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Gu G, Ou D, Chen Z, Gao S, Sun S, Zhao Y, Hu C, Liang X. Metabolomics revealed the photosynthetic performance and metabolomic characteristics of Euglena gracilis under autotrophic and mixotrophic conditions. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:160. [PMID: 35834059 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03346-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthetic and metabolomic performance of Euglena gracilis was examined and compared under autotrophic and mixotrophic conditions. Autotrophic protozoa (AP) obtained greater biomass (about 33% higher) than the mixotrophic protozoa (MP) after 12 days of growth. AP maintained steady photosynthesis, while MP showed a remarkable decrease in photosynthetic efficiency and dropped to an extremely low level at day 12. In MP, low light absorption and photosynthetic electron transport efficiency, and high energy dissipation were reflected by the chlorophyll (chl a) fluorescence (OJIP) of the protozoa. The values of ΨO, ΦEo, and ETO/RC of MP decreased to extremely low levels, to 1/15, 1/46, and 1/9 those of AP, respectively, while DIO/RC increased to approximately 16 times that of AP. A total of 137 metabolites were showed significant differences between AP and MP. AP accumulated more monosaccharide, lipids, and alkaloids, while MP produced more amino acids, peptides, and long-chain fatty acids including poly-unsaturated fatty acids. The top nine most important enriched pathways obtained from KEGG mapping were related to ABC transporters, biosynthesis of amino acids, purine metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism. There were significant differences between AP and MP in photosynthetic activity, metabolites, and metabolic pathways. This work presented useful information for the production of high value bioproducts in E. gracilis cultured under different nutritional conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.,College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Ou
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhehua Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.,College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shumei Gao
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqing Sun
- College of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jiaxing Nanhu University, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjun Zhao
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Changwei Hu
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xianrui Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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Rodríguez-Zavala JS, García-García JD, Ortiz-Cruz MA, Moreno-Sánchez R. Molecular mechanisms of resistance to heavy metals in the protist Euglena gracilis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2007; 42:1365-78. [PMID: 17680475 DOI: 10.1080/10934520701480326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The biochemical mechanisms of resistance to several heavy metals, which are associated with their accumulation (binding by high-affinity chelating molecules such as thiol-compounds together with their compartmentalization into organelles), are analyzed for the photosynthetic, free-living protist Euglena gracilis. The complete understanding of these mechanisms may facilitate the rational design of strategies for bioremediation of heavy metal polluted water and soil systems.
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