1
|
Chapin TK, Nightingale KK, Worobo RW, Wiedmann M, Strawn LK. Geographical and meteorological factors associated with isolation of Listeria species in New York State produce production and natural environments. J Food Prot 2014; 77:1919-28. [PMID: 25364926 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Listeria species have been isolated from diverse environments, often at considerable prevalence, and are known to persist in food processing facilities. The presence of Listeria spp. has been suggested to be a marker for Listeria monocytogenes contamination. Therefore, a study was conducted to (i) determine the prevalence and diversity of Listeria spp. in produce production and natural environments and (ii) identify geographical and/or meteorological factors that affect the isolation of Listeria spp. in these environments. These data were also used to evaluate Listeria spp. as index organisms for L. monocytogenes in produce production environments. Environmental samples collected from produce production (n = 588) and natural (n = 734) environments in New York State were microbiologically analyzed to detect and isolate Listeria spp. The prevalence of Listeria spp. was approximately 33 and 34% for samples obtained from natural environments and produce production, respectively. Co-isolation of L. monocytogenes and at least one other species of Listeria in a given sample was recorded for 3 and 9% of samples from natural environments and produce production, respectively. Soil moisture and proximity to water and pastures were highly associated with isolation of Listeria spp. in produce production environments, while elevation, study site, and proximity to pastures were highly associated with isolation of Listeria spp. in natural environments, as determined by randomForest models. These data show that Listeria spp. were prevalent in both agricultural and nonagricultural environments and that geographical and meteorological factors associated with isolation of Listeria spp. were considerably different between the two environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Travis K Chapin
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, 354 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA
| | - Kendra K Nightingale
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - Randy W Worobo
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, 354 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Martin Wiedmann
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, 354 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Laura K Strawn
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, 354 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Keeratipibul S, Techaruwichit P. Tracking sources of Listeria contamination in a cooked chicken meat factory by PCR-RAPD-based DNA fingerprinting. Food Control 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
3
|
The application of food safety interventions in primary production of beef and lamb: A review. Int J Food Microbiol 2010; 141 Suppl 1:S43-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Revised: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
4
|
Ivanek R, Gröhn YT, Wells MT, Lembo AJ, Sauders BD, Wiedmann M. Modeling of spatially referenced environmental and meteorological factors influencing the probability of Listeria species isolation from natural environments. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:5893-909. [PMID: 19648372 PMCID: PMC2747854 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02757-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2008] [Accepted: 07/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many pathogens have the ability to survive and multiply in abiotic environments, representing a possible reservoir and source of human and animal exposure. Our objective was to develop a methodological framework to study spatially explicit environmental and meteorological factors affecting the probability of pathogen isolation from a location. Isolation of Listeria spp. from the natural environment was used as a model system. Logistic regression and classification tree methods were applied, and their predictive performances were compared. Analyses revealed that precipitation and occurrence of alternating freezing and thawing temperatures prior to sample collection, loam soil, water storage to a soil depth of 50 cm, slope gradient, and cardinal direction to the north are key predictors for isolation of Listeria spp. from a spatial location. Different combinations of factors affected the probability of isolation of Listeria spp. from the soil, vegetation, and water layers of a location, indicating that the three layers represent different ecological niches for Listeria spp. The predictive power of classification trees was comparable to that of logistic regression. However, the former were easier to interpret, making them more appealing for field applications. Our study demonstrates how the analysis of a pathogen's spatial distribution improves understanding of the predictors of the pathogen's presence in a particular location and could be used to propose novel control strategies to reduce human and animal environmental exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Ivanek
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nero LA, de Mattos MR, Barros MDAF, Beloti V, Franco BDGDM. Interference of raw milk autochthonous microbiota on the performance of conventional methodologies for Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. detection. Microbiol Res 2009; 164:529-35. [PMID: 17720465 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2006] [Revised: 03/21/2007] [Accepted: 04/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Pathogen detection in foods by reliable methodologies is very important to guarantee microbiological safety. However, peculiar characteristics of certain foods, such as autochthonous microbiota, can directly influence pathogen development and detection. With the objective of verifying the performance of the official analytical methodologies for the isolation of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella in milk, different concentrations of these pathogens were inoculated in raw milk treatments with different levels of mesophilic aerobes, and then submitted to the traditional isolation procedures for the inoculated pathogens. Listeria monocytogenes was inoculated at the range of 0.2-5.2 log CFU/mL in treatments with 1.8-8.2 log CFU/mL. Salmonella Enteritidis was inoculated at 0.9-3.9 log CFU/mL in treatments with 3.0-8.2logCFU/mL. The results indicated that recovery was not possible or was more difficult in the treatments with high counts of mesophilic aerobes and low levels of the pathogens, indicating interference of raw milk autochthonous microbiota. This interference was more evident for L. monocytogenes, once the pathogen recovery was not possible in treatments with mesophilic aerobes up to 4.0 log CFU/mL and inoculum under 2.0 log CFU/mL. For S. Enteritidis the interference appeared to be more non-specific.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luís Augusto Nero
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Veterinária, Av. P.H. Rolfs s/n, Centro, 36570 000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Listeria monocytogenes: Occurrence in beef and identification of the main contamination points in processing plants. Meat Sci 2007; 76:591-6. [PMID: 22061233 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2006] [Revised: 01/18/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to establish the occurrence of Listeria spp., especially L. monocytogenes and its main serotypes, in beef and processing plants. A total of 443 samples were obtained from equipment, installations and products from 11 meat processing establishments from Paraná state, Brazil. All samples were analyzed using USDA methodology for Listeria spp. detection, followed by species identification. The occurrence of Listeria spp. in the samples was 38.1% of which 51.4% were from equipment, 35.4% from installations and 30.2% from products. The identified species were: L. monocytogenes (12.6%), L. innocua (78.4%), L. seeligeri (1.2%), L. welshimeri (7.2%) and L. grayi (0.6%). The identified serotypes of L. monocytogenes were 1/2a and 4b. The results demonstrate the significance of equipment and installations as sources of contamination by Listeria spp. and L. monocytogenes in the processing of beef and meat products.
Collapse
|
7
|
CATARAME T, O'HANLON K, MCDOWELL D, BLAIR I, DUFFY G. COMPARISON OF A REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION ASSAY WITH A CULTURE METHOD FOR THE DETECTION OF SALMONELLA IN RETAIL MEAT SAMPLES. J Food Saf 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2005.00025.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
8
|
Rijpens N, Herman L. Comparison of selective and nonselective primary enrichments for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes in cheese. Int J Food Microbiol 2004; 94:15-22. [PMID: 15172481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2003.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2003] [Revised: 09/28/2003] [Accepted: 10/10/2003] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A completely selective enrichment procedure was compared with two partially nonselective ones for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes in cheeses. After enrichment for approximately 48 h, the enrichment media were streaked on selective agars and presumptive Listeria colonies were confirmed using PCR. In some cases, PCR was also performed directly on the enrichment broth. The conventional, completely selective enrichment procedure was not always the best choice for the detection of stressed L. monocytogenes in cheeses. Especially in the case of semi-hard cheeses from pasteurized milk and soft cheeses of the blue veined and the red smear types, the methods that incorporated a nonselective enrichment step gave better results than the completely selective method. For mold ripened, soft cheeses, the results were highly dependent on the brand of cheese and time of sampling, but the best results were obtained using the completely selective enrichment procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Rijpens
- Department for Animal Product Quality, Agricultural Research Centre, Brusselsesteenweg 370, B-9090 Melle, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Beumer RR, Hazeleger WC. Listeria monocytogenes: diagnostic problems. FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2003; 35:191-7. [PMID: 12648836 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-8244(02)00444-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The first isolation methods for the detection of Listeria spp. were generally based on the direct culture of samples on simple agar media, but isolation of the pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes was difficult. In time, new techniques were developed, based on a variety of selective and elective agents in isolation and enrichment media, which gained better and quicker results. Current reference methods allow the recovery of L. monocytogenes from a variety of foods with relative ease. However, more comparative studies are needed to select one horizontal method. It is suggested that the procedure of the International Organization for Standardization is a good base for such comparisons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rijkelt R Beumer
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Autio T, Säteri T, Fredriksson-Ahomaa M, Rahkio M, Lundén J, Korkeala H. Listeria monocytogenes contamination pattern in pig slaughterhouses. J Food Prot 2000; 63:1438-42. [PMID: 11041148 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-63.10.1438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ten low-capacity slaughterhouses were examined for Listeria by collecting a total of 373 samples, of which 50, 250, and 73 were taken from carcasses, pluck sets, and the slaughterhouse environment, respectively. Six slaughterhouses and 9% of all samples were positive for Listeria monocytogenes. Of the samples taken from pluck sets, 9% were positive for L. monocytogenes, the highest prevalence occurring in tongue and tonsil samples, at 14% and 12%, respectively. Six of 50 (12%) carcasses were contaminated with L. monocytogenes. In the slaughterhouse environment, L. monocytogenes was detected in two, one, one, and one sample originating from the saws, drain, door, and table, respectively. Carcasses were contaminated with L. monocytogenes in those two slaughterhouses, where the mechanical saws, used for both brisket and back splitting, were also positive for L. monocytogenes. A total of 58 L. monocytogenes isolates were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing. The isolates were divided into 18 pulsotypes, 15 of which were detected in pluck sets. In two slaughterhouses, where the carcasses were contaminated with L. monocytogenes, the same pulsotypes were also recovered from splitting saws. In addition, identical pulsotypes were recovered from pluck sets. Our findings indicate that L. monocytogenes of tongue and tonsil origin may contaminate the slaughtering equipment that may in turn spread the pathogen to carcasses. Thus, it is of the utmost importance to follow good manufacturing practices and to have efficient cleaning and disinfection procedures to prevent equipment being contaminated with L. monocytogenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Autio
- Department of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cloak OM, Duffy G, Sheridan JJ, Blair IS, McDowell DA. Isolation and detection of Listeria spp, Salmonella spp and Yersinia spp using a simultaneous enrichment step followed by a surface adhesion immunofluorescent technique. J Microbiol Methods 1999; 39:33-43. [PMID: 10579505 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7012(99)00095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The use of a rapid surface adhesion immunofluorescent (SAIF) technique for the isolation of three pathogens using a single enrichment step from broth and enriched meat cultures was investigated. Buffered peptone water (BPW, 225 ml) was inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis and Yersinia enterocolitica to a level of 10 cfu ml(-1) and incubated overnight at 30 degrees C. Minced beef samples (25 g) were inoculated with the three pathogens to a level of 100 cfu g(-1) and incubated overnight at 30 degrees C in BPW (225 ml). Pathogens were isolated by surface adhesion to a polycarbonate membrane which was immersed in the enriched culture. The pathogens were detected using membrane counts (rinse and immunofluorescent) and standard plate counts. It was noted that the attachment of the three pathogens to the membrane was considerably enhanced when compared with single inoculum experiments and the reasons and implications of this for the rapid method are discussed. A small selection of naturally contaminated retail samples (n = 60) was tested for the presence of L. monocytogenes and S. enteritidis using a simultaneous enrichment step with SAIF detection and a standard cultural method of detection. A good correlation was found between both methods for L. monocytogenes (r2 = 0.91, RSD = 0.26) and S. enteritidis (r2 = 0.89, RSD = 0.28). This indicates that simultaneous analysis of these two pathogens could be carried out using the SAIF assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O M Cloak
- The National Food Centre, Castleknock, Dublin, Ireland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Prevalence of bacteria of public health significance in the cultured shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Food Microbiol 1998. [DOI: 10.1006/fmic.1998.0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
13
|
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is one of the leading foodborne pathogens and has been implicated in numerous outbreaks in the last 2 decades. Immunocompromised populations are usually the most susceptible to Listeria infections. Although the pathogenic mechanism is a complex process, significant progress has been made in unravelling the mechanism in recent years. It is now clear that numerous extracellular and cell-associated proteins, such as internalin, listeriolysin, actin polymerization protein, phospholipase, metalloprotease, and possibly p60 proteins, are essential for L. monocytogenes entry into mammalian cells, survival inside the phagosome, escape into the cytoplasm, and cell-to-cell spread. Other proteins may be responsible for growth and physiology or to maintain the structural integrity of the bacteria. Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies have been developed against many of those antigens or their synthetic derivatives that have helped greatly to determine the structure and function of these antigens. The antibodies were also used for the diagnosis and detection, immunocytochemical staining, and serotyping of Listeria. Humoral immune response to live L. monocytogenes cells was examined in naturally or experimentally infected hosts. Studies revealed that only extracellular antigens induced the humoral response, whereas cell-associated antigens had apparently no response. It is speculated that during the occasional bacteremic phase, L. monocytogenes releases extracellular antigens that are then processed by the immune system for antibody production. As L. monocytogenes is an intracellular pathogen, the cell-associated antigens are not persistent in the blood circulation and thus fail to stimulate the humoral immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Bhunia
- Department of Food Science and Animal Industries, Alabama A&M University, Huntsville 35762, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Coventry MJ, Wan J, Gordon JB, Mawson RF, Hickey MW. Production of brevicin 286 by Lactobacillus brevis VB286 and partial characterization. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1996; 80:91-8. [PMID: 8698657 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1996.tb03194.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Brevicin 286 was produced by Lactobacillus brevis VB286 isolated from vacuum-packaged meat and was partially purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation, gel filtration and dialysis. The bacteriocin was susceptible to proteolytic enzymes, stable to heating at 100 degrees C particularly under acidic against Listeria sp. Production of brevicin 286 was optimal during exponential growth at 20 degrees C. Higher rates of cell growth occurred between 30 and 37 degrees C but with little or no expression of brevicin 286. A food-grade formulation consisting of 4% yeast extract and 1% glucose was found to be adequate for optimal brevicin 286 production and the bacteriocin-containing culture supernate was successfully spray dried with full recovery of antibacterial activity in the resultant powder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Coventry
- Australian Food Industry Science Centre, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Coventry MJ, Muirhead K, Hickey MW. Partial characterisation of pediocin PO2 and comparison with nisin for biopreservation of meat products. Int J Food Microbiol 1995; 26:133-45. [PMID: 7577353 DOI: 10.1016/0168-1605(94)00102-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A plasmid associated bacteriocin (pediocin PO2) was isolated by ammonium sulphate precipitation from cell-free growth media and subsequent studies showed that the partially purified pediocin PO2 was most likely identical (molecular mass approximately 3200 daltons in size by SDS-PAGE, stable to low pH and heat at 121 degrees C for 15 min, inactivated by various proteolytic enzymes and resistant to treatment with a range of solvents, except 10% formaldehyde) to other pediocins (PA-1 and AcH) previously reported. The antagonistic spectrum of activity of pediocin PO2 was compared with nisin and showed a narrower host-range, but a much greater activity against Listeria species including strains of Listeria monocytogences, than did nisin. A rapid method of reflectance colorimetry was used to quantitate growth and acid production (as determined by the colour change in bromcresol purple) of Lactobacillus curvatus, added to a meat product model system. The combined effects of refrigeration temperature, microbial load and bacteriocin concentration were determined in the model over 15 days storage. Both nisin and pediocin demonstrated inhibitory activity against Lactobacillus curvatus in the model system. However, when bacteriocins were incorporated into a manufactured cooked meat product only low nisin activity and no pediocin activity was detected, after challenge of vacuum packaged slices of product with Lactobacillus curvatus, over a 21 day storage trial under refrigeration temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Coventry
- Australian Food Research Institute, Department of Agriculture, Minerals and Energy, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
DEVER FRANCESP, SCHAFFNER DONALDW, SLADE PETERJ. METHODS FOR THE DETECTION OF FOODBORNE LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES IN THE U.S. J Food Saf 1993. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4565.1993.tb00113.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
17
|
|
18
|
|