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Hoobler EK, Rai G, Warrilow AGS, Perry SC, Smyrniotis CJ, Jadhav A, Simeonov A, Parker JE, Kelly DE, Maloney DJ, Kelly SL, Holman TR. Discovery of a novel dual fungal CYP51/human 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor: implications for anti-fungal therapy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65928. [PMID: 23826084 PMCID: PMC3691235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the discovery of a novel dual inhibitor targeting fungal sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51 or Erg11) and human 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) with improved potency against 5-LOX due to its reduction of the iron center by its phenylenediamine core. A series of potent 5-LOX inhibitors containing a phenylenediamine core, were synthesized that exhibit nanomolar potency and >30-fold selectivity against the LOX paralogs, platelet-type 12-human lipoxygenase, reticulocyte 15-human lipoxygenase type-1, and epithelial 15-human lipoxygenase type-2, and >100-fold selectivity against ovine cyclooxygenase-1 and human cyclooxygnease-2. The phenylenediamine core was then translated into the structure of ketoconazole, a highly effective anti-fungal medication for seborrheic dermatitis, to generate a novel compound, ketaminazole. Ketaminazole was found to be a potent dual inhibitor against human 5-LOX (IC50 = 700 nM) and CYP51 (IC50 = 43 nM) in vitro. It was tested in whole blood and found to down-regulate LTB4 synthesis, displaying 45% inhibition at 10 µM. In addition, ketaminazole selectively inhibited yeast CYP51 relative to human CYP51 by 17-fold, which is greater selectivity than that of ketoconazole and could confer a therapeutic advantage. This novel dual anti-fungal/anti-inflammatory inhibitor could potentially have therapeutic uses against fungal infections that have an anti-inflammatory component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric K. Hoobler
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Ganesha Rai
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andrew G. S. Warrilow
- Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Steven C. Perry
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. Smyrniotis
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Ajit Jadhav
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anton Simeonov
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Josie E. Parker
- Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Diane E. Kelly
- Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Maloney
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DJM); (SLK); (TRH)
| | - S. L. Kelly
- Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (DJM); (SLK); (TRH)
| | - Theodore R. Holman
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DJM); (SLK); (TRH)
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Song J, Liu X, Wu J, Meehan MJ, Blevitt JM, Dorrestein PC, Milla ME. A highly efficient, high-throughput lipidomics platform for the quantitative detection of eicosanoids in human whole blood. Anal Biochem 2012; 433:181-8. [PMID: 23103340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We have developed an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring/mass spectrometry (UPLC-MRM/MS)-based, high-content, high-throughput platform that enables simultaneous profiling of multiple lipids produced ex vivo in human whole blood (HWB) on treatment with calcium ionophore and its modulation with pharmacological agents. HWB samples were processed in a 96-well plate format compatible with high-throughput sample processing instrumentation. We employed a scheduled MRM (sMRM) method, with a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer coupled to a UPLC system, to measure absolute amounts of 122 distinct eicosanoids using deuterated internal standards. In a 6.5-min run, we resolved and detected with high sensitivity (lower limit of quantification in the range of 0.4-460 pg) all targeted analytes from a very small HWB sample (2.5 μl). Approximately 90% of the analytes exhibited a dynamic range exceeding 1000. We also developed a tailored software package that dramatically sped up the overall data quantification and analysis process with superior consistency and accuracy. Matrix effects from HWB and precision of the calibration curve were evaluated using this newly developed automation tool. This platform was successfully applied to the global quantification of changes on all 122 eicosanoids in HWB samples from healthy donors in response to calcium ionophore stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Song
- Immunology Discovery, Janssen Research and Development, La Jolla, CA 92121, USA
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Takamoto M, Yano T, Shintani T, Hiraku S. A highly sensitive and selective method for the determination of Leukotriene B4 in human plasma by negative ion chemical ionization/gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1995; 13:1465-72. [PMID: 8788131 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(95)01583-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a highly sensitive and highly selective method for the determination of Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in human plasma using negative ion chemical ionization/gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (NICI/GS/MS/MS) analysis. The developed method was summarized as follows. Deuterated LTB4 (d4-LTB4) was added to human plasma samples as an internal standard, and samples were extracted by a Sep-pak C18 column. Extracted LTB4 was derivatized into the pentafluorobenzyl ester of bis-trimethylsilyl ether (PFB-TMS-LTB4) and quantified on the basis of selected reaction monitoring (SRM) at m/z 299 of [M-PFB-2TMSOH]- by NICI/GC/MS/MS analysis, which was the product ion of [M-PFB]-. The detection limit for the quantification of LTB4 in human plasma was 10 pg ml-1, sufficiently sensitive to determine the concentrations of endogenous LTB4 in human plasma. The plasma level of LTB4 measured in healthy male volunteers was 33.85 +/- 33.91 pg ml-1 (mean +/- S.D. in six volunteers). The technique of MS/MS used in this method offers much greater sensitivity and selectivity than single-stage mass spectrometry. The developed method showed good reproducibility with a simple and rapid extraction procedure, and would be useful for examining the relationship between various disease states and the levels of LTB4 in biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Takamoto
- Pharmacokinetic Research Laboratory, ONO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
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