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Mora-Cabello R, Fuentes-Ríos D, Gago L, Cabeza L, Moscoso A, Melguizo C, Prados J, Sarabia F, López-Romero JM. Magnetic Nanoparticles with On-Site Azide and Alkyne Functionalized Polymer Coating in a Single Step through a Solvothermal Process. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:1226. [PMID: 39339262 PMCID: PMC11435388 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16091226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Revised: 09/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (MNPs) are becoming more important every day. We prepared MNPs in a simple one-step reaction by following the solvothermal method, assisted by azide and alkyne functionalized polyethylene glycol (PEG400) polymers, as well as by PEG6000 and the polyol β-cyclodextrin (βCD), which played a crucial role as electrostatic stabilizers, providing polymeric/polyol coatings around the magnetic cores. Methods: The composition, morphology, and magnetic properties of the nanospheres were analyzed using Transmission Electron and Atomic Force Microscopies (TEM, AFM), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), X-ray Diffraction Diffractometry (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM). Results: The obtained nanoparticles (@Fe3O4-PEGs and @Fe3O4-βCD) showed diameters between 90 and 250 nm, depending on the polymer used and the Fe3O4·6H2O precursor concentration, typically, 0.13 M at 200 °C and 24 h of reaction. MNPs exhibited superparamagnetism with high saturation mass magnetization at room temperature, reaching values of 59.9 emu/g (@Fe3O4-PEG6000), and no ferromagnetism. Likewise, they showed temperature elevation after applying an alternating magnetic field (AMF), obtaining Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) values of up to 51.87 ± 2.23 W/g for @Fe3O4-PEG6000. Additionally, the formed systems are susceptible to click chemistry, as was demonstrated in the case of the cannabidiol-propargyl derivative (CBD-Pro), which was synthesized and covalently attached to the azide functionalized surface of @Fe3O4-PEG400-N3. Prepared MNPs are highly dispersible in water, PBS, and citrate buffer, remaining in suspension for over 2 weeks, and non-toxic in the T84 human colon cancer cell line, Conclusions: indicating that they are ideal candidates for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romualdo Mora-Cabello
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - David Fuentes-Ríos
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Lidia Gago
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), 18100 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Laura Cabeza
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), 18100 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Moscoso
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Consolación Melguizo
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), 18100 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - José Prados
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), 18100 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Sarabia
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
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Sawah D, Sahloul M, Ciftci F. Nano-material utilization in stem cells for regenerative medicine. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2022; 67:429-442. [DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2022-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The utilization of nanotechnology in regenerative medicine has been globally proven to be the main solution to many issues faced with tissue engineering today, and the theoretical and empirical investigations of the association of nanomaterials with stem cells have made significant progress as well. For their ability to self-renew and differentiate into a variety of cell types, stem cells have become popular candidates for cell treatment in recent years, particularly in cartilage and Ocular regeneration. However, there are still several challenges to overcome before it may be used in a wide range of therapeutic contexts. This review paper provides a review of the various implications of nanomaterials in tissue and cell regeneration, the stem cell and scaffold application in novel treatments, and the basic developments in stem cell-based therapies, as well as the hurdles that must be solved for nanotechnology to be used in its full potential. Due to the increased interest in the continuously developing field of nanotechnology, demonstrating, and pinpointing the most recognized and used applications of nanotechnology in regenerative medicine became imperative to provide students, researchers, etc. who are interested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darin Sawah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakif University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Maha Sahloul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakif University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Fatih Ciftci
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakif University , Istanbul , Turkey
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Sultana A, Zare M, Luo H, Ramakrishna S. Surface Engineering Strategies to Enhance the In Situ Performance of Medical Devices Including Atomic Scale Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11788. [PMID: 34769219 PMCID: PMC8583812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of intense scientific research investigations clearly suggest that only a subset of a large number of metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, and nanomaterials are suitable as biomaterials for a growing number of biomedical devices and biomedical uses. However, biomaterials are prone to microbial infection due to Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis), hepatitis, tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and many more. Hence, a range of surface engineering strategies are devised in order to achieve desired biocompatibility and antimicrobial performance in situ. Surface engineering strategies are a group of techniques that alter or modify the surface properties of the material in order to obtain a product with desired functionalities. There are two categories of surface engineering methods: conventional surface engineering methods (such as coating, bioactive coating, plasma spray coating, hydrothermal, lithography, shot peening, and electrophoretic deposition) and emerging surface engineering methods (laser treatment, robot laser treatment, electrospinning, electrospray, additive manufacturing, and radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique). Atomic-scale engineering, such as chemical vapor deposition, atomic layer etching, plasma immersion ion deposition, and atomic layer deposition, is a subsection of emerging technology that has demonstrated improved control and flexibility at finer length scales than compared to the conventional methods. With the advancements in technologies and the demand for even better control of biomaterial surfaces, research efforts in recent years are aimed at the atomic scale and molecular scale while incorporating functional agents in order to elicit optimal in situ performance. The functional agents include synthetic materials (monolithic ZnO, quaternary ammonium salts, silver nano-clusters, titanium dioxide, and graphene) and natural materials (chitosan, totarol, botanical extracts, and nisin). This review highlights the various strategies of surface engineering of biomaterial including their functional mechanism, applications, and shortcomings. Additionally, this review article emphasizes atomic scale engineering of biomaterials for fabricating antimicrobial biomaterials and explores their challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afreen Sultana
- Center for Nanotechnology & Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117581, Singapore; (A.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Mina Zare
- Center for Nanotechnology & Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117581, Singapore; (A.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Hongrong Luo
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanotechnology & Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117581, Singapore; (A.S.); (S.R.)
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