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Rosenow F, Akamatsu N, Bast T, Bauer S, Baumgartner C, Benbadis S, Bermeo-Ovalle A, Beyenburg S, Bleasel A, Bozorgi A, Brázdil M, Carreño M, Delanty N, Devereaux M, Duncan J, Fernandez-Baca Vaca G, Francione S, García Losarcos N, Ghanma L, Gil-Nagel A, Hamer H, Holthausen H, Omidi SJ, Kahane P, Kalamangalam G, Kanner A, Knake S, Kovac S, Krakow K, Krämer G, Kurlemann G, Lacuey N, Landazuri P, Lim SH, Londoño LV, LoRusso G, Luders H, Mani J, Matsumoto R, Miller J, Noachtar S, O'Dwyer R, Palmini A, Park J, Reif PS, Remi J, Sakamoto AC, Schmitz B, Schubert-Bast S, Schuele S, Shahid A, Steinhoff B, Strzelczyk A, Szabo CA, Tandon N, Terada K, Toledo M, van Emde Boas W, Walker M, Widdess-Walsh P. Could the 2017 ILAE and the four-dimensional epilepsy classifications be merged to a new "Integrated Epilepsy Classification"? Seizure 2020; 78:31-37. [PMID: 32155575 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2020.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades the ILAE classifications for seizures and epilepsies (ILAE-EC) have been updated repeatedly to reflect the substantial progress that has been made in diagnosis and understanding of the etiology of epilepsies and seizures and to correct some of the shortcomings of the terminology used by the original taxonomy from the 1980s. However, these proposals have not been universally accepted or used in routine clinical practice. During the same period, a separate classification known as the "Four-dimensional epilepsy classification" (4D-EC) was developed which includes a seizure classification based exclusively on ictal symptomatology, which has been tested and adapted over the years. The extensive arguments for and against these two classification systems made in the past have mainly focused on the shortcomings of each system, presuming that they are incompatible. As a further more detailed discussion of the differences seemed relatively unproductive, we here review and assess the concordance between these two approaches that has evolved over time, to consider whether a classification incorporating the best aspects of the two approaches is feasible. To facilitate further discussion in this direction we outline a concrete proposal showing how such a compromise could be accomplished, the "Integrated Epilepsy Classification". This consists of five categories derived to different degrees from both of the classification systems: 1) a "Headline" summarizing localization and etiology for the less specialized users, 2) "Seizure type(s)", 3) "Epilepsy type" (focal, generalized or unknown allowing to add the epilepsy syndrome if available), 4) "Etiology", and 5) "Comorbidities & patient preferences".
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Rosenow
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Hospital Frankfurt and Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Naoki Akamatsu
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Thomas Bast
- Epilepsy Center Kork, Kehl, Germany; Medical Faculty of the University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bauer
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Hospital Frankfurt and Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christoph Baumgartner
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital Hietzing with Neurological Center Rosenhuegel, Karl Landsteiner Institute for Clinical Epilepsy Research and Cognitive Neurology, Medical Faculty, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Selim Benbadis
- University of South Florida and Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Adriana Bermeo-Ovalle
- Rush University Medical Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, Section of Epilepsy, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stefan Beyenburg
- Département des Neurosciences, Service de Neurologie Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Andrew Bleasel
- University of Sydney, Westmead Clinical School, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Milan Brázdil
- Brno Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mar Carreño
- Epilepsy Unit, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Norman Delanty
- Department of Neurology, Beaumont Hospital, and FutureNeuro Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Devereaux
- Epilepsy Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - John Duncan
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Stefano Francione
- "Claudio Munari" Epilepsy Surgery Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Lauren Ghanma
- Epilepsy Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Hajo Hamer
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Shirin Jamal Omidi
- Neurology Department, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Philippe Kahane
- Neurology Department, Grenoble-Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Giri Kalamangalam
- University of Florida, Department of Neurology, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Andrés Kanner
- University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Susanne Knake
- Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stjepana Kovac
- of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Karsten Krakow
- Asklepios Hospital for Neurology Falkenstein, Koenigstein-Falkenstein, Germany
| | | | | | - Nuria Lacuey
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patrick Landazuri
- Epilepsy Division, Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA
| | - Shi Hui Lim
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore and Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | | | - Giorgio LoRusso
- "Claudio Munari" Epilepsy Surgery Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
| | - Hans Luders
- Epilepsy Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jayanti Mani
- Department of Brain and Nervous System, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Riki Matsumoto
- Division of Neurology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Jonathan Miller
- Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Soheyl Noachtar
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University of Munich Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Rebecca O'Dwyer
- Epilepsy Section, Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - André Palmini
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS); Porto Alegre Epilepsy Surgery Program, Hospital São Lucas da PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jun Park
- Epilepsy Center, UH Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Philipp S Reif
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Hospital Frankfurt and Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jan Remi
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University of Munich Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Americo C Sakamoto
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Bettina Schmitz
- Department of Neurology, Vivantes Humboldt-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Schubert-Bast
- Epilepsy Center, Department Neuropediatrics and Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, University Children's Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stephan Schuele
- Epilepsy Center, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine; Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Asim Shahid
- Epilepsy Center, UH Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Bernhard Steinhoff
- Epilepsy Center Kork, Kehl, Germany; Medical Faculty of the University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Adam Strzelczyk
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Hospital Frankfurt and Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C Akos Szabo
- South Texas Comprehensive Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Nitin Tandon
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health, Texas Epilepsy Neurotechnologies and Neuroinformatics Institute, UT Health, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kiyohito Terada
- Department of Neurology, Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Manuel Toledo
- Epilepsy Unit, Vall dHebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Walter van Emde Boas
- Formerly Department EEG & EMU, Dutch Epilepsy Clinics Foundation SEIN, Heemstede & Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew Walker
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Widdess-Walsh
- Department of Neurology, Beaumont Hospital, and FutureNeuro Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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Lüders H, Akamatsu N, Amina S, Baumgartner C, Benbadis S, Bermeo‐Ovalle A, Bleasel A, Bozorgi A, Carreño M, Devereaux M, Fernandez‐Baca Vaca G, Francione S, García Losarcos N, Hamer H, Holthausen H, Jamal Omidi S, Kalamangalam G, Kanner A, Knake S, Lacuey N, Lhatoo S, Lim S, Mani J, Matsumoto R, Miller J, Noachtar S, Palmini A, Park J, Rosenow F, Shahid A, Schuele S, Steinhoff B, Szabo CÁ, Tandon N, Terada K, Van Emde Boas W, Widdess‐Walsh P, Kahane P. Critique of the 2017 epileptic seizure and epilepsy classifications. Epilepsia 2019; 60:1032-1039. [DOI: 10.1111/epi.14699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Lüders
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland Ohio
| | - Naoki Akamatsu
- Department of NeurologyInternational University of Health and Welfare School of Medicine Narita Japan
| | - Shahram Amina
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland Ohio
| | - Christoph Baumgartner
- Department of NeurologyRosenhügel Neurological Center, Hietzing General Hospital Vienna Austria
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for Clinical Epilepsy Research and Cognitive NeurologyMedical FacultySigmund Freud University Vienna Austria
| | - Selim Benbadis
- Departments of Neurology and NeurosurgeryUniversity of South Florida Tampa Florida
| | | | - Andrew Bleasel
- Department of NeurologyWestmead HospitalUniversity of Sydney Westmead New South Wales Australia
| | - Alireza Bozorgi
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland Ohio
| | - Mar Carreño
- Epilepsy UnitClinical Hospital Barcelona Spain
| | - Michael Devereaux
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland Ohio
| | | | | | | | - Hajo Hamer
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Erlangen Erlangen Germany
| | - Hans Holthausen
- Neuropediatric Clinic and Clinic for NeurorehabilitationEpilepsy Center for Children and AdolescentsSchoen Clinic Vogtareuth Germany
| | - Shirin Jamal Omidi
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland Ohio
| | | | - Andrés Kanner
- Comprehensive Epilepsy CenterMiller School of MedicineUniversity of Miami Miami Florida
| | - Susanne Knake
- Department of NeurologyMarburg University Hospital Marburg Germany
| | - Nuria Lacuey
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland Ohio
| | - Samden Lhatoo
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland Ohio
| | - Shih‐Hui Lim
- Department of NeurologyNational Neuroscience Institute Singapore City Singapore
| | - Jayanthi Mani
- Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital and Research Center Mumbai India
| | - Riki Matsumoto
- Department of NeurologyKyoto University Hospital Kyoto Japan
| | - Jonathan Miller
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland Ohio
| | - Soheyl Noachtar
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Munich HospitalLudwig Maximilian University Munich Germany
| | - André Palmini
- Neurology Service and Epilepsy Surgery Program, School of MedicinePontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Jun Park
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland Ohio
| | - Felix Rosenow
- Neurology and Neurosurgery CenterFrankfurt University HospitalGoethe University Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Asim Shahid
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland Ohio
| | - Stephan Schuele
- Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern University Chicago Illinois
| | | | - Charles Ákos Szabo
- Department of NeurologyHealth Science CenterUniversity of Texas San Antonio Texas
| | - Nitin Tandon
- Department of NeurosurgeryMemorial Hermann Texas Medical Center Houston Texas
| | - Kiyohito Terada
- Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders Shizuoka Japan
| | - Walter Van Emde Boas
- Department of Clinical NeurophysiologyEpilepsy Institutions Netherlands Foundation Hoofddorp The Netherlands
| | | | - Philippe Kahane
- Neurology Department and Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, National Institute of Health and Medical Research U‐1216Grenoble Alpes University Hospital Grenoble France
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