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Yim JJ, Kang GH, Heo DS, Kim NK. A Spindle Cell Tumor of Unknown Origin and Diffuse Bone Marrow Involvement in a Patient with Hypercalcemia. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 85:526-9. [PMID: 10774580 DOI: 10.1177/030089169908500621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Metastasis of unknown origin in bone marrow is infrequent, although, when it occurs, adenocarcinoma is the most common histologic type. Involvement of bone marrow by a spindle cell tumor and presentation with hypercalcemia are very rare. Method This report describes a 21-year-old man with diffuse bone marrow involvement from a spindle cell tumor. Results The patient presented with low back pain, anemia, thrombocytopenia, azotemia, and hypercalcemia. Bone marrow biopsy revealed a spindle cell tumor that was positive for vimentin staining but whose primary site could not be identified. A bone marrow scan revealed absence of uptake, which suggested systemic disease. We treated this case as a type of sarcoma by giving combined chemotherapy consisting of vincristine, actinomycin-D and cyclophosphamide. The patient showed a clinical response for seven months, but the disease progressed despite chemotherapy and he died one year after diagnosis. Conclusions We have documented a rare case of spindle cell tumor involving bone marrow without evidence of the tumor's primary site.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Yim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
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Jeong S, Park JY, Cha MG, Chang H, Kim YI, Kim HM, Jun BH, Lee DS, Lee YS, Jeong JM, Lee YS, Jeong DH. Highly robust and optimized conjugation of antibodies to nanoparticles using quantitatively validated protocols. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:2548-2555. [PMID: 28150822 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr04683e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted great attention in diagnostic and therapeutic applications due to their high sensitivity and specificity for biotargets, as well as their wide applicability. Unfortunately, these features are significantly affected by antibody conjugation methods in terms of conjugation efficiency, orientation of the target binding site in the antibody, and denaturation during chemical conjugation reactions. Furthermore, the number of conjugated antibodies on each NP and the overall targeting efficacy are critical factors for a quantitative bioassay with antibody-conjugated NPs. Herein, we report a versatile and oriented antibody conjugation method using copper-free click chemistry. Moreover, the number of conjugated antibodies and their binding capacity were quantitatively and experimentally evaluated using fluorescently-labeled antibodies and antigens. The strong binding capability of antibody-conjugated NPs prepared using the copper-free click chemistry-based conjugation strategy was 8 times superior to the binding capability seen following the use of the EDC/NHS-coupling method. Additionally, the versatility of the developed antibody conjugation method was also demonstrated by conjugation of the antibody to three kinds of silica-encapsulated NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinyoung Jeong
- Department of Chemistry Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Ji Yong Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea. and Major in Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Myeong Geun Cha
- Department of Chemistry Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Hyejin Chang
- Department of Chemistry Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Yong-Il Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Hyung-Mo Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Bong-Hyun Jun
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Dong Soo Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea. and Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yoon-Sik Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jae Min Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Yun-Sang Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea. and Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Dae Hong Jeong
- Department of Chemistry Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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Yi K, Chung J, Kim H, Kim I, Jung H, Kim J, Choi I, Suh P, Chung H. Expression and characterization of anti-NCA-95 scFv (CEA 79 scFv) in a prokaryotic expression vector modified to contain a Sfi I and Not I site. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 1999; 18:243-9. [PMID: 10475238 DOI: 10.1089/027245799315899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The CEA 79 antibody has been used in bone marrow scintigraphy for the differential diagnosis of skeletal tumors and the evaluation of the bone marrow status of patients with various hematological disorders. The specific localization of radio-labeled CEA 79 antibody in bone marrow depends on its reactivity with NCA-95 (nonspecific cross-reacting antigen-95) present on the surface and in the cytosol of human granulocytes and myelopoietic cells. To make a CEA 79 scFv molecule that would be less immunogenic and more penetrating than the intact mouse immunoglobulin, we constructed a pRSET Sfi I/Not I expression vector. The scFv gene was then excised from a pCANTAB 5 E phage display vector by digestion with Sfi I and Not I and inserted into the pRSET Sfi I/Not I expression vector. Upon transformation of a BL21(DE3)pLysS strain of E. coli, CEA 79 scFv became expressed in inclusion bodies requiring a renaturation process for solubilization. The final yield of CEA 79 scFv was 5 mg per a liter of culture. The refolded CEA 79 scFv exhibited an affinity (Kd = 2.1 x 10(-9) M) equivalent to that of the original CEA 79 antibody (K(d) = 3.3 x 10(-9) M) and the same immunoreactivity to CEA and NCA-95 in Western blots and in immunohistochemical staining experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yi
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Korea
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