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A Validation Study on Immunophenotypic Differences in T-lymphocyte Chromosomal Radiosensitivity between Newborns and Adults in South Africa. RADIATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/radiation2010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Children have an increased risk of developing radiation-induced secondary malignancies compared to adults, due to their high radiosensitivity and longer life expectancy. In contrast to the epidemiological evidence, there is only a handful of radiobiology studies which investigate the difference in radiosensitivity between children and adults at a cellular level. In this study, the previous results on the potential age dependency in chromosomal radiosensitivity were validated again by means of the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay in T-lymphocytes isolated from the umbilical cord and adult peripheral blood of a South African population. The isolated cells were irradiated with 60Co γ-rays at doses ranging from 0.5 Gy to 4 Gy. Increased radiosensitivities of 34%, 42%, 29%, 26% and 16% were observed for newborns compared to adults at 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 Gy, respectively. An immunophenotypic evaluation with flow cytometry revealed a significant change in the fraction of naïve (CD45RA+) T-lymphocytes in CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes with age. Newborns co-expressed an average of 91.05% CD45RA+ (range: 80.80–98.40%) of their CD4+ cells, while this fraction decreased to an average of 39.08% (range: 12.70–58.90%) for adults. Similar observations were made for CD8+ cells. This agrees with previous published results that the observed differences in chromosomal radiosensitivity between newborn and adult T-lymphocytes could potentially be linked to their immunophenotypic profiles.
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Gomolka M, Blyth B, Bourguignon M, Badie C, Schmitz A, Talbot C, Hoeschen C, Salomaa S. Potential screening assays for individual radiation sensitivity and susceptibility and their current validation state. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 96:280-296. [PMID: 31347938 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1642544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The workshop on 'Individual Radiosensitivity and Radiosusceptibility' organized by MELODI and CONCERT on Malta in 2018, evaluated the current state of assays to identify sensitive and susceptible subgroups. The authors provide an overview on potential screening assays detecting individuals showing moderate to severe early and late radiation reactions or are at increased risk to develop cancer upon radiation exposure.Conclusion: It is necessary to separate clearly between tissue reactions and stochastic effects such as cancer when comparing the existing literature to validate various test systems. Requirements for the assays are set up. The literature is reviewed for assays that are reliable and robust. Sensitivity and specificity of the assays are regarded and scrutinized for modifying factors. Accuracy of an assay system is required to be more than 90% to balance risks of adverse reactions against risk to fail to cure the cancer. No assay/biomarker is in routine use. Assays that have shown predictive potential for radiosensitivity include SNPs, the RILA assay, and the pATM assay. A tree of risk guideline for radiologists is provided to assist medical treatment decisions. Recommendations for effective research include the setup of common retrospective and prospective cohorts/biobanks to validate current and future tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gomolka
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Blyth
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Christophe Badie
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Public Health England, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Annette Schmitz
- Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, CEA, Paris, France
| | - Christopher Talbot
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Hoeschen
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Institute for Medical Technology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Franchini V, De Sanctis S, Marinaccio J, De Amicis A, Coluzzi E, Di Cristofaro S, Lista F, Regalbuto E, Doria A, Giovenale E, Gallerano GP, Bei R, Benvenuto M, Masuelli L, Udroiu I, Sgura A. Study of the effects of 0.15 terahertz radiation on genome integrity of adult fibroblasts. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2018; 59:476-487. [PMID: 29602275 DOI: 10.1002/em.22192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The applications of Terahertz (THz) technologies have significantly developed in recent years, and the complete understanding of the biological effects of exposure to THz radiation is becoming increasingly important. In a previous study, we found that THz radiation induced genomic damage in fetal fibroblasts. Although these cells demonstrated to be a useful model, exposure of human foetuses to THz radiation is highly improbable. Conversely, THz irradiation of adult dermal tissues is cause of possible concern for some professional and nonprofessional categories. Therefore, we extended our study to the investigation of the effects of THz radiation on adult fibroblasts (HDF). In this work, the effects of THz exposure on HDF cells genome integrity, cell cycle, cytological ultrastructure and proteins expression were assessed. Results of centromere-negative micronuclei frequencies, phosphorylation of H2AX histone, and telomere length modulation indicated no induction of DNA damage. Concordantly, no changes in the expression of proteins associated with DNA damage sensing and repair were detected. Conversely, our results showed an increase of centromere-positive micronuclei frequencies and chromosomal nondisjunction events, indicating induction of aneuploidy. Therefore, our results indicate that THz radiation exposure may affect genome integrity through aneugenic effects, and not by DNA breakage. Our findings are compared to published studies, and possible biophysical mechanisms are discussed. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:476-487, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Franchini
- Scientific Department, Army Medical Center, Rome, Italy
- Department of Science, University "Roma Tre", Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Elisa Coluzzi
- Department of Science, University "Roma Tre", Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Elisa Regalbuto
- Scientific Department, Army Medical Center, Rome, Italy
- Department of Science, University "Roma Tre", Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Doria
- Radiation Sources Laboratory, ENEA Frascati Research Center, Frascati, Italy
| | - Emilio Giovenale
- Radiation Sources Laboratory, ENEA Frascati Research Center, Frascati, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Benvenuto
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Masuelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Ion Udroiu
- Department of Science, University "Roma Tre", Rome, Italy
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Beschel LM, Leu M, Reichardt SD, Rave-Fränk M, Schirmer MA, Stadelmann C, Canis M, Wolff HA, Reichardt HM. T cell abundance in blood predicts acute organ toxicity in chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:65902-65915. [PMID: 27589568 PMCID: PMC5323201 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) by chemoradiotherapy (CRT) often results in high-grade acute organ toxicity (HGAOT). As these adverse effects impair the patients' quality of life and the feasibility of the planned therapy, we sought to analyze immunological parameters in tumor material and blood samples obtained from 48 HNSCC patients in order to assess the potential to predict the individual acute organ toxicity. T cells in the tumor stroma were enriched in patients developing HGAOT whereas levels of soluble factors in the plasma and gene expression in whole blood did not coincide with the occurrence of acute organ toxicity. In contrast, the frequency and absolute numbers of selected leukocyte subpopulations measured in samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) directly before the beginning of CRT were significantly different in patients with HGAOT as compared to those without. When we validated several potential markers including the abundance of T cells in a small prospective study with 16 HNSCC patients, we were able to correctly predict acute organ toxicity in up to 81% of the patients. We conclude that analysis of PBMCs by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) might be a convenient strategy to identify patients at risk of developing HGAOT caused by CRT, which might allow to adapt the treatment regimen and possibly improve disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Milena Beschel
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Leu
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sybille D Reichardt
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
| | - Margret Rave-Fränk
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus A Schirmer
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christine Stadelmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Canis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hendrik A Wolff
- University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany.,Present address: Strahlentherapie Radiologie München, Germany
| | - Holger M Reichardt
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
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Gomolka M, Oestreicher U, Rößler U, Samaga D, Endesfelder D, Lang P, Neumaier K, Belka C, Niemeyer M, Kiechle M, Hasbargen U, Hübener C, Kirlum HJ, Kulka U, Rosenberger A, Walsh L, Baatout S, Kesminiene A, Lindholm C. Age-dependent differences in DNA damage after in vitro CT exposure. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:272-281. [PMID: 29319401 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1419302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Age dependent radiation sensitivity for DNA damage after in vitro blood exposure by computer tomography (CT) was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Radiation biomarkers (dicentrics and gammaH2AX) in blood samples of newborns, children under five years and adults after sham exposure (0 mGy), low-dose (41 mGy) and high-dose (978 mGy) in vitro CT exposure were analyzed. RESULTS Significantly higher levels of dicentric induction were found for the single and combined newborns/children group compared to adults, by a factor of 1.48 (95% CI 1.30-1.68), after exposure to 978 mGy. Although a significant dose response for damage induction and dose-dependent repair was found, the gammaH2AX assay did not show an age-dependent increase in DNA damage in newborns/children compared to adults. This was the case for the gammaH2AX levels after repair time intervals of 30 minutes and 24 hours, after correcting for the underlying background damage. For the low dose of 41 mGy, the power of the dicentric assay was also not sufficient to detect an age-dependent effect in the sample size investigated. CONCLUSION A 1.5-fold increased level of dicentric aberrations is detected in newborns and children under five years after 1 Gy radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gomolka
- a Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, BfS , Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1 , Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Ursula Oestreicher
- a Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, BfS , Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1 , Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Ute Rößler
- a Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, BfS , Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1 , Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Daniel Samaga
- a Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, BfS , Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1 , Neuherberg , Germany
| | - David Endesfelder
- a Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, BfS , Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1 , Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Peter Lang
- b LMU, Klinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie , München , Germany
| | - Klement Neumaier
- b LMU, Klinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie , München , Germany
| | - Claus Belka
- b LMU, Klinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie , München , Germany
| | - Markus Niemeyer
- c TUM, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Frauenklinik , München , Germany
| | - Marion Kiechle
- c TUM, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Frauenklinik , München , Germany
| | - Uwe Hasbargen
- d LMU, Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Campus Großhadern , München , Germany
| | - Christoph Hübener
- d LMU, Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Campus Großhadern , München , Germany
| | | | - Ulrike Kulka
- a Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, BfS , Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1 , Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Albert Rosenberger
- f Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Institut für Genetische Epidemiologie , Humboldtallee 32 , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Linda Walsh
- a Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, BfS , Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1 , Neuherberg , Germany
- g Medical Physics Group, University of Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Sarah Baatout
- h Belgian Nuclear Research Center, SCK-CEN , Mol , Belgium
| | | | - Carita Lindholm
- j Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority , STUK , Helsinki , Finland
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Abtahi SMM, Aghamiri SMR, Yadolahi M, Mahmoudzadeh A. Dependence of micronuclei assay on the depth of absorbed dose. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2017; 22:470-476. [PMID: 28951698 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The purpose of the present study is to investigate the dependence of micronuclei response on the depth of absorbed dose. BACKGROUND One of the most common cytogenetic methods used for radiation dosimetry is micronuclei (MN). Being less complex and faster than other methods are two remarkable advantages of the MN method which make it suitable for monitoring of population. In biological dosimetry based on the micronuclei method, the investigation into the dependence of response on the depth in which dose is absorbed is significant, though has received less attention so far. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood samples were poured in separate vials to be irradiated at different depths using a linear accelerator system. RESULTS According to the results, MN, as a function of the absorbed dose, had the best fitness with the linear-quadratic model at all depths. Furthermore, the results showed the dependence of MN response on the depth of absorbed dose. For doses up to 2 Gy, the maximum difference from the reference depth of 1.5 cm was related to the depth of 10 cm; however, by increasing the absorbed dose, the response associated with the depth of 20 cm showed the maximum deviation from the reference depth. CONCLUSIONS Consequently, it is necessary to apply a correction factor to the biological dosimetry. The correction factor is dependent on the depth and the absorbed dose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Masoumeh Yadolahi
- Nursing Care Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Aziz Mahmoudzadeh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Hall J, Jeggo PA, West C, Gomolka M, Quintens R, Badie C, Laurent O, Aerts A, Anastasov N, Azimzadeh O, Azizova T, Baatout S, Baselet B, Benotmane MA, Blanchardon E, Guéguen Y, Haghdoost S, Harms-Ringhdahl M, Hess J, Kreuzer M, Laurier D, Macaeva E, Manning G, Pernot E, Ravanat JL, Sabatier L, Tack K, Tapio S, Zitzelsberger H, Cardis E. Ionizing radiation biomarkers in epidemiological studies - An update. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2017; 771:59-84. [PMID: 28342453 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent epidemiology studies highlighted the detrimental health effects of exposure to low dose and low dose rate ionizing radiation (IR): nuclear industry workers studies have shown increased leukaemia and solid tumour risks following cumulative doses of <100mSv and dose rates of <10mGy per year; paediatric patients studies have reported increased leukaemia and brain tumours risks after doses of 30-60mGy from computed tomography scans. Questions arise, however, about the impact of even lower doses and dose rates where classical epidemiological studies have limited power but where subsets within the large cohorts are expected to have an increased risk. Further progress requires integration of biomarkers or bioassays of individual exposure, effects and susceptibility to IR. The European DoReMi (Low Dose Research towards Multidisciplinary Integration) consortium previously reviewed biomarkers for potential use in IR epidemiological studies. Given the increased mechanistic understanding of responses to low dose radiation the current review provides an update covering technical advances and recent studies. A key issue identified is deciding which biomarkers to progress. A roadmap is provided for biomarker development from discovery to implementation and used to summarise the current status of proposed biomarkers for epidemiological studies. Most potential biomarkers remain at the discovery stage and for some there is sufficient evidence that further development is not warranted. One biomarker identified in the final stages of development and as a priority for further research is radiation specific mRNA transcript profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Hall
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69424, France.
| | - Penny A Jeggo
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9RQ, United Kingdom
| | - Catharine West
- Translational Radiobiology Group, Institute of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Christie Hospital, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Gomolka
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Department of Radiation Protection and Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Roel Quintens
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK·CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Christophe Badie
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Olivier Laurent
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - An Aerts
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK·CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Nataša Anastasov
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Omid Azimzadeh
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tamara Azizova
- Southern Urals Biophysics Institute, Clinical Department, Ozyorsk, Russia
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK·CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium; Cell Systems and Imaging Research Group, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bjorn Baselet
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK·CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium; Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mohammed A Benotmane
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK·CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Eric Blanchardon
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Yann Guéguen
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Siamak Haghdoost
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Harms-Ringhdahl
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julia Hess
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michaela Kreuzer
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Department of Radiation Protection and Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dominique Laurier
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Ellina Macaeva
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK·CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium; Cell Systems and Imaging Research Group, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Grainne Manning
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen Pernot
- INSERM U897, Université de Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Jean-Luc Ravanat
- Laboratoire des Lésions des Acides Nucléiques, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INAC-SCIB, F-38000 Grenoble, France; Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, INAC-SyMMES, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Laure Sabatier
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, BP6, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Karine Tack
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Soile Tapio
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Horst Zitzelsberger
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Cardis
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Radiation Programme, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) (MTD formerly), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
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Udroiu I, Sgura A. Genotoxic sensitivity of the developing hematopoietic system. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2015; 767:1-7. [PMID: 27036061 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Genotoxic sensitivity seems to vary during ontogenetic development. Animal studies have shown that the spontaneous mutation rate is higher during pregnancy and infancy than in adulthood. Human and animal studies have found higher levels of DNA damage and mutations induced by mutagens in fetuses/newborns than in adults. This greater susceptibility could be due to reduced DNA repair capacity. In fact, several studies indicated that some DNA repair pathways seem to be deficient during ontogenesis. This has been demonstrated also in murine hematopoietic stem cells. Genotoxicity in the hematopoietic system has been widely studied for several reasons: it is easy to assess, deals with populations cycling also in the adults and may be relevant for leukemogenesis. Reviewing the literature concerning the application of the micronucleus test (a validated assay to assess genotoxicity) in fetus/newborns and adults, we found that the former show almost always higher values than the latter, both in animals treated with genotoxic substances and in those untreated. Therefore, we draw the conclusion that the genotoxic sensitivity of the hematopoietic system is more pronounced during fetal life and decreases during ontogenic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion Udroiu
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonella Sgura
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
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Bourgier C, Lacombe J, Solassol J, Mange A, Pèlegrin A, Ozsahin M, Azria D. Late side-effects after curative intent radiotherapy: Identification of hypersensitive patients for personalized strategy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 93:312-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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10
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Lacombe J, Azria D, Mange A, Solassol J. Proteomic approaches to identify biomarkers predictive of radiotherapy outcomes. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 10:33-42. [DOI: 10.1586/epr.12.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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11
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Lacombe J, Riou O, Solassol J, Mangé A, Bourgier C, Fenoglietto P, Pèlegrin A, Ozsahin M, Azria D. [Intrinsic radiosensitivity: predictive assays that will change daily practice]. Cancer Radiother 2013; 17:337-43. [PMID: 23999252 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2013.07.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The impact of curative radiotherapy depends mainly on the total dose delivered homogenously in the targeted volume. Nevertheless, the dose delivered to the surrounding healthy tissues may reduce the therapeutic ratio of many radiation treatments. In a same population treated in one center with the same technique, it appears that individual radiosensitivity clearly exists, namely in terms of late side effects that are in principle non-reversible. This review details the different radiobiological approaches that have been developed to better understand the mechanisms of radiation-induced late effects. We also present the possibilities of clinical use of predictive assays in the close future.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lacombe
- Institut de recherche en cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U896, avenue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier cedex 05, France; Avenue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier cedex 05, France; Université Montpellier 1, avenue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier cedex 05, France
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Lacombe J, Mange A, Azria D, Solassol J. Identification de marqueurs prédictifs de la réponse à la radiothérapie par approche protéomique. Cancer Radiother 2013; 17:62-9; quiz 70, 72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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[Radiosensitivity assays of normal tissues]. Bull Cancer 2011; 98:1469-75. [PMID: 22157594 DOI: 10.1684/bdc.2011.1497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy allows locoregional control with systemic impact in some indications. Technologic advances decrease the dose received by normal tissues leading to a low crude number of late side effects near to 5%. Intrinsic radiosensitivity are still of interest in this context of high level of technology and optimized treatments. Assays of radiosensitivity are detailed in this article arguing the negative results but also the perspectives.
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Encheva E, Deleva S, Hristova R, Hadjidekova V, Hadjieva T. Investigating micronucleus assay applicability for prediction of normal tissue intrinsic radiosensitivity in gynecological cancer patients. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2011; 17:24-31. [PMID: 24376993 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pelvic organs morbidity after irradiation of cancer patients remains a major problem although new technologies have been developed and implemented. A relatively simple and suitable method for routine clinical practice is needed for preliminary assessment of normal tissue intrinsic radiosensitivity. The micronucleus test (MNT) determines the frequency of the radiation induced micronuclei (MN) in peripheral blood lymphocytes, which could serve as an indicator of intrinsic cell radiosensitivity. AIM To investigate a possible use of the micronucleus test (MNT) for acute radiation morbidity prediction in gynecological cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty gynecological cancer patients received 50 Gy conventional external pelvic irradiation after radical surgery. A four-field "box" technique was applied with 2D planning. The control group included 10 healthy females. Acute normal tissue reactions were graded according to NCI CTCAE v.3.0. From all reaction scores, the highest score named "summarized clinical radiosensitivity" was selected for a statistical analysis. MNT was performed before and after in vitro irradiation with 1.5 Gy. The mean radiation induced frequency of micronuclei per 1000 binucleated cells (MN/1000) and lymphocytes containing micronuclei per 1000 binucleated cells (cells with MN/1000) were evaluated for both patients and controls. AN ARBITRARY CUT OFF VALUE WAS CREATED TO PICK UP A RADIOSENSITIVE INDIVIDUAL: the mean value of spontaneous frequency of cells with MN/1000 ± 2SD, found in the control group. RESULTS Both mean spontaneous frequency of cells with MN/1000 and MN/1000 were registered to be significantly higher in cancer patients compared to the control group (t = 2.46, p = 0.02 and t = 2.51, p = 0.02). No statistical difference was registered when comparing radiation induced MN frequencies between those groups. Eighty percent (32) of patients developed grade 2 summarized clinical radiosensitivity, with great variations in MNT parameters. Only three patients with grade 2 "summarized clinical radiosensitivity" had values of cells with MN/1000 above the chosen radiosensitivity threshold. CONCLUSION The present study was not able to confirm in vitro MNT applicability for radiosensitivity prediction in pelvic irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elitsa Encheva
- Radiotherapy Department, University Hospital "Queen Giovanna-ISUL", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sofia Deleva
- Laboratory of Radiation Genetics, National Center of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rositsa Hristova
- Laboratory of Radiation Genetics, National Center of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Valeria Hadjidekova
- Laboratory of Radiation Genetics, National Center of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tatiana Hadjieva
- Radiotherapy Department, University Hospital "Queen Giovanna-ISUL", Sofia, Bulgaria
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Lacombe J, Solassol J, Coelho M, Ozsahin M, Azria D. [Interest of blood markers in predicting radiation-induced toxicity]. Cancer Radiother 2011; 15:390-3. [PMID: 21676639 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The oncologic outcome and the total dose are highly correlated with the treatment by ionizing radiation. The dose increase (total or per fraction) may provoke late-side effects that are potentially irreversible. The radiation-induced CD8 lymphocyte apoptotic value and the molecular modifications within the lymphocyte are capable of predicting the level of risk of developing late-side effects after curative intent radiotherapy. In this review, we present the different blood assays in this setting and discuss the current possibilities of researches, namely those involving the proteomic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lacombe
- Département de cancérologie radiothérapie, CRLC Val-d'Aurelle-Paul-Lamarque, rue Croix-Verte, Montpellier cedex 5, France
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Zarybnicka L, Sinkorova Z, Sinkora J, Blaha V, Vavrova J, Pejchal J, Osterreicher J. Sensitivity of porcine peripheral blood leukocytes to gamma irradiation in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo. Int J Radiat Biol 2011; 87:491-8. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2011.548437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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17
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Bordón E, Henríquez-Hernández LA, Lara PC, Pinar B, Rodríguez-Gallego C, Lloret M. Role of CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes and Natural Killer cells in the prediction of radiation-induced late toxicity in cervical cancer patients. Int J Radiat Biol 2010; 87:424-31. [PMID: 21142701 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2010.537433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyse the role of in vitro radio-induced apoptosis of lymphocyte subpopulations as predictive test for late effects in cervical cancer patients treated with radiotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS Ninety-four consecutive patients and four healthy controls were included in the study. Toxicity was evaluated using the Late Effects Normal Tissue-Subjective, Objective, Management, and Analytic (LENT-SOMA) scale. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations were isolated and irradiated at 0, 1, 2 and 8 Gy, and then collected 24, 48 and 72 h after irradiation. Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS Radiation-induced apoptosis increased with radiation dose and time of incubation, and data fitted to a semi-logarithmic model defined by two constants: α (percentage of spontaneous cell death) and β (percentage of cell death induced at a determined radiation dose). Higher β values in cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CD8) and bone cells (B-lymphocytes) were observed in patients with low bowel toxicity (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.96, p = 0.002 for B-cells); low rectal toxicity (HR = 0.96, p = 0.020; HR = 0.93, p = 0.05 for B and CD8 subpopulations respectively); low urinary toxicity (HR = 0.93, p = 0.003 for B-cells) and low sexual toxicity (HR = 0.93, p = 0.010 for CD8-cells). CONCLUSIONS Radiation-induced CD8 T-lymphocytes and, for the first time, B-lymphocytes apoptosis can predict differences in late toxicity in cervical cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bordón
- Instituto Canario de Investigación del Cáncer, Canary Islands, Spain
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18
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Miles EF, Tatsukawa Y, Funamoto S, Kamada N, Nakashima E, Kodama Y, Seed T, Kusonoki Y, Nakachi K, Fujiwara S, Akahoshi M, Neriishi K. Biomarkers of radiosensitivity in a-bomb survivors pregnant at the time of bombings in hiroshima and nagasaki. ISRN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2010; 2011:264978. [PMID: 21637355 PMCID: PMC3103073 DOI: 10.5402/2011/264978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. There is evidence in the literature of increased maternal radiosensitivity during pregnancy. Materials and Methods. We tested this hypothesis using information from the atomic-bomb survivor cohort, that is, the Adult Health Study database at the Radiation Effects Research Foundation, which contains data from a cohort of women who were pregnant at the time of the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Previous evaluation has demonstrated long-term radiation dose-response effects. Results/Conclusions. Data on approximately 250 women were available to assess dose-response rates for serum cholesterol, white blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and serum hemoglobin, and on approximately 85 women for stable chromosome aberrations, glycophorin A locus mutations, and naïve CD4 T-cell counts. Although there is no statistically significant evidence of increased radiosensitivity in pregnant women, the increased slope of the linear trend line in the third trimester with respect to stable chromosome aberrations is suggestive of an increased radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward F Miles
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23314, USA
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Azria D, Betz M, Bourgier C, Jeanneret Sozzi W, Ozsahin M. Identifying patients at risk for late radiation-induced toxicity. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2010; 84 Suppl 1:e35-41. [PMID: 20869261 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of curative radiotherapy depends mainly on the total dose delivered in the targeted volume. Nevertheless, the dose delivered to the surrounding healthy tissues may reduce the therapeutic ratio of many treatments. Two different side effects (acute and late) can occur during and after radiotherapy. Of particular interest are the radiation-induced late complications (LC) due to their irreversibility and the potential impact on quality of life. In one population treated with the same technique, it appears that individual radiosensitivity clearly exists. In the hypothesis that genetic is involved in this area of research, low CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte apoptosis were shown to be correlated with high grade of LC. In addition, recent data suggest that patients with severe radiation-induced LC possess 4 or more single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate genes and low radiation-induced CD8 lymphocyte apoptosis in vitro. On-going studies are being analyzing the entire genome using a genome-wide association study (GWAS).
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Affiliation(s)
- D Azria
- CRLC Val d'Aurelle-Paul Lamarque, Radiation Oncology Department, Rue Croix Verte, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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Braccini A, Ozsahin M, Azria D. Paramètres biologiques de réponse tardive des tissus sains aux rayonnements ionisants. ONCOLOGIE 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10269-010-1909-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Facteurs de radiosensibilité tardive des tissus sains. Cancer Radiother 2010; 14:250-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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22
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Prise en charge adjuvante des cancers invasifs du sein : les techniques de radiothérapie modifient-elles les taux de contrôle local et de survie ? Cancer Radiother 2009; 13:434-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2009.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2009] [Accepted: 01/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Azria D, Belkacemi Y, Lagrange JL, Chapet O, Mornex F, Maingon P, Hennequin C, Rosenstein B, Ozsahin M. Séquelles radio-induites et tests prédictifs. Cancer Radiother 2008; 12:619-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2008.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2008] [Accepted: 07/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ozsahin M, Crompton NEA, Gourgou S, Kramar A, Li L, Shi Y, Sozzi WJ, Zouhair A, Mirimanoff RO, Azria D. CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocyte apoptosis can predict radiation-induced late toxicity: a prospective study in 399 patients. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 11:7426-33. [PMID: 16243816 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-2634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Predicting late effects in patients treated with radiation therapy by assessing in vitro radiation-induced CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocyte apoptosis can be useful in individualizing treatment. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In a prospective study, 399 curatively irradiated patients were tested using a rapid assay where fresh blood samples were in vitro irradiated with 8 Gy X-rays. Lymphocytes were collected and prepared for flow cytometric analysis. Apoptosis was assessed by associated condensation of DNA. The incidences of late toxicities were compared for CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocyte apoptoses using receiver-operating characteristic curves and cumulative incidence. RESULTS No association was found between early toxicity and T-lymphocyte apoptosis. Grade 2 and 3 late toxicities were observed in 31% and 7% of patients, respectively. More radiation-induced T-lymphocyte apoptosis was significantly associated with less grade 2 and 3 late toxicity (Gray's test, P < 0.0001). CD8 (area under the curve = 0.83) was more sensitive and specific than CD4. No grade 3 late toxicity was observed for patients with CD4 and CD8 values greater than 15% and 24%, respectively. The 2-year cumulative incidence for grade 2 or 3 late toxicity was 70%, 32%, and 12% for patients with absolute change in CD8 T-lymphocyte apoptosis of < or =16, 16 to 24, and >24, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Radiation-induced T-lymphocyte apoptosis can significantly predict differences in late toxicity between individuals. It could be used as a rapid screen for hypersensitive patients to radiotherapy. In future dose escalation studies, patients could be selected using the apoptosis assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Ozsahin
- Authors' Affiliations: Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Lee TK, Allison RR, O'Brien KF, Khazanie PG, Johnke RM, Brown R, Bloch RM, Tate ML, Dobbs LJ, Kragel PJ. Ginseng reduces the micronuclei yield in lymphocytes after irradiation. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2004; 557:75-84. [PMID: 14706520 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2003.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To assess the effect of Chinese ginseng in modifying the radiation-induced micronuclei (MN) yield in human G(o) peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), we conducted the cytokinesis-blocked (CB) MN assay in blood samples obtained from healthy volunteers (n=4). Before (137)Cs ex vivo irradiation, mononuclear cell cultures from each sample were incubated 24 h with different concentrations (0-2000 microg ml(-1)) of crude water extract of ginseng dry root. We found that (1) at 0 Gy and without the presence of ginseng, MN yield (mean+/-S.E.M.) was 11.7+/-2.7 per 1000 binucleated (BN) cells. Different concentrations of ginseng crude water extract did not affect the MN yields and the proliferative activity of PBL; (2) after 1 and 2 Gy exposure, radiation alone sharply increased the MN yields, respectively, to 119.6+/-17.4 and 340.5+/-20.9 per 1000 BN cells. However, treatment with ginseng for 24 h before radiation exposure, resulted in a significant linear decline of MN yields as ginseng concentration increases. Compared to radiation alone, the extent to which ginseng water extract reduced the MN yields induced by 1 Gy exposure was 46.0% at 1500 microg ml(-1) and 61.5% at 2000 microg ml(-1), and with 2 Gy exposure, it was 38.6% at 1500 microg ml(-1) and 46.5% at 2000 microg ml(-1); (3) MN data suggested a tendency for overdispersion relative to the Poisson model; and (4) over the different levels of ginseng concentrations, the trend in micronucleated BN index was as similar as that of the MN yields. These results indicated that (1) ginseng crude water extract exerts no apparent cytogentic effect on human PBL at concentrations up to 2000 microg ml(-1) as evaluated by the CBMN assay; and (2) the protection of ginseng water extract against (137)Cs-induced MN in human PBL is concentration-dependence. Therefore, our findings indicated that ginseng may have therapeutic value as a possible radioprotector for normal tissue during radiotherapy of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Kwang Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Leo W. Jenkins Cancer Center, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
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Schmitz A, Bayer J, Déchamps N, Thomas G. Intrinsic susceptibility to radiation-induced apoptosis of human lymphocyte subpopulations. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003; 57:769-78. [PMID: 14529783 DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(03)00637-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE With the aim to evaluate intrinsic radiosensitivity, the susceptibility of lymphocyte subpopulations to radiation-induced apoptosis was determined. The investigated parameters included measurement reliability, phenotypic variance, intra- and inter-individual variability, and correlations between radiation-induced and spontaneous apoptosis. METHODS AND MATERIALS Quiescent lymphocytes of 63 healthy volunteers, sampled up to four times over a 1-year period were gamma-irradiated in vitro. Subsequent apoptosis (annexin V) was measured for T4-, T8-, and B-lymphocyte subpopulations using 6-color flow cytometry. Spontaneous apoptosis was measured and radiosensitivity was quantified from the dose-effect curves. RESULTS After thawing and short-term culture, both spontaneous apoptosis as well as radiation-induced apoptosis (radiosensitivity) differed among the three lymphocyte subpopulations, with T4 being most resistant, and B most sensitive. Spontaneous and radiation-induced apoptosis were correlated in all cell types, and variance between individuals was considerably higher than variance within individuals for both. A small but highly significant increase of both spontaneous and radiation-induced apoptosis was observed with age for T8, but not for T4 and B. Radiosensitivity of T8 and B proved to be sex-independent, whereas female T4 lymphocytes were less radiosensitive than those from males. T4 and T8 radiosensitivities were loosely correlated, and neither of them was related to B radiosensitivity. CONCLUSION Tendency to spontaneous and radiation-induced apoptosis of lymphocyte subpopulations differs among individuals. In addition, depending on the cell types, age and sex are factors influencing these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Schmitz
- Departement de Radiobiologie et de Radiopathologie, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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Lee TK, Allison RR, O'Brien KF, Johnke RM, Christie KI, Naves JL, Kovacs CJ, Arastu H, Karlsson UL. Lymphocyte radiosensitivity correlated with pelvic radiotherapy morbidity. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003; 57:222-9. [PMID: 12909237 DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(03)00411-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that, before treatment, prostate cancer patients who demonstrate a high yield of ex vivo radiation-induced micronucleus (MN) in G(0) lymphocytes represent a patient population with a greater-than-average risk of developing radiotherapy (RT)-related morbidity. METHODS AND MATERIALS We prospectively conducted the cytokinesis-block MN assay of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) in 38 prostate cancer patients. Before the initiation of RT, PBLs from each patient were irradiated (1-4 Gy). The mean patient age +/- SEM was 68.7 +/- 1.0 years. The clinical stage was T1 in 17, T2 in 15, and T3 in 6. The preoperative prostate-specific antigen level was < or =4 ng/mL in 5, 4-10 ng/mL in 18, and >10 ng/mL in 15. All patients underwent standardized pelvic external beam radiotherapy (range 41.4-50.4 Gy) and boost (range 16-26 Gy). The mean follow-up +/- SEM was 32.8 +/- 4.6 months. At the end of follow-up, a radiation oncologist scored the GI or GU morbidity according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group criteria without knowledge of the MN data. RESULTS We found that between the average reactors (n = 25; i.e., patients who had Grade 1 or less RT-related morbidity) and over reactors (n = 13; i.e., patients who developed Grade 2 or greater RT-related morbidity), the differences in the ex vivo radiation dose-response relationship of MN yield in PBLs were highly significant, especially at doses of > or =2 Gy. Also, the development of RT-related morbidity correlated with the radiation dose-response relationship of MN yield in PBLs before treatment, but did not correlate with any of the patients' clinical variables. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the pre-RT ex vivo radiation dose-response relationship of MN yield in PBLs may be a significant predictive factor for the development of GI or GU morbidity in prostate cancer patients after pelvic RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Kwang Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Leo W. Jenkins Cancer Center, East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
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Vral A, Thierens H, Baeyens A, De Ridder L. The micronucleus and G2-phase assays for human blood lymphocytes as biomarkers of individual sensitivity to ionizing radiation: limitations imposed by intraindividual variability. Radiat Res 2002; 157:472-7. [PMID: 11893251 DOI: 10.1667/0033-7587(2002)157[0472:tmagpa]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
As part of a program to assess the applicability of the micronucleus (MN) and G2-phase assays as biomarkers of cancer susceptibility, we investigated the inter- and intraindividual variations of these end points. For the MN assay, unstimulated blood cultures from 14 healthy donors were exposed in vitro to 3.5 Gy 60Co gamma rays; for the G2-phase assay, PHA-stimulated cell cultures were irradiated with a dose of 0.4 Gy 60Co gamma rays in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Two of the 14 volunteers were assayed 9 times over a period of 1 year. The repeat experiments revealed that the intraindividual variability was not significantly different from the interindividual variability for both the G2-phase and MN assays. Since the intraindividual variability determines the reproducibility of the assay, our results highlight the limitations of these end points in detecting reproducible differences in radiation sensitivity between individuals within a normal population. For example, one donor of the population was identified as being radiosensitive (based on the 90th percentile criterion) but turned out to be normal when the assay was repeated twice. We conclude that the determination of individual radiosensitivity with these two cytogenetic assays is unreliable when based on one blood sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vral
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Histology, University of Gent, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
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Lee TK, O'Brien KF, Naves JL, Christie KI, Arastu HH, Eaves GS, Wiley AL, Karlsson UL, Salehpour MR. Micronuclei in lymphocytes of prostate cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy. Mutat Res 2000; 469:63-70. [PMID: 10946243 DOI: 10.1016/s1383-5718(00)00072-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To further verify the applicability of the micronucleus (MN) assay in biodosimetry, we measured the MN yield in cytokinesis-blocked (CB) peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of eight prostate cancer (PC) patients. These patients had no previous chemotherapy or radiotherapy (xRT). They were treated with standardized schemes of fractionated pelvic xRT. Before xRT, and at one random time-point during the course of xRT, blood samples were collected from each patient for the following purposes: (1) to verify the relationship between the MN yield in PBL and the estimated equivalent (EQ) total-body absorbed dose; and (2) to evaluate the individual differences of ex vivo radiation dose-response (1-4 Gy) relationship of MN yield in PBL before xRT. The number of xRT fractions, cumulative tumor dose, and EQ total-body absorbed doses of these patients represented a wide range. We found in PBL of these patients that (1) MN yield (Y) increased linearly with the estimated EQ total-body absorbed dose as Y=14.6+9.2D (R(2)=0.7, p=0.007); the distributions of MN yield were overdispersed; the ratio of relative increment of MN yield per 1000 binucleated (BN) PBL ranged from 0.9 to 8.2 (median: 4.1) folds above that of the respective baseline levels; and (2) before xRT, the MN yields also increased linearly with the ex vivo radiation dose; at each radiation dose level, the distributions of MN yield were overdispersed in most patients. In two of the three patients with xRT-induced early side effects (cystitis, diarrhea), the MN yield in PBL induced by ex vivo irradiation before xRT was significantly higher than in the other patients without xRT-induced side effects. These findings suggest that MN yields in CB PBL can be used as an in vivo biodosimeter. Since the differences in individual ex vivo radiation dose-response relationship of MN yield in PBL before xRT appeared to be significant, our preliminary results also suggest that it may be possible to identify individual intrinsic radiosensitivity before the start of xRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Leo W. Jenkins Cancer Center, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, 275858, Greenville, NC, USA.
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Crompton
- Life Sciences Department, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland.
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31
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Słonina D, Gasińska A. Intrinsic radiosensitivity of healthy donors and cancer patients as determined by the lymphocyte micronucleus assay. Int J Radiat Biol 1997; 72:693-701. [PMID: 9416792 DOI: 10.1080/095530097142852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (MN) assay in assessment of radiosensitivity of lymphocytes in cancer patients. Lymphocytes from 15 cervical cancer patients, 21 head and neck cancer patients, seven lung cancer patients and 19 healthy donors were analysed using MN assay. The proportion of binucleate cells (BC) in cancer patients ranged from 22 to 56% and was significantly lower than in the control group (38-68%). MN frequency assessed five times over 6 months in four healthy donors showed that the interindividual variation was significantly higher than intraindividual. Before (0 Gy) and after irradiation (2 and 4 Gy) no statistical differences in the mean number of MN/BC were observed between healthy donors and cancer patient groups. Nevertheless, statistical cluster analysis allowed each group of donors to be divided into radioresistant and radiosensitive subgroups of patients. They showed significantly different dose response. Separate comparison of the mean MN frequency within all examined radioresistant and radiosensitive subgroups, showed statistically significant differences only after a dose of 4 Gy. At this dose, the lung cancer patients and cervical cancer patients from radiosensitive subgroups presented significantly higher radiosensitivity than the healthy donors. However, healthy donors from radioresistant subgroup did not differ significantly from cancer patients. This work has shown a high variation in interindividual radiosensitivity of donors and suggests the possibility of identifying radiosensitive patients on the basis of MN assay performed on lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Słonina
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Centre of Oncology, Kraków, Poland
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Odagiri Y, Uchida H, Shibazaki S. Interindividual variation in cytogenetic response to X-ray and colchicine measured with the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. Mutat Res 1997; 381:1-13. [PMID: 9403025 DOI: 10.1016/s0027-5107(97)00138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Interindividual variation in cytogenetic response to two different types of micronucleus (MN) inducer, X-rays (a clastogen) and colchicine (a spindle poison), was investigated in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of normal healthy donors by the cytokinesis-block MN method. The data for 124 donors between the ages of 19 and 80 years showed that the histogram of individual frequency of X-ray (2 Gy)-induced micronucleated cells followed the normal distribution (Shapiro Wilks W-test) with a significant interindividual variance (ANOVA, p < 0.001). This was, however, not the case for colchicine (0.03 microgram/ml)-induced micronucleated cells. Instead, a skewed distribution illustrating interindividual variation was evident (ANOVA, p < 0.001). Statistical analysis of the effect of age and sex on MN incidence by using the Kruskal-Wallis test indicated that age affected the baseline and colchicine-induced MN incidences strongly but not the X-ray-induced MN incidence. There was no effect of sex on the incidence of micronuclei induced by either agent. In order to avoid any possible effect of age on the MN index, data for young subjects aged less than 30 years old were analyzed separately. The results of this analysis again showed significant interindividual variations in baseline, X-ray-induced, and colchicine-induced micronucleated cell rates. Results of the correlation-coefficient analysis showed that neither X-ray-induced MN incidence nor colchicine-induced MN incidence was related to baseline MN incidence. No correlation between X-ray-induced and colchicine-induced MN incidences was also found by this analysis. These results suggest that interindividual variance in chromosomal response to mutagens in normal populations may be a real phenomenon, as is interindividual variance in baseline MN frequency, and that individual susceptibilities to the two different types of micronucleus inducers (X-ray and colchicine) are unrelated, and the baseline MN level is not of predictive value for the susceptibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Odagiri
- Division of Human and Health Sciences, Yamanashi Prefectural College of Nursing, Japan.
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Crompton NE, Ozsahin M, Schweizer P, Larsson B, Luetolf UM. Theory and practice of predictive assays in radiation therapy. Strahlenther Onkol 1997; 173:58-67. [PMID: 9048972 DOI: 10.1007/bf03038924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE An overview of the field of predictive assays is presented. It has been written with the many clinicians and scientists in mind who would like to become better acquainted with the general scope, principles and themes in the field. RESULTS Predictive assays have yielded much valuable information about the radiobiology of tumors e.g. the overall treatment time for rapidly proliferating tumors should be kept to a minimum. However, alteration of current treatment protocols based on results from predictive assays is still a matter of debate. What justification do we have to change established treatment protocols? A necessary and sufficient justification would be when the test value indicated an alternative treatment producing a better outcome, i.e. higher survival, improved local control, etc. Necessary but not always sufficient justification is correlation between the parameter measured and clinical outcome, if insufficient clinical benefit can be derived even when this is known. It is not sufficient that a test be demonstrated to be discriminatory. It must discriminate a sufficient number of patients, and its use must provide the patient with useful therapeutic alternatives. These parameters measured by predictive assays may well interact radiobiologically, and restricting observations to just one assay is probably insufficient for reliable indications. In the future, it is more likely that a panel of tests will be performed, and clinical decisions based on multi-parametric analysis of biopsy material. CONCLUSION In the following overview general predictive assay theory is presented followed by a brief introduction to some of the more established assays and finally some guidelines are suggested for the development of new assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Crompton
- Paul Scherrer Institute, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
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Malcolmson AM, Davies G, Hanson JA, Deeley JO, Gaffney CC, McGregor AD, Kerby IJ. Determination of radiation-induced damage in lymphocytes using the micronucleus and microgel electrophoresis 'Comet' assays. Eur J Cancer 1995; 31A:2320-3. [PMID: 8652263 DOI: 10.1016/0959-8049(95)00456-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage assays may be useful as rapid predictors of normal tissue radiosensitivity in clinical samples. We measured in vitro radiation-induced (2 Gy) damage to lymphocytes from cancer patients and normal healthy donors using both the micronucleus and microgel electrophoresis (Comet) assays simultaneously. For damage assessment, there was a good correlation (P < 0.001) between the mean comet lengths and the fraction of cells with comets. There was no correlation with initial damage, determined as the proportion of cells within a sample that formed comets, in comparison with the mean frequency of micronuclei per binucleate cell. However, there appeared to be an association between the determination of repair proficiency in the Comet assay and the mean frequency of micronuclei per binucleate cell in lymphocytes from cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Malcolmson
- Research Laboratories, Velindre NHS Trust, Whitchurch, Cardiff, U.K
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