Overview of Tissue Engineering Concepts and Applications

Nano-material utilization in stem cells for regenerative medicine

The utilization of nanotechnology in regenerative medicine has been globally proven to be the main solution to many issues faced with tissue engineering today, and the theoretical and empirical investigations of the association of nanomaterials with stem cells have made significant progress as well. For their ability to self-renew and differentiate into a variety of cell types, stem cells have become popular candidates for cell treatment in recent years, particularly in cartilage and Ocular regeneration. However, there are still several challenges to overcome before it may be used in a wide range of therapeutic contexts. This review paper provides a review of the various implications of nanomaterials in tissue and cell regeneration, the stem cell and scaffold application in novel treatments, and the basic developments in stem cell-based therapies, as well as the hurdles that must be solved for nanotechnology to be used in its full potential. Due to the increased interest in the continuously developing field of nanotechnology, demonstrating, and pinpointing the most recognized and used applications of nanotechnology in regenerative medicine became imperative to provide students, researchers, etc. who are interested.

Remineralization, Regeneration, and Repair of Natural Tooth Structure: Influences on the Future of Restorative Dentistry Practice

Currently, the principal strategy for the treatment of carious defects involves cavity preparations followed by the restoration of natural tooth structure with a synthetic material of inferior biomechanical and esthetic qualities and with questionable long-term clinical reliability of the interfacial bonds. Consequently, prevention and minimally invasive dentistry are considered basic approaches for the preservation of sound tooth structure. Moreover, conventional periodontal therapies do not always ensure predictable outcomes or completely restore the integrity of the periodontal ligament complex that has been lost due to periodontitis. Much effort and comprehensive research have been undertaken to mimic the natural development and biomineralization of teeth to regenerate and repair natural hard dental tissues and restore the integrity of the periodontium. Regeneration of the dentin-pulp tissue has faced several challenges, starting with the basic concerns of clinical applicability. Recent technologies and multidisciplinary approaches in tissue engineering and nanotechnology, as well as the use of modern strategies for stem cell recruitment, synthesis of effective biodegradable scaffolds, molecular signaling, gene therapy, and 3D bioprinting, have resulted in impressive outcomes that may revolutionize the practice of restorative dentistry. This Review covers the current approaches and technologies for remineralization, regeneration, and repair of natural tooth structure.