1
|
Malone LA, Proctor MS, Hitchcock A, Hunter CN, Johnson MP. Cytochrome b 6f - Orchestrator of photosynthetic electron transfer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2021; 1862:148380. [PMID: 33460588 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2021.148380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome b6f (cytb6f) lies at the heart of the light-dependent reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis, where it serves as a link between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) through the oxidation and reduction of the electron carriers plastoquinol (PQH2) and plastocyanin (Pc). A mechanism of electron bifurcation, known as the Q-cycle, couples electron transfer to the generation of a transmembrane proton gradient for ATP synthesis. Cytb6f catalyses the rate-limiting step in linear electron transfer (LET), is pivotal for cyclic electron transfer (CET) and plays a key role as a redox-sensing hub involved in the regulation of light-harvesting, electron transfer and photosynthetic gene expression. Together, these characteristics make cytb6f a judicious target for genetic manipulation to enhance photosynthetic yield, a strategy which already shows promise. In this review we will outline the structure and function of cytb6f with a particular focus on new insights provided by the recent high-resolution map of the complex from Spinach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorna A Malone
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Matthew S Proctor
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Andrew Hitchcock
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - C Neil Hunter
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Matthew P Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hepworth C, Wood WHJ, Emrich-Mills TZ, Proctor MS, Casson S, Johnson MP. Dynamic thylakoid stacking and state transitions work synergistically to avoid acceptor-side limitation of photosystem I. NATURE PLANTS 2021. [PMID: 33432159 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-00828-823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
TAP38/STN7-dependent (de)phosphorylation of light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) regulates the relative excitation rates of photosystems I and II (PSI, PSII) (state transitions) and the size of the thylakoid grana stacks (dynamic thylakoid stacking). Yet, it remains unclear how changing grana size benefits photosynthesis and whether these two regulatory mechanisms function independently. Here, by comparing Arabidopsis wild-type, stn7 and tap38 plants with the psal mutant, which undergoes dynamic thylakoid stacking but lacks state transitions, we explain their distinct roles. Under low light, smaller grana increase the rate of PSI reduction and photosynthesis by reducing the diffusion distance for plastoquinol; however, this beneficial effect is only apparent when PSI/PSII excitation balance is maintained by state transitions or far-red light. Under high light, the larger grana slow plastoquinol diffusion and lower the equilibrium constant between plastocyanin and PSI, maximizing photosynthesis by avoiding PSI photoinhibition. Loss of state transitions in low light or maintenance of smaller grana in high light also both bring about a decrease in cyclic electron transfer and over-reduction of the PSI acceptor side. These results demonstrate that state transitions and dynamic thylakoid stacking work synergistically to regulate photosynthesis in variable light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hepworth
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
| | - William H J Wood
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
| | - Tom Z Emrich-Mills
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
| | - Matthew S Proctor
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
| | - Stuart Casson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
| | - Matthew P Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hepworth C, Wood WHJ, Emrich-Mills TZ, Proctor MS, Casson S, Johnson MP. Dynamic thylakoid stacking and state transitions work synergistically to avoid acceptor-side limitation of photosystem I. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:87-98. [PMID: 33432159 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-00828-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
TAP38/STN7-dependent (de)phosphorylation of light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) regulates the relative excitation rates of photosystems I and II (PSI, PSII) (state transitions) and the size of the thylakoid grana stacks (dynamic thylakoid stacking). Yet, it remains unclear how changing grana size benefits photosynthesis and whether these two regulatory mechanisms function independently. Here, by comparing Arabidopsis wild-type, stn7 and tap38 plants with the psal mutant, which undergoes dynamic thylakoid stacking but lacks state transitions, we explain their distinct roles. Under low light, smaller grana increase the rate of PSI reduction and photosynthesis by reducing the diffusion distance for plastoquinol; however, this beneficial effect is only apparent when PSI/PSII excitation balance is maintained by state transitions or far-red light. Under high light, the larger grana slow plastoquinol diffusion and lower the equilibrium constant between plastocyanin and PSI, maximizing photosynthesis by avoiding PSI photoinhibition. Loss of state transitions in low light or maintenance of smaller grana in high light also both bring about a decrease in cyclic electron transfer and over-reduction of the PSI acceptor side. These results demonstrate that state transitions and dynamic thylakoid stacking work synergistically to regulate photosynthesis in variable light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hepworth
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
| | - William H J Wood
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
| | - Tom Z Emrich-Mills
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
| | - Matthew S Proctor
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
| | - Stuart Casson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
| | - Matthew P Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wood WHJ, Johnson MP. Modeling the Role of LHCII-LHCII, PSII-LHCII, and PSI-LHCII Interactions in State Transitions. Biophys J 2020; 119:287-299. [PMID: 32621865 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place in the plant chloroplast thylakoid membrane, a complex three-dimensional structure divided into the stacked grana and unstacked stromal lamellae domains. Plants regulate the macro-organization of photosynthetic complexes within the thylakoid membrane to adapt to changing environmental conditions and avoid oxidative stress. One such mechanism is the state transition that regulates photosynthetic light harvesting and electron transfer. State transitions are driven by changes in the phosphorylation of light harvesting complex II (LHCII), which cause a decrease in grana diameter and stacking, a decrease in energetic connectivity between photosystem II (PSII) reaction centers, and an increase in the relative LHCII antenna size of photosystem I (PSI) compared to PSII. Phosphorylation is believed to drive these changes by weakening the intramembrane lateral PSII-LHCII and LHCII-LHCII interactions and the intermembrane stacking interactions between these complexes, while simultaneously increasing the affinity of LHCII for PSI. We investigated the relative roles and contributions of these three types of interaction to state transitions using a lattice-based model of the thylakoid membrane based on existing structural data, developing a novel algorithm to simulate protein complex dynamics. Monte Carlo simulations revealed that state transitions are unlikely to lead to a large-scale migration of LHCII from the grana to the stromal lamellae. Instead, the increased light harvesting capacity of PSI is largely due to the more efficient recruitment of LHCII already residing in the stromal lamellae into PSI-LHCII supercomplexes upon its phosphorylation. Likewise, the increased light harvesting capacity of PSII upon dephosphorylation was found to be driven by a more efficient recruitment of LHCII already residing in the grana into functional PSII-LHCII clusters, primarily driven by lateral interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William H J Wood
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew P Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Luo F, Deng X, Liu Y, Yan Y. Identification of phosphorylation proteins in response to water deficit during wheat flag leaf and grain development. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2018; 59:28. [PMID: 30535879 PMCID: PMC6286713 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-018-0245-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) serves as important grain crop widely cultivated in the world, which is often suffered by drought stress in natural conditions. As one of the most important post translation modifications, protein phosphorylation widely participates in plant abiotic stress regulation. In this study, we performed the first comparative analysis of phosphorylated protein characterization in flag leaves and developing grains of elite Chinese bread wheat cultivar Zhongmai 175 under water deficit by combining with proteomic approach and Pro-Q Diamond gel staining. RESULTS Field experiment showed that water deficit caused significant reduction of plant height, tiller number, ear length and grain yield. 2-DE and Pro-Q Diamond gel staining analysis showed that 58 proteins were phosphorylated among 112 differentially accumulated proteins in response to water deficit, including 20 in the flag leaves and 38 in the developing grains. The phosphorylated proteins from flag leaves mainly involved in photosynthesis, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, while those from developing grains were closely related with detoxification and defense, protein, carbohydrate and energy metabolism. Particularly, water deficit resulted in significant downregulation of phosphorylated modification level in the flag leaves, which could affect photosynthesis and grain yield. However, some important phosphorylated proteins involved in stress defense, energy metabolism and starch biosynthesis were upregulated under water deficit, which could benefit drought tolerance, accelerate grain filling and shorten grain developing time. CONCLUSIONS The modification level of those identified proteins from flag leaves and grains had great changes when wheat was suffered from water deficit, indicating that phosphoproteins played a key role in response to drought stress. Our results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms how phosphoproteins respond to drought stress and thus reduce production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Luo
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiong Deng
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yue Liu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yueming Yan
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry (HCICGI), Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Puthiyaveetil S, Ibrahim IM, Allen JF. Oxidation-reduction signalling components in regulatory pathways of state transitions and photosystem stoichiometry adjustment in chloroplasts. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2012; 35:347-59. [PMID: 21554328 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02349.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
State transitions and photosystem stoichiometry adjustment are two oxidation-reduction (redox)-regulated acclimatory responses in photosynthesis. State transitions are short-term adaptations that, in chloroplasts, involve reversible post-translational modification by phosphorylation of light-harvesting complex II (LHC II). Photosystem stoichiometry adjustments are long-term responses involving transcriptional regulation of reaction centre genes. Both responses are initiated by changes in light quality and are regulated by the redox state of plastoquinone (PQ). The LHC II kinase involved in the state 2 transition is a serine/threonine kinase known as STT7 in Chlamydomonas, and as STN7 in Arabidopsis. The phospho-LHC II phosphatase that produces the state 1 transition is a PP2C-type protein phosphatase currently termed both TAP38 and PPH1. In plants and algae, photosystem stoichiometry adjustment is governed by a modified two-component sensor kinase of cyanobacterial origin - chloroplast sensor kinase (CSK). CSK is a sensor of the PQ redox state. Chloroplast sigma factor 1 (SIG1) and plastid transcription kinase (PTK) are the functional partners of CSK in chloroplast gene regulation. We suggest a signalling pathway for photosystem stoichiometry adjustment. The signalling pathways of state transitions and photosystem stoichiometry adjustments are proposed to be distinct, with the two pathways sensing PQ redox state independently of each other.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujith Puthiyaveetil
- Queen Mary, University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, London, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Allen JF, Santabarbara S, Allen CA, Puthiyaveetil S. Discrete redox signaling pathways regulate photosynthetic light-harvesting and chloroplast gene transcription. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26372. [PMID: 22039472 PMCID: PMC3198397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In photosynthesis in chloroplasts, two related regulatory processes balance the actions of photosystems I and II. These processes are short-term, post-translational redistribution of light-harvesting capacity, and long-term adjustment of photosystem stoichiometry initiated by control of chloroplast DNA transcription. Both responses are initiated by changes in the redox state of the electron carrier, plastoquinone, which connects the two photosystems. Chloroplast Sensor Kinase (CSK) is a regulator of transcription of chloroplast genes for reaction centres of the two photosystems, and a sensor of plastoquinone redox state. We asked whether CSK is also involved in regulation of absorbed light energy distribution by phosphorylation of light-harvesting complex II (LHC II). Chloroplast thylakoid membranes isolated from a CSK T-DNA insertion mutant and from wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana exhibit similar light- and redox-induced (32)P-labelling of LHC II and changes in 77 K chlorophyll fluorescence emission spectra, while room-temperature chlorophyll fluorescence emission transients from Arabidopsis leaves are perturbed by inactivation of CSK. The results indicate indirect, pleiotropic effects of reaction centre gene transcription on regulation of photosynthetic light-harvesting in vivo. A single, direct redox signal is transmitted separately to discrete transcriptional and post-translational branches of an integrated cytoplasmic regulatory system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John F Allen
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Puthiyaveetil S. A mechanism for regulation of chloroplast LHC II kinase by plastoquinol and thioredoxin. FEBS Lett 2011; 585:1717-21. [PMID: 21557941 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Revised: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
State transitions are acclimatory responses to changes in light quality in photosynthesis. They involve the redistribution of absorbed excitation energy between photosystems I and II. In plants and green algae, this redistribution is produced by reversible phosphorylation of the chloroplast light harvesting complex II (LHC II). The LHC II kinase is activated by reduced plastoquinone (PQ) in photosystem II-specific low light. In high light, when PQ is also reduced, LHC II kinase becomes inactivated by thioredoxin. Based on newly identified amino acid sequence features of LHC II kinase and other considerations, a mechanism is suggested for its redox regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujith Puthiyaveetil
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Debenhofer J, Huber R, Michel H. Die strukturelle Grundlage der Lichtreaktionen in Bakterien. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/nadc.19860340504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
10
|
Nandha B, Finazzi G, Joliot P, Hald S, Johnson GN. The role of PGR5 in the redox poising of photosynthetic electron transport. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2007; 1767:1252-9. [PMID: 17803955 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2007.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2007] [Revised: 07/11/2007] [Accepted: 07/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The pgr5 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana has been described as being deficient in cyclic electron flow around photosystem I, however, the precise role of the PGR5 protein remains unknown. To address this issue, photosynthetic electron transport was examined in intact leaves of pgr5 and wild type A. thaliana. Based on measurements of the kinetics of P700 oxidation in far red light and re-reduction following oxidation in the presence of DCMU, we conclude that this mutant is able to perform cyclic electron flow at a rate similar to the wild type. The PGR5 protein is therefore not essential for cyclic flow. However, cyclic flow is affected by the pgr5 mutation under conditions where this process is normally enhanced in wild type leaves, i.e. high light or low CO(2) concentrations resulted in enhancement of cyclic electron flow. This suggests a different capacity to regulate cyclic flow in response to environmental stimuli in the mutant. We also show that the pgr5 mutant is affected in the redox poising of the chloroplast, with the electron transport chain being substantially reduced under most conditions. This may result in defective feedback regulation of photosynthetic electron transport under some conditions, thus providing a rationale for the reduced efficiency of cyclic electron flow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beena Nandha
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, 3.614 Stopford Building Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Allen JF, Holmes NG. A general model for regulation of photosynthetic unit function by protein phosphorylation. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(86)80682-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
12
|
Allen J. Photosynthesis and phosphorylation of light-harvesting chlorophylla/b-protein in intact chloroplasts. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(84)80087-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
13
|
Correlation of membrane protein phosphorylation with excitation energy distribution in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus
6301. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(85)80167-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
14
|
Allen JF, Forsberg J. Molecular recognition in thylakoid structure and function. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2001; 6:317-26. [PMID: 11435171 DOI: 10.1016/s1360-1385(01)02010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In photosynthesis, light-harvesting chlorophyll molecules are shunted between photosystems by phosphorylation of the protein to which they are bound. An anchor for the phosphorylated chlorophyll-protein complex has now been identified in the reaction centre of chloroplast photosystem I. This finding supports the idea that molecular recognition, not membrane surface charge, governs the architecture of the chloroplast thylakoid membrane. We describe a model for the chloroplast thylakoid membrane that is consistent with recent structural data that specify the relative dimensions of intrinsic protein complexes and their dispositions within the membrane. Control of molecular recognition accommodates membrane stacking, lateral heterogeneity and regulation of light-harvesting function by means of protein phosphorylation during state transitions--adaptations that compensate for selective excitation of photosystem I or photosystem II. High-resolution structural description of membrane protein-protein interactions is now required to understand thylakoid structure and regulation of photosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J F Allen
- Plant Biochemistry, Lund University, Box 117, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Allen JF. Protein phosphorylation in regulation of photosynthesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1992; 1098:275-335. [PMID: 1310622 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(09)91014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 498] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J F Allen
- Department of Biology, University of Oslo, Blindern, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Phosphorylation of light-harvesting antenna proteins redirects absorbed light energy between reaction centres of photosynthetic membranes. A generally accepted explanation for this is that electrostatic forces drive the more negatively charged, phosphorylated antenna proteins between membrane domains that differ in surface charge. However, structural studies on soluble phosphoproteins indicate that phosphorylated amino acid side chains have specific effects on molecular recognition, by ligand blocking or by intramolecular interactions which alter protein structure. These studies suggest alternative mechanisms for phosphorylation in control of pairwise protein-protein interactions in biological membranes. Thus, in photosynthesis, the surface charge model is only one possible interpretation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J F Allen
- Department of Biology, University of Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Allen JF, Harrison MA, Holmes NG. Protein phosphorylation and control of excitation energy transfer in photosynthetic purple bacteria and cyanobacteria. Biochimie 1989; 71:1021-8. [PMID: 2512993 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9084(89)90106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The function of phosphorylation of light-harvesting polypeptides is well characterised in chloroplasts of green plants, but the prokaryotic cyanobacteria and purple photosynthetic bacteria have quite different light-harvesting polypeptides whose structure and function cannot be controlled in precisely the same way. Nevertheless, cyanobacteria show light-dependent phosphorylation of membrane polypeptides associated with photosystem II and with the light-harvesting phycobilisome, and purple bacteria show light-dependent phosphorylation of low molecular-weight chromatophore membrane polypeptides. In both cases membrane protein phosphorylation is associated with functional changes observed by chlorophyll fluorescence spectroscopy or chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics. Here we report on our recent protein sequence and other data concerning the identities of these phosphoproteins. We also discuss the significance of these findings for regulation by protein phosphorylation of photosynthesis in prokaryotes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J F Allen
- Department of Pure and Applied Biology, University of Leeds, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sanders CE, Allen JF. Effects of divalent cations on 77 K fluorescence emission and on membrane protein phosphorylation in isolated thylakoids of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus 6301. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(88)90123-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
19
|
Allen JF, Melis A. The rate of P-700 photooxidation under continuous illumination is independent of State 1-State 2 transitions in the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(88)90059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
20
|
Furbank RT, Horton P. Regulation of photosynthesis in isolated barley protoplasts: the contribution of cyclic photophosphorylation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(87)90203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
21
|
Ferguson SJ. Denitrification: a question of the control and organization of electron and ion transport. Trends Biochem Sci 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0968-0004(87)90164-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
22
|
|
23
|
Barber J. Regulation of energy transfer by cations and protein phosphorylation in relation to thylakoid membrane organisation. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1986; 10:243-253. [PMID: 24435371 DOI: 10.1007/bf00118289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A brief review is given of the state of knowledge which indicates that the State I-State II transition in higher plants and green algae is due to the reversible phosphorylation of the chlorophyll a/b light harvesting complex. The importance of membrane reorganisational changes in this process is discussed in terms of changes in electrostatic parameters as emphasised by the interplay of the effect of phosphorylation and the background levels of cations surrounding the membrane. It is argued that recognition of this interplay is vital when using the bipartite or tripartite models of Butler to obtain quantitative information of energy transfer between the various pigment complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Barber
- Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Imperial College of Science and Technology, Prince Consort Road, SW7 2BB, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Deisenhofer J, Michel H, Huber R. The structural basis of photosynthetic light reactions in bacteria. Trends Biochem Sci 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0968-0004(85)90143-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
25
|
|
26
|
Weis E. Light- and temperature-induced changes in the distribution of excitation energy between Photosystem I and Photosystem II in spinach leaves. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(85)90114-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
27
|
Hellingwerf KJ, Konings WN. The energy flow in bacteria: the main free energy intermediates and their regulatory role. Adv Microb Physiol 1985; 26:125-54. [PMID: 3913291 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2911(08)60396-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
28
|
|