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Ren H, Gong X, Zhou L, Wang P, Cao Y. Recent progresses in analytical method development for 210Pb in environmental and biological samples. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:31664-31678. [PMID: 38649600 PMCID: PMC11133052 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
As a decay product of uranium series, 210Pb spreads widely in the nature and imposes strong radiological and chemical toxicity. It is vital to establish reliable and efficient radioanalytical methods for 210Pb determination to support environment and food radioactivity monitoring programs. This article critically reviews analytical methods developed for determining 210Pb in environmental and biological samples, especially new development in recent years. Techniques applied throughout different analytical steps including sample pretreatment, separation, purification, and detection are summarized and their pros and cons are discussed to provide a holistic overview for 210Pb environmental and biological assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ren
- Department of Occupational Health and Radiation Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Xinyu Gong
- Department of Occupational Health and Radiation Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310051, China
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health and Radiation Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Radiation Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Yiyao Cao
- Department of Occupational Health and Radiation Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310051, China.
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Determination of 210Pb by measurement of 210Pb and its progenies using a liquid scintillation counter. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06919-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Schwing PT, Brooks GR, Larson RA, Holmes CW, O'Malley BJ, Hollander DJ. Constraining the Spatial Extent of Marine Oil Snow Sedimentation and Flocculent Accumulation Following the Deepwater Horizon Event Using an Excess 210Pb Flux Approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:5962-5968. [PMID: 28502163 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Following the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) event in 2010, there were several lines of evidence indicating the presence of marine oil snow sedimentation and flocculent accumulation (MOSSFA). A significant amount of marine oil snow formed in the water column of the northern Gulf of Mexico (nGoM), settled rapidly, and ultimately accumulated in the sediments of the nGoM. This study utilized a commonly used radioisotope tracer (excess 210Pb, 210Pbxs) from 32 sediment cores collected from 2010 to 2013 to characterize the spatial extent of MOSSFA on the seafloor. Relative to pre-DWH conditions, an increase in 210Pbxs flux occurred in two distinct regions: (1) in the western portion of the study area on an east-northeast to west-southwest axis, stretching 230 km southwest and 140 km northeast of the DWH wellhead, and (2) in the eastern portion of the study area on a 70 km northeast to southwest axis near the DeSoto Canyon. The total sedimentary spatial extent of MOSSFA, as calculated by increased 210Pbxs flux after 2010, ranged from 12 805 to 35 425 km2. 210Pbxs flux provides a valuable tool for documenting the spatial extent of MOSSFA following DWH and will continue to aid in the determination of advective transport and ultimate depocenters of MOSSFA material.
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Affiliation(s)
- P T Schwing
- University of South Florida , College of Marine Science, 140 7th Avenue South, Saint Petersburg, Florida 33701, United States
| | - G R Brooks
- Eckerd College , 4200 54th Avenue South, Saint Petersburg, Florida 33711, United States
| | - R A Larson
- University of South Florida , College of Marine Science, 140 7th Avenue South, Saint Petersburg, Florida 33701, United States
- Eckerd College , 4200 54th Avenue South, Saint Petersburg, Florida 33711, United States
| | - C W Holmes
- Environchron , 3988 Emerald Chase Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32308, United States
| | - B J O'Malley
- University of South Florida , College of Marine Science, 140 7th Avenue South, Saint Petersburg, Florida 33701, United States
| | - D J Hollander
- University of South Florida , College of Marine Science, 140 7th Avenue South, Saint Petersburg, Florida 33701, United States
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Reading DG, Croudace IW, Warwick PE, Britton R. A rapid dissolution procedure to aid initial nuclear forensics investigations of chemically refractory compounds and particles prior to gamma spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 900:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Brooks GR, Larson RA, Schwing PT, Romero I, Moore C, Reichart GJ, Jilbert T, Chanton JP, Hastings DW, Overholt WA, Marks KP, Kostka JE, Holmes CW, Hollander D. Sedimentation Pulse in the NE Gulf of Mexico following the 2010 DWH Blowout. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132341. [PMID: 26172639 PMCID: PMC4501746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil discharge at the seafloor as recorded in bottom sediments of the DeSoto Canyon region in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Through a close coupling of sedimentological, geochemical, and biological approaches, multiple independent lines of evidence from 11 sites sampled in November/December 2010 revealed that the upper ~1 cm depth interval is distinct from underlying sediments and results indicate that particles originated at the sea surface. Consistent dissimilarities in grain size over the surficial ~1 cm of sediments correspond to excess 234Th depths, which indicates a lack of vertical mixing (bioturbation), suggesting the entire layer was deposited within a 4–5 month period. Further, a time series from four deep-sea sites sampled up to three additional times over the following two years revealed that excess 234Th depths, accumulation rates, and 234Th inventories decreased rapidly, within a few to several months after initial coring. The interpretation of a rapid sedimentation pulse is corroborated by stratification in solid phase Mn, which is linked to diagenesis and redox change, and the dramatic decrease in benthic formanifera density that was recorded in surficial sediments. Results are consistent with a brief depositional pulse that was also reported in previous studies of sediments, and marine snow formation in surface waters closer to the wellhead during the summer and fall of 2010. Although sediment input from the Mississippi River and advective transport may influence sedimentation on the seafloor in the DeSoto Canyon region, we conclude based on multidisciplinary evidence that the sedimentation pulse in late 2010 is the product of marine snow formation and is likely linked to the DWH discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg R. Brooks
- Department of Marine Science, Eckerd College, Saint Petersburg, FL, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GB)
| | - Rebekka A. Larson
- Department of Marine Science, Eckerd College, Saint Petersburg, FL, United States of America
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, Saint Petersburg, FL, United States of America
| | - Patrick T. Schwing
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, Saint Petersburg, FL, United States of America
| | - Isabel Romero
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, Saint Petersburg, FL, United States of America
| | - Christopher Moore
- Department of Marine Science, Eckerd College, Saint Petersburg, FL, United States of America
| | - Gert-Jan Reichart
- Department of Earth Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Marine Geology Department, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Jilbert
- Department of Earth Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeff P. Chanton
- Department of Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States of America
| | - David W. Hastings
- Department of Marine Science, Eckerd College, Saint Petersburg, FL, United States of America
| | - Will A. Overholt
- Schools of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 310 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332–0230, United States of America
| | - Kala P. Marks
- Schools of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 310 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332–0230, United States of America
| | - Joel E. Kostka
- Schools of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 310 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332–0230, United States of America
- Schools of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 310 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332–0230, United States of America
| | - Charles W. Holmes
- Environchron, 9103 64th Ave. E., Bradenton, FL, United States of America
| | - David Hollander
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, Saint Petersburg, FL, United States of America
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Gamma-ray spectrometry for the self-attenuation correction factor of the sand samples from Antalya in Turkey. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3145-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Evaluation of Compton scattering and self-attenuation coefficient after γ-ray analysis of naturally occurring radioactive elements in environmental samples. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-007-1126-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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El Mamoney MH, Khater AEM. Environmental characterization and radio-ecological impacts of non-nuclear industries on the Red Sea coast. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2004; 73:151-168. [PMID: 15023445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2003.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2003] [Revised: 07/01/2003] [Accepted: 08/23/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The Red Sea is a deep semi-enclosed and narrow basin connected to the Indian Ocean by a narrow sill in the south and to the Suez Canal in the north. Oil industries in the Gulf of Suez, phosphate ore mining activities in Safaga-Quseir region and intensified navigation activities are non-nuclear pollution sources that could have serious radiological impacts on the marine environment and the coastal ecosystems of the Red Sea. It is essential to establish the radiological base-line data, which does not exist yet, and to investigate the present radio-ecological impact of the non-nuclear industries to preserve and protect the coastal environment of the Red Sea. Some natural and man-made radionuclides have been measured in shore sediment samples collected from the Egyptian coast of the Red Sea. The specific activities of 226Ra and 210Pb (238U) series, 232Th series, 40K and 137Cs (Bq/kg dry weight) were measured using gamma ray spectrometers based on hyper-pure germanium detectors. The specific activities of 210Po (210Pb) and uranium isotopes (238U, 235U and 234U) (Bq/kg dry weight) were measured using alpha spectrometers based on surface barrier (PIPS) detectors after radiochemical separation. The absorbed radiation dose rates in air (nGy/h) due to natural radionuclides in shore sediment and radium equivalent activity index (Bq/kg) were calculated. The specific activity ratios of 228Ra/226Ra, 210Pb/226Ra, 226Ra/238U and 234U/238U were calculated for evaluation of the geo-chemical behaviour of these radionuclides. The average specific activity of 226Ra (238U) series, 232Th series, 40K and 210Pb were 24.7, 31.4, 427.5 and 25.6 Bq/kg, respectively. The concentration of 137Cs in the sediment samples was less than the lower limit of detection. The Red Sea coast is an arid region with very low rainfall and the sediment is mainly composed of sand. The specific activity of 238U, 235U and 234U were 25.3, 2.9 and 25.0 Bq/kg. The average specific activity ratios of 226Ra/228Ra, 210Pb/226Ra and 234U/238U were 1.67, 1.22 and 1.0, respectively. The relationship between 226Ra/228Ra activity ratio and sample locations along the coastal shoreline indicates the increase of this ratio in the direction of the Shuqeir in the north and Safaga in the south where the oil exploration and phosphate mining activities are located. These activities may contribute a high flux of 226Ra. The concentration and distribution pattern of 226Ra in sediment can be used to trace the radiological impact of the non-nuclear industries on the Red Sea coast.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H El Mamoney
- National Institute of Oceanography & Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt
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Kaste JM, Friedland AJ, Stürup S. Using stable and radioactive isotopes to trace atmospherically deposited Pb in montane forest soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2003; 37:3560-3567. [PMID: 12953866 DOI: 10.1021/es026372k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric deposition of lead (Pb) throughout the 1900s resulted in elevated amounts of this toxic metal even in remote forest soils of the northeastern United States. Soils can act as a net sink for metals and thus minimize groundwater and surface water contamination. Recent studies utilizing forest floor temporal data and models of total Pb in precipitation, surface soils, and streams have estimated the time scale of Pb release from soils. However, due to the limited availability and spatial variability of forest floor survey data, other methods for quantifying anthropogenic Pb movement are needed. This study uses the isotopic composition (206Pb/207Pb) of soil Pb and measurements of 210Pb and 226Ra to directly trace the transit of atmospherically deposited Pb in the soil profile. We also report on the recovery of an enriched 207Pb dose applied in 1984 to the surface of a soil plot in the coniferous forest at Camels Hump in Vermont. The isotopic composition of soil Pb in low elevation deciduous forests suggests that approximately 65% of the original atmospheric Pb load has migrated from the forest floor to the upper 10 cm of the mineral soil. Higher elevation sites with coniferous vegetation have thicker forest floors, which have prevented significant amounts of Pb from entering the mineral soil. After 17 years, the soil organic horizon in the coniferous zone prevented any penetration of the applied Pb into the mineral soil. Using 210Pb budgets in different soil compartments, we determine forest floor response times for atmospherically delivered Pb to be approximately 60 years in the low elevation deciduous forest zone and 150 years for the high elevation spruce-fir forest zone at Camels Hump. According to its distribution in the soil profile, we conclude that a dispersed release of anthropogenic Pb to groundwater and surface water is possible this century. Our results also offer independent confirmation of Pb deposition models previously generated for the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Kaste
- Department of Earth Sciences, Environmental Studies Program, 6105 Fairchild, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
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Hasan M, Bódizs D, Czifrus S. A simplified technique to determine the self-absorption correction for sediment samples. Appl Radiat Isot 2002; 57:915-8. [PMID: 12406637 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8043(02)00169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A self-absorption correction factor is required for the determination of the radioactive isotope concentration in sediment samples at the low-energy region. A simplified technique for this correction factor for a well-type HP germanium detector is described. This correction is especially important when the ratio between the sample density and reference sample density (rho(sa.)/rho(re)) is greater than approximately 1.4.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hasan
- Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, PO Box 6091, Damascus, Syria
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