach is density functional theory based and guided by nonlinear elasticity. We focus on stress tensor dependent allotropic phase transformations in iron at high pressure and ultra-fine grained nickel and titanium. The results are quantitatively consistent with a range of experimental observations in these disparate systems. This approach enables the balanced design of high strength-high ductility materials. Here the authors propose a crystal thermodynamics framework describing the tensor stress induced phase transformations in solids based on nonlinear elasticity and first principles calculations. The proposed approach enables balanced design of high-strength, high-ductility materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David J Srolovitz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Greater Bay Joint Division, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,International Digital Economy Academy (IDEA), Shenzhen, China.
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2
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Boulbitch A, Korzhenevskii AL. Transformation toughness induced by surface tension of the crack-tip process zone interface: A field-theoretical approach. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:023001. [PMID: 33736011 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.023001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We study a crystal with a motionless crack exhibiting the transformational process zone at its tip within the field-theoretical approach. The latter enables us to describe the transformation toughness phenomenon and relate it to the solid's location on its phase diagram. We demonstrate that the zone extends backward beyond the crack tip due to the zone boundary surface tension. This setback engenders the crack-tip shielding, thus forming the transformation toughness. We obtain a quadrature expression for the effective fracture toughness using two independent approaches-(i) with the help of the elastic Green function and, alternatively, (ii) using the weight functions-and calculate it numerically applying the results of our simulations. Based on these findings, we derive an accurate analytical approximation that describes the transformation toughness. We further express it in terms of the experimentally accessible parameters of the phase diagram: the hysteresis width, the phase transition line slope, and the transformation strain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander L Korzhenevskii
- Institute for Problems of Mechanical Engineering, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bol'shoi Prospect V.O. 61, 199178 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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3
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Schoelmerich MO, Tschentscher T, Bhat S, Bolme CA, Cunningham E, Farla R, Galtier E, Gleason AE, Harmand M, Inubushi Y, Katagiri K, Miyanishi K, Nagler B, Ozaki N, Preston TR, Redmer R, Smith RF, Tobase T, Togashi T, Tracy SJ, Umeda Y, Wollenweber L, Yabuuchi T, Zastrau U, Appel K. Evidence of shock-compressed stishovite above 300 GPa. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10197. [PMID: 32576908 PMCID: PMC7311448 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66340-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
SiO2 is one of the most fundamental constituents in planetary bodies, being an essential building block of major mineral phases in the crust and mantle of terrestrial planets (1-10 ME). Silica at depths greater than 300 km may be present in the form of the rutile-type, high pressure polymorph stishovite (P42/mnm) and its thermodynamic stability is of great interest for understanding the seismic and dynamic structure of planetary interiors. Previous studies on stishovite via static and dynamic (shock) compression techniques are contradictory and the observed differences in the lattice-level response is still not clearly understood. Here, laser-induced shock compression experiments at the LCLS- and SACLA XFEL light-sources elucidate the high-pressure behavior of stishovite on the lattice-level under in situ conditions on the Hugoniot to pressures above 300 GPa. We find stishovite is still (meta-)stable at these conditions, and does not undergo any phase transitions. This contradicts static experiments showing structural transformations to the CaCl2, α-PbO2 and pyrite-type structures. However, rate-limited kinetic hindrance may explain our observations. These results are important to our understanding into the validity of EOS data from nanosecond experiments for geophysical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shrikant Bhat
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, 22607, Germany
| | - Cindy A Bolme
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA
| | - Eric Cunningham
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Robert Farla
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, 22607, Germany
| | - Eric Galtier
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | | | - Marion Harmand
- Institute of Mineralogy, Materials Physics and Cosmochemistry, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Yuichi Inubushi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan.,Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | | | - Kohei Miyanishi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Bob Nagler
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | | | | | - Ronald Redmer
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Physik, Rostock, 18051, Germany
| | - Ray F Smith
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94500, USA
| | - Tsubasa Tobase
- Center for High-Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Tadashi Togashi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan.,Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Sally J Tracy
- Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D.C., 20015, USA
| | - Yuhei Umeda
- Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - Toshinori Yabuuchi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan.,Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
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Boulbitch A, Korzhenevskii AL. Morphological transformation of the process zone at the tip of a propagating crack. I. Simulation. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:033003. [PMID: 32289996 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.033003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Stress concentration at a crack tip engenders a process zone, a small domain containing a phase, different from that in the bulk of the solid. We demonstrate that this zone at the tip of a propagating crack exhibits a morphological transformation with an increase of the crack velocity. The concave zone shape with an invagination in its back that is characteristic of a slow crack transforms into a droplet-shaped convex zone upon exceeding a critical velocity value, v_{G}. In this latter case, a metastable wake follows the propagating zone. We obtained this result by computer simulation of a crack propagating in a solid exhibiting a first-order phase transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander L Korzhenevskii
- Institute for Problems of Mechanical Engineering, RAS, Bol'shoi prosp. V. O. 61, 199178 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Boulbitch A, Gufan YM, Korzhenevskii AL. Crack-tip process zone as a bifurcation problem. Phys Rev E 2017; 96:013005. [PMID: 29347102 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.013005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Stress concentration at a crack tip generates a solid structural transformation in its vicinity, the process zone. We argue that its formation represents a local phase transition described by a multicomponent order parameter. We derive a system of equations describing the dynamics of the order parameter driven by an inhomogeneous, time-dependent stress field in the solid and show that it exhibits a bifurcation. The latter corresponds to the emergence of a process zone characterized by the distribution of the order parameter localized in the vicinity of the crack tip. The emergence temperature T_{*} considerably differs from the temperature of the bulk phase transformation T_{c}. We demonstrate that T_{*} exhibits a universal behavior T_{*}-T_{c}∼K_{I}^{4/3}, in terms of the stress intensity factor K_{I}, and that the zone universally vanishes upon achieving a critical velocity. These facts together give rise to a universal dynamic phase diagram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Boulbitch
- IEE S.A. ZAE Weiergewan, 11, rue Edmond Reuter, L-5326 Contern, Luxembourg
| | - Yury M Gufan
- Institute for Physics, Stachki 194,344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Alexander L Korzhenevskii
- Institute for Problems of Mechanical Engineering, RAS, Bol'shoi prosp. V. O. 61, 199178 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Boulbitch A, Korzhenevskii AL. Crack velocity jumps engendered by a transformational process zone. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:063001. [PMID: 27415348 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.063001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We study a concerted propagation of a fast crack with the process zone where a rearrangement of the solid structure takes place. The latter is treated as a second-order local phase transformation. We demonstrate that the propagation of such a zone gives rise to a nonlinear frictionlike force exerted on the crack tip, resisting its propagation. Depending on the temperature, it produces three regimes of crack motion, which differ in the behavior of the crack tip process zone: (i) always existing, (ii) only emerging at a high crack speed, and (iii) flickering. We show that the latter regime exhibits crack velocity jumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Boulbitch
- IEE S.A. ZAE Weiergewan, 11, rue Edmond Reuter, L-5326 Contern, Luxembourg
| | - A L Korzhenevskii
- Institute for Problems of Mechanical Engineering, RAS, Bol'shoi prosp. V. O. 61, 199178 St. Petersburg, Russia
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