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Characterization of Korean Distilled Liquor, Soju, Using Chemical, HS-SPME-GC-MS, and Sensory Descriptive Analysis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082429. [PMID: 35458627 PMCID: PMC9028313 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The volatile compounds and sensory profiles of 18 different types of distilled soju, chosen with regard to various raw materials and distillation methods (atmospheric vs. vacuum), were explored using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and descriptive analysis. General chemical properties such as pH, total acidity (TA), total soluble solids (°Brix), and lactic acid concentration were also determined. A total of 56 volatile compounds, comprising 31 esters, 11 alcohols, 1 acid, 4 aldehydes, 3 ketones, and 6 miscellaneous compounds, were identified. From the principal component analysis (PCA) of the volatile data, samples made using atmospheric distillation such as MSO and PJU showed a clear difference from decompressed distillation samples. Based on the PCA of the sensory data, there was also a clear distinction between samples by their distillation method. To explore relationships among chemical, volatile, and sensory data sets, multiple factor analysis (MFA) was applied. Yeasty and earthy flavors showed a close relationship with 1-nonanol, octatonic acid, and longer-chain esters such as ethyl phenylacetate and ethyl tetradecanoate, and with chemical parameters such as TA, °Brix, and lactic acid.
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Talnikar VD, Deorukhkar OA, Katariya A, Mahajan YS. Intensification of the Production of 2-Ethyl-Hexyl Acrylate: Batch Kinetics and Reactive Distillation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2017-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The reaction of acrylic acid and 2-ethyl-1 hexanol was explored in this work with the intent of process intensification. In order to assess the effect of important parameters on the course of reaction, this work initially conducted batch reactor experiments. Reaction conditions in the batch reactor for a specific conversion (~ 30 %) were obtained. A kinetic model was then obtained through regression to arrive at a rate expression that is later used in process development. Experiments were performed in the reactive distillation (RD) environment in batch mode, which showed substantial increase in conversion (~ 80 %) indicating the applicability of RD. Further, this work performed simulation in the RD environment to assess process intensification. Simulations show that it is possible to obtain complete conversion of the acid.
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Painer D, Lux S, Almer C, Daniel S, Siebenhofer M. Solvent recovery via reactive distillation to intensify bio-based chemical production from waste effluents. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2017.1284865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Painer
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Susanne Lux
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Almer
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Stephan Daniel
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Matthäus Siebenhofer
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
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Xue W, Zhao H, Yao J, Li F, Wang Y. Esterification of cyclohexene with formic acid over a peanut shell-derived carbon solid acid catalyst. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(15)61076-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Mahajani SM, Saha B. Catalysis in Multifunctional Reactors. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2015-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Painer D, Lux S, Siebenhofer M. Reaktive Trennung von Essigsäure/Ameisensäure/Wasser-Gemischen aus der Bioraffinerie. CHEM-ING-TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201400130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Talnikar VD, Mahajan YS. Recovery of acids from dilute streams : A review of process technologies. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-014-0202-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wang B, Wang L, Zhu J, Chen S, Sun H. Condensation of phenol and acetone on a modified macroreticular ion exchange resin catalyst. Front Chem Sci Eng 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-013-1330-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ahamed Imam R, Freund H, Guit RPM, Fellay C, Meier RJ, Sundmacher K. Evaluation of Different Process Concepts for the Indirect Hydration of Cyclohexene to Cyclohexanol. Org Process Res Dev 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/op300276e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rayees Ahamed Imam
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg,
Germany
| | - Hannsjörg Freund
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg,
Germany
- Chemical Reaction
Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Kai Sundmacher
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg,
Germany
- Process Systems Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke Universität, Magdeburg, Germany
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Jogunola O, Salmi T, Wärnå J, Mikkola JP. Kinetic and diffusion study of acid-catalyzed liquid-phase alkyl formates hydrolysis. Chem Eng Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2011.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kumar R, Katariya A, Freund H, Sundmacher K. Development of a Novel Catalytic Distillation Process for Cyclohexanol Production: Mini Plant Experiments and Complementary Process Simulations. Org Process Res Dev 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/op1001879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Amit Katariya
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hannsjörg Freund
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kai Sundmacher
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Process Systems Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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Yi HC, Moon SH, Park JS, Jung JW, Hwang KT. Volatile Compounds in Liquor Distilled from Mash Produced Using Koji or Nuruk under Reduced or Atmospheric Pressure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2010.39.6.880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Xu Z, Zhang W, Lv L, Pan B, Lan P, Zhang Q. A new approach to catalytic degradation of dimethyl phthalate by a macroporous OH-type strongly basic anion exchange resin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:3130-3135. [PMID: 20230023 DOI: 10.1021/es100058j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a novel approach was developed to remove dimethyl phthalate (DMP), a representative phthalic acid ester (PAE) pollutant, from an aqueous solution using a macroporous OH-type strong base anion exchange resin D201-OH. As compared to the traditional catalyst aqueous NaOH, D201-OH displayed much higher catalytic efficiency for DMP hydrolytic degradation. Almost 100% of DMP was hydrolyzed to far less toxic phthalic acid (PA) in the presence of D201-OH, while only about 29% of DMP was converted to PA in the presence of NaOH under the identical amount of hydroxyl anions in the reaction system. More attractively, the hydrolysis product PA also can be simultaneously removed by the solid basic polymer D201-OH through a preferable anion exchange process, while NaOH induced hydrolysis products were still left in solution. The underlying mechanism for the hydrolytic degradation and simultaneous ion exchange removal process was proposed. Fixed-bed column hydrolytic degradation and ion exchange removal tests indicate that DMP can be completely converted to PA and subsequently removed from water without any further process, with pH values of the effluent being around 6 constantly. The exhausted D201-OH was amenable to an efficient regeneration by 3 bed volumes (BV) of NaOH solution (2 mol/L) for repeated use without any efficiency loss. The results reported herein indicated that D201-OH-induced catalytic degradation and removal is a promising approach for PAEs treatment in waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P.R. China
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Vahteristo K, Maury S, Laari A, Solonen A, Haario H, Koskimies S. Kinetics of Neopentyl Glycol Esterification with Different Carboxylic Acids. Ind Eng Chem Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ie801920m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kari Vahteristo
- Lappeenranta University of Technology, Department of Chemical Technology; P.O. Box 20, FIN-53851 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Sylvie Maury
- Lappeenranta University of Technology, Department of Chemical Technology; P.O. Box 20, FIN-53851 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Arto Laari
- Lappeenranta University of Technology, Department of Chemical Technology; P.O. Box 20, FIN-53851 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Antti Solonen
- Lappeenranta University of Technology, Department of Chemical Technology; P.O. Box 20, FIN-53851 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Heikki Haario
- Lappeenranta University of Technology, Department of Chemical Technology; P.O. Box 20, FIN-53851 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Salme Koskimies
- Lappeenranta University of Technology, Department of Chemical Technology; P.O. Box 20, FIN-53851 Lappeenranta, Finland
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Ambroziak K, Mbeleck R, He Y, Saha B, Sherrington DC. Investigation of Batch Alkene Epoxidations Catalyzed by Polymer-Supported Mo(VI) Complexes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ie801171s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Ambroziak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, U.K., and WestChem Graduate School, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Rene Mbeleck
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, U.K., and WestChem Graduate School, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Yue He
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, U.K., and WestChem Graduate School, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Basudeb Saha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, U.K., and WestChem Graduate School, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
| | - David C. Sherrington
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, U.K., and WestChem Graduate School, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
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Steyer F, Freund H, Sundmacher K. A Novel Reactive Distillation Process for the Indirect Hydration of Cyclohexene to Cyclohexanol Using a Reactive Entrainer. Ind Eng Chem Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ie800303k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Steyer
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany, and Process Systems Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hannsjörg Freund
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany, and Process Systems Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kai Sundmacher
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany, and Process Systems Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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Yang JI, Cho SH, Park J, Lee KY. Esterification of Acrylic Acid with 1,4-Butanediol in a Batch Distillation Column Reactor over Amberlyst 15 Catalyst. CAN J CHEM ENG 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.5450850609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Vahteristo K, Laari A, Haario H, Solonen A. Estimation of kinetic parameters in neopentyl glycol esterification with propionic acid. Chem Eng Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2007.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Patel D, Saha B. Heterogeneous Kinetics and Residue Curve Map (RCM) Determination for Synthesis ofn-Hexyl Acetate Using Ion-Exchange Resins as Catalysts. Ind Eng Chem Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ie060725x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gadewar SB, Malone MF, Doherty MF. ‘Feasible Products for Double-Feed Reactive Distillation Columns. Ind Eng Chem Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ie060867r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sagar B. Gadewar
- Gas Reaction Technologies (GRT), Inc., 861 Ward Dr., Santa Barbara, California 93111
| | - Michael F. Malone
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Michael F. Doherty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
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Steyer F, Sundmacher K. Cyclohexanol Production via Esterification of Cyclohexene with Formic Acid and Subsequent Hydration of the EsterReaction Kinetics. Ind Eng Chem Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ie060781y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Steyer
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraβe 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; and Process Systems Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kai Sundmacher
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraβe 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; and Process Systems Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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Reactive separation of isobutene from C4 crack fractions by catalytic distillation processes. Sep Purif Technol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1383-5866(01)00156-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Saha B, Streat M. Transesterification of cyclohexyl acrylate with n-butanol and 2-ethylhexanol: acid-treated clay, ion exchange resins and tetrabutyl titanate as catalysts. REACT FUNCT POLYM 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-5148(98)00004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Saha B. Reaction of 5-ethylidene-2-norbomene with formic acid: cation exchange resins as catalysts. REACT FUNCT POLYM 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-5148(97)00112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Saha B, Sharma MM. Reaction of dicyclopentadiene with formic acid and chloroacetic acid with and without cation-exchange resins as catalysts. REACT FUNCT POLYM 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-5148(97)00082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Chopade SP, Sharma MM. Reaction of ethanol and formaldehyde: use of versatile cation-exchange resins as catalyst in batch reactors and reactive distillation columns. REACT FUNCT POLYM 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-5148(96)00069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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