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Leyva E, de Loera D, Espinosa-González CG, Noriega S. Physicochemical Properties and Photochemical Reactions in Organic Crystals. CURR ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272822666190313152105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:Molecular organic photochemistry is concerned with the description of physical and chemical processes generated upon the absorption of photons by organic molecules. Recently, it has become an important part of many areas of science: chemistry, biology, biochemistry, medicine, biophysics, material science, analytical chemistry, among others. Many synthetic chemists are using photochemical reactions in crystals to generate different types of organic compounds since this methodology represents a green chemistry approach.Objective & Method:Chemical reactions in crystals are quite different from reactions in solution. The range of organic solid state reactions and the degree of control which could be achieved under these conditions are quite wider and subtle. Therefore, for a large number of molecular crystals, the photochemical outcome is not the expected product based on topochemical principles. To explain these experimental results, several physicochemical factors in crystal structure have been proposed such as defects, reaction cavity, dynamic preformation or photoinduced lattice instability and steric compression control. In addition, several crystal engineering strategies have been developed to bring molecules into adequate orientations with reactive groups in good proximity to synthesize complex molecules that in many cases are not available by conventional methods. Some strategies involve structural modifications like intramolecular substitution with different functional groups to modify intermolecular interactions. Other strategies involve chemical techniques such as mixed crystal formation, charge transfer complexes, ionic and organometallic interactions. Furthermore, some examples of the single crystal to single crystal transformations have also been developed showing an elegant method to achieve regio and stereoselectivity in a photochemical reaction.Conclusion:The several examples given in this review paper have shown the wide scope of photochemical reactions in organic molecular crystals. There are several advantages of carrying photochemical reaction in the solid state. Production of materials unobtainable by the traditional solution phase reactions, improved specificity, reduction of impurities, and enhancement in the yields by the reduction of side reactions. These advantages and the multidisciplinary nature of solid-state photochemistry make this discipline quite likely to develop a lot in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Leyva
- Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi; Manuel Nava No. 6. Zona Universitaria, 78210, San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico
| | - Denisse de Loera
- Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi; Manuel Nava No. 6. Zona Universitaria, 78210, San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico
| | - Claudia G. Espinosa-González
- Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi; Manuel Nava No. 6. Zona Universitaria, 78210, San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico
| | - Saúl Noriega
- Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi; Manuel Nava No. 6. Zona Universitaria, 78210, San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico
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Taniguchi T, Kubota A, Moritoki T, Asahi T, Koshima H. Two-step photomechanical motion of a dibenzobarrelene crystal. RSC Adv 2018; 8:34314-34320. [PMID: 35548618 PMCID: PMC9086938 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06639f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon light irradiation, a dibenzobarrelene crystal quickly bent, and then slowly bent towards the opposite direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Taniguchi
- Department of Advanced Science and Engineering
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering
- Waseda University
- Tokyo 169-8555
- Japan
| | - Ayumi Kubota
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience
- School of Advanced Science and Engineering
- Waseda University
- Tokyo 169-8555
- Japan
| | - Tatsuya Moritoki
- Department of Materials Science and Biotechnology
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Ehime University
- Ehime 790-8577
- Japan
| | - Toru Asahi
- Department of Advanced Science and Engineering
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering
- Waseda University
- Tokyo 169-8555
- Japan
| | - Hideko Koshima
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation
- Waseda University
- Tokyo 162-0041
- Japan
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Konieczny K, Bąkowicz J, Turowska-Tyrk I. The crystal and molecular structure of sodium 4-(2,4,6-triisopropylbenzoyl)benzoate in terms of the photochemical behaviour of the anion. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2015; 71:410-4. [PMID: 25940899 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229615008141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Contrary to the known 4-(2,4,6-triisopropylbenzoyl)benzoate salts, di-μ-aqua-bis[tetraaquasodium(I)] bis[4-(2,4,6-triisopropylbenzoyl)benzoate] dihydrate, [Na2(H2O)10](C23H27O3)2·2H2O, (1), does not undergo a photochemical Norrish-Yang reaction in the crystalline state. In order to explain this photochemical inactivity, the intermolecular interactions were analyzed by means of the Hirshfeld surface and intramolecular geometrical parameters describing the possibility of a Norrish-Yang reaction were calculated. The reasons for the behaviour of the title salt are similar crystalline environments for both the o-isopropyl groups in the anion, resulting in similar geometrical parameters and orientations, and that these interaction distances differ significantly from those found in salts where the photochemical reaction occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Konieczny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, Wrocław 50-370, Poland
| | - Julia Bąkowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, Wrocław 50-370, Poland
| | - Ilona Turowska-Tyrk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, Wrocław 50-370, Poland
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Koshima H, Fukano M, Ojima N, Johmoto K, Uekusa H, Shiro M. Absolute Asymmetric Photocyclization of Triisopropylbenzophenone Derivatives in Crystals and Their Morphological Changes. J Org Chem 2014; 79:3088-93. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5000913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideko Koshima
- Department
of Materials Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science
and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Michitaro Fukano
- Department
of Materials Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science
and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Naoko Ojima
- Department
of Materials Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science
and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Kohei Johmoto
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2 Ookayama,
Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Uekusa
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2 Ookayama,
Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Motoo Shiro
- Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan
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Single-crystal-to-single-crystal photocyclization of 4-(2,4,6-triisopropylbenzoyl)benzoic acid in the salt crystal with (S)-phenylethylamine. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Koshima H, Fukano M, Uekusa H. Diastereospecific Photocyclization of a Isopropylbenzophenone Derivative in Crystals and the Morphological Changes. J Org Chem 2007; 72:6786-91. [PMID: 17691740 DOI: 10.1021/jo071005i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of crystals of 2,4,6-triisopropylbenzophenone derivative with the (S)-phenylethylamide group caused diastereospecific Norrish type II photocyclization by UV irradiation to give (R,S)-cyclobutenol as a sole product. In contrast, the solution photolysis gave an almost 1:1 mixture of (R,S)- and (S,S)-cyclobutenol. The specific diastereodifferentiation in the crystalline state is attributed to the smooth transformation with minimum molecular motion due to the very similar molecular shapes as well as the 2-fold helical arrangements between the reactant crystal and the product (R,S)-cyclobutenol crystal. UV irradiation of the bulk crystals led to cracking and breaking into small fragments. In contrast, the microcrystals maintained the single-crystalline morphology in the course of photocyclization, suggesting the single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideko Koshima
- Department of Materials Science and Biotechnology, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.
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Hirotsu K, Okada K, Mizutani H, Koshima H, Matsuura T. X-Ray Study of Asymmetric Photoreaction of 2,4,6-Triisopropyl-4′-Carboxybenzophenone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10587259608046009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Koshima H, Wang Y, Matsuura T, Mibuka N, Imahashi S. Two-Component Mixed Crystals Consisting of Nitroanilines and Nitrophenols and Their Nonlinear Optical Property. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10587259608034077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Koshima
- a PRESTO, Research Development Corporation of Japan
- b Department of Materials Chemistry , Ryukoku University , Seta, Otsu , 520-21 , Japan
| | - Y. Wang
- b Department of Materials Chemistry , Ryukoku University , Seta, Otsu , 520-21 , Japan
| | - T. Matsuura
- b Department of Materials Chemistry , Ryukoku University , Seta, Otsu , 520-21 , Japan
| | - N. Mibuka
- c Research Institute, Toyobo Co. Ltd. , Katata, Otsu , 520-02 , Japan
| | - S. Imahashi
- c Research Institute, Toyobo Co. Ltd. , Katata, Otsu , 520-02 , Japan
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Koshima H, Kawanishi H, Nagano M, Yu H, Shiro M, Hosoya T, Uekusa H, Ohashi Y. Absolute Asymmetric Photocyclization of Isopropylbenzophenone Derivatives Using a Cocrystal Approach Involving Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal Transformation. J Org Chem 2005; 70:4490-7. [PMID: 15903330 DOI: 10.1021/jo0500784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Absolute asymmetric photocyclization of isopropylbenzophenone derivatives was achieved by means of a cocrystal approach. Three chiral salt crystals formed by carboxylic acid derivatives with achiral amines could be prepared by spontaneous crystallization. In the M-crystal of 4-(2,5-diisopropylbenzoyl)benzoic acid with 2,4-dichlorobenzylamine, a twofold helical arrangement occurs in a counterclockwise direction to generate the crystal chirality. Conversely, the clockwise helix exists alone in the P-crystal. Irradiation of the M-crystal at >290 nm caused highly enantioselective Norrish type II cyclization to give the (R,R)-cyclopentenol, (R)-cyclobutenol, and (R)-hydrol in a 6:3:1 molar ratio, resulting in successful absolute asymmetric synthesis, while irradiation at around 350 nm afforded the (R,R)-cyclopentenol as the sole product. The reaction proceeded via single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation, and therefore the reaction path producing the (R,R)-cyclopentenol could be traced by X-ray crystallographic analysis before and after irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideko Koshima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.
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Mori T, Izumi H, Inoue Y. Chiroptical Properties of Organic Radical Cations. The Electronic and Vibrational Circular Dichroism Spectra of α-Tocopherol Derivatives and Sterically Hindered Chiral Hydroquinone Ethers. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0463520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Mori
- Department of Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba West, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan, and Entropy Control Project, ICORP, JST, 4-6-3 Kamishinden, Toyonaka 560-0085, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Izumi
- Department of Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba West, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan, and Entropy Control Project, ICORP, JST, 4-6-3 Kamishinden, Toyonaka 560-0085, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Inoue
- Department of Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba West, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan, and Entropy Control Project, ICORP, JST, 4-6-3 Kamishinden, Toyonaka 560-0085, Japan
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Scheffer JR. 2000 Alfred Bader Award LectureIn the footsteps of Pasteur: asymmetric induction in the photochemistry of crystalline ammonium carboxylate salts. CAN J CHEM 2001. [DOI: 10.1139/v01-060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the development of a new, synthetically useful method of asymmetric synthesis in organic photochemistry. Similar in many ways to the Pasteur procedure for resolving racemic carboxylic acids and organic amines, the method relies on the use of crystalline organic salts in which the enantioselectivity of a photochemical reaction of an achiral organic ion (for example, a carboxylate anion) is governed in the solid state by the presence of an optically pure counterion (for example, an optically active ammonium ion). Such optically pure counterions are termed ionic chiral auxiliaries. Salts containing ionic chiral auxiliaries are required to crystallize in chiral space groups, which provide the asymmetric environment necessary for chiral induction. Using this methodology, we have obtained near-quantitative optical yields in a wide variety of photochemical reactions.Key words: photochemistry, solid state, chiral auxiliaries, asymmetric synthesis, crystal structurereactivity relationships.
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Koshima H, Matsushige D, Miyauchi M. Enantiospecific single crystal-to-single crystal photocyclization of 2,5-diisopropyl-4′-carboxybenzophenone in the salt crystals with (S)- and (R)-phenylethylamine. CrystEngComm 2001. [DOI: 10.1039/b103517g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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An Investigation of the Solid-State Photochemistry of α-Mesitylacetophenone Derivatives: Asymmetric Induction Studies and Crystal Structure–Reactivity Relationships. Tetrahedron 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(00)00496-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Sarkar T, Ghosh S, Moorthy J, Fang JM, Nandy S, Sathyamurthy N, Chakraborty D. Photochromism and photoreactivity of 2,6-dichloro-4-methyl-3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde in the solid state. Tetrahedron Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)01144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hénin F, Létinois S, Muzart J. Asymmetric photodeconjugation of ammonium ene-carboxylates: temperature effects and evidence for the α-carbon of the dienolic species as a latent trigonal centre. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(00)00151-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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The Norrish type II reaction in the crystalline state: Toward a better understanding of the geometric requirements for γ-hydrogen atom abstraction. Tetrahedron 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(98)01019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ito Y, Kano G, Nakamura N. Diastereoselective Photocyclization of N-(p-(2,4,6-Triisopropylbenzoyl)benzoyl)-l- phenylalanine Methyl Ester in the Solid State. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo980139g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikatsu Ito
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Gentaro Kano
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Nobumasa Nakamura
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Gamlin JN, Jones R, Leibovitch M, Patrick B, Scheffer JR, Trotter J. The Ionic Auxiliary Concept in Solid State Organic Photochemistry. Acc Chem Res 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ar950165q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janet N. Gamlin
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Ray Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Mordechai Leibovitch
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Brian Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - John R. Scheffer
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - James Trotter
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z1
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Kinbara K, Kai A, Maekawa Y, Hashimoto Y, Naruse S, Hasegawa M, Saigo K. Photoisomerization of ammonium α,β-unsaturated carboxylates in the solid state: effect of the hydrogen-bond network on the reactivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1039/p29960000247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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