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Han C, Do Hur S, Han Y, Lee K, Hong S, Erhardt T, Fischer H, Svensson AM, Steffensen JP, Vallelonga P. High-resolution isotopic evidence for a potential Saharan provenance of Greenland glacial dust. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15582. [PMID: 30348975 PMCID: PMC6197225 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33859-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dust concentrations in Greenland ice show pronounced glacial/interglacial variations with almost two orders of magnitude increase during the Last Glacial Maximum. Greenland glacial dust was previously sourced to two East Asian deserts: the Taklimakan and Gobi deserts. Here we report the first high-resolution Pb and Sr isotopic evidence for a significant Saharan dust influence in Greenland during the last glacial period, back to ~31 kyr ago, from the Greenland NEEM ice core. We find that during Greenland Stadials 3-5.1 (~31 to 23 kyr ago), the primary dust provenance was East Asia, as previously proposed. Subsequently, the Saharan isotopic signals emerge during Greenland Stadials 2.1a-2.1c (~22.6 to 14.7 kyr ago) and from the late Bølling-Allerød to the Younger Dryas periods (~13.6 to 12 kyr ago), coincident with increased aridity in the Sahara and efficient northward transport of dust during these cold periods. A mixing isotopic model proposes the Sahara as an important source, accounting for contribution to Greenland glacial dust of up to 50%, particularly during Greenland Stadial 2.1b and the late Bølling-Allerød to the Younger Dryas periods. Our findings provide new insights into climate-related dust provenance changes and essential paleoclimatic constraints on dust-climate feedbacks in northern high latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhee Han
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Korea
- Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, Korea
| | - Soon Do Hur
- Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, Korea
| | - Yeongcheol Han
- Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, Korea
| | - Khanghyun Lee
- Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, Korea
| | - Sungmin Hong
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Korea.
| | - Tobias Erhardt
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute & Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hubertus Fischer
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute & Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anders M Svensson
- Center for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Julian Maries Vej 30, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Peder Steffensen
- Center for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Julian Maries Vej 30, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul Vallelonga
- Center for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Julian Maries Vej 30, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Lee K, Hong SB, Lee J, Chung J, Hur SD, Hong S. Seasonal variation in the input of atmospheric selenium to northwestern Greenland snow. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 526:49-57. [PMID: 25918892 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen isotope ratio (δ(18)O) and concentrations of Al, Na(+), methanesulfonic acid (MSA), SO4(2-), and selenium (Se) in a continuous series of 70 snow samples from a 3.2-m snow pit at a site in northwestern Greenland were determined using ultraclean procedures. Well-defined depth profiles of δ(18)O, Al, and sea-salt-Na(+) allowed the determination of chronology of the snow pit that spanned approximately 6 years from spring 2003 to summer 2009. Se concentrations were at a low pg/g level, ranging from 7.2 to 45 pg/g, and exhibited high variability with generally higher values during winter and spring and lower values during summer and fall. Very high crustal enrichment factors (EFc) of Se averaging approximately 26,600 for the entire time period indicate a small contribution from crust dust. High Se/MSA ratios are generally observed in the winter and spring snow layers, in which the Se concentrations were relatively high (>20 pg/g). This suggests that a significant component of the Se present in the snow layers is of anthropogenic origin. During the summer season, however, high EFc values are accompanied with low Se/MSA, indicating an increased contribution of marine biogenic sources. Significant correlations between Se, Al, and non-sea-salt SO4(2-) highlight that significant inputs of Se to the snow are likely controlled by the seasonality in the transport efficiency of anthropogenic Se from the source regions to the site. Based on the seasonal changes in Se concentrations, Se/MSA, and Se/S ratios observed in the samples, the input of anthropogenic Se to the site appears to be governed by the long-range transportation of Se emitted from coal combustion in East Asian countries, especially in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanghyun Lee
- Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-840, South Korea
| | - Sang-Bum Hong
- Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-840, South Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Lee
- Department of Science Education, Ewha womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, South Korea
| | - Jiwoong Chung
- Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-840, South Korea
| | - Soon-Do Hur
- Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-840, South Korea
| | - Sungmin Hong
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, South Korea.
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Cong Z, Kang S, Dong S, Liu X, Qin D. Elemental and individual particle analysis of atmospheric aerosols from high Himalayas. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2010; 160:323-35. [PMID: 19083111 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-008-0698-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2008] [Accepted: 11/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric aerosols were collected during the scientific expedition to Mt. Qomolangma (Everest) in May-June, 2005. The elemental concentrations of the aerosols were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. This yielded data for the concentration of 14 elements: Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb. The mean elemental concentrations were generally comparable with those from central Asia and the Arctic, while much higher than those from Antarctic. Size, morphology, and chemical composition of 900 individual aerosol particles were determined by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Based on morphology and elemental composition, the particles were clustered into eight groups: soot (8%), tar ball (3%), alumosilicates/silica (55%), calcium sulfate (16%), Ca/Mg carbonate (2%), Fe/Ti-rich particles (3%), Pb-rich particles (1%), and biological particles (12%). The sampling site, located at 6,520 m in the Himalayas, is particularly remote and located at high altitude. Nonetheless, high aerosol enrichment factors for copper, chromium, lead, nickel, vanadium, and zinc all suggest the influence of long-range transported pollution, while enrichment in calcium and the presence of alumino-silicates in individual particle analyses indicates a distinct mineral dust influence. The backward air mass trajectories showed that the northwestern part of India may contribute to the atmospheric aerosol in the central high Himalayas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Cong
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China
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DAVIDSON CI, BERGIN MH, KUHNS HD. ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION OF CHEMICAL SPECIES TO POLAR SNOW. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00986449608936550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. I. DAVIDSON
- a Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Engineering and Public Policy , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213
| | - M. H. BERGIN
- a Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Engineering and Public Policy , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213
| | - H. D. KUHNS
- a Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Engineering and Public Policy , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213
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Shevchenko V, Lisitzin A, Vinogradova A, Stein R. Heavy metals in aerosols over the seas of the Russian Arctic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2003; 306:11-25. [PMID: 12699915 DOI: 10.1016/s0048-9697(02)00481-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A review of the data on heavy metals in aerosols over the seas of the Russian Arctic is presented. Results of heavy metal studies in aerosols obtained during 11 research expeditions in summer/autumn period from 1991 to 2000, and at Severnaya Zemlya and Wrangel Island in spring, in 1985-1989 are discussed. Concentrations of most heavy metals in the atmosphere in the marine boundary layer in the Russian Arctic are nearly of the same order as literature data from other Arctic areas. The content of heavy metals in the aerosols over the seas of the Russian Arctic shows an annual variation with maximal concentrations during the winter/spring season. In the summer/autumn period increased concentrations of heavy metals could be explained, in most cases, by natural processes (generation of sea salt aerosols, etc.). In some cases, aerosols from Norilsk and Kola Peninsula were detected. Particular attention was paid to estimation of horizontal and vertical fluxes of atmospheric heavy metals. We estimated annual variations in long-range transport of heavy metals into the Russian Arctic in 1986-1995. In winter and spring, up to 50% of the average air pollutant concentrations in the Russian Arctic are due to the Arctic atmospheric pollution itself. Moreover, the monthly and annual averaged fluxes of six anthropogenic chemical elements (arsenic, nickel, lead, vanadium, zinc and cadmium) onto the surface in the Arctic were estimated, and the values obtained were in reasonable agreement with the literature data available.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Shevchenko
- P P Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 36, Nakhimovsky Prospekt, 117997, Moscow, Russia
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Tegen I, Koch D, Lacis AA, Sato M. Trends in tropospheric aerosol loads and corresponding impact on direct radiative forcing between 1950 and 1990: A model study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Tegen I, Rind D. Influence of the latitudinal temperature gradient on soil dust concentration and deposition in Greenland. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd901094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fuhrer K, Wolff EW, Johnsen SJ. Timescales for dust variability in the Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP) ice core in the last 100,000 years. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Biscaye PE, Grousset FE, Revel M, Van der Gaast S, Zielinski GA, Vaars A, Kukla G. Asian provenance of glacial dust (stage 2) in the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 Ice Core, Summit, Greenland. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jc01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 461] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kahl JDW, Martinez DA, Kuhns H, Davidson CI, Jaffrezo JL, Harris JM. Air mass trajectories to Summit, Greenland: A 44-year climatology and some episodic events. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jc00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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De Angelis M, Steffensen JP, Legrand M, Clausen H, Hammer C. Primary aerosol (sea salt and soil dust) deposited in Greenland ice during the last climatic cycle: Comparison with east Antarctic records. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jc01298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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O'Brien SR, Mayewski PA, Meeker LD, Meese DA, Twickler MS, Whitlow SI. Complexity of Holocene Climate as Reconstructed from a Greenland Ice Core. Science 1995. [DOI: 10.1126/science.270.5244.1962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 649] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Bergin MH, Jaffrezo JL, Davidson CI, Dibb JE, Pandis SN, Hillamo R, Maenhaut W, Kuhns HD, Makela T. The contributions of snow, fog, and dry deposition to the summer flux of anions and cations at Summit, Greenland. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd01267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jaffrezo JL, Davidson CI, Legrand M, Dibb JE. Sulfate and MSA in the air and snow on the Greenland Ice Sheet. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd02913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Jaffrezo JL, Hillamo R, Davidson C, Maenhaut W. Size distributions of atmospheric trace elements at dye 3, Greenland—II. Sources and transport. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90312-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Davidson CI, Jaffrezo JL, Small MJ, Summers PW, Olson MP, Borys RD. Trajectory analysis of source regions influencing the south Greenland Ice Sheet during the Dye 3 Gas and Aerosol Sampling Program. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90306-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Boutron CF, Ducroz FM, Görlach U, Jaffrezo JL, Davidson CI, Bolshov MA. Variations in heavy metal concentrations in fresh Greenland snow from January to August 1989. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90309-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Dibb JE, Jaffrezo JL. Beryllium-7 and lead-210 in aerosol and snow in the dye 3 gas, aerosol and snow sampling program. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90307-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Davidson C, Jaffrezo JL, Mosher B, Dibb J, Borys R, Bodhaine B, Rasmussen R, Boutron C, Ducroz F, Cachier M, Ducret J, Collin JL, Heidam N, Kemp K, Hillamos R. Chemical constituents in the air and snow at Dye 3, Greenland—II. Analysis of episodes in April 1989. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90305-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Size distributions of atmospheric trace elements at dye 3, Greenland — I. Distribution characteristics and dry deposition velocities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90311-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Jaffrezo JL, Davidson CI. The Dye 3 gas and aerosol sampling program (DGASP): An overview. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90303-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Davidson C, Jaffrezo JL, Mosher B, Dibb J, Borys R, Bodhaine B, Rasmussen R, Boutron C, Gorlach U, Cachier H, Ducret J, Colin JL, Heidam N, Kemp K, Hillamo R. Chemical constituents in the air and snow at Dye 3, Greenland—I. Seasonal variations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90304-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Introduction: The special issue of Atmospheric environment on arctic air, snow, and ice chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90302-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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