1
|
Amitai I, Roos K, Rashedi I, Jiang Y, Mangoff K, Klein G, Forward N, Stewart D, Laneuville P, Bence-Bruckler I, Mangel J, Tomlinson G, Berinstein NL. PD-L1 expression predicts efficacy in the phase II SPiReL trial with MVP-S, pembrolizumab, and low-dose CPA in R/R DLBCL. Eur J Haematol 2023. [PMID: 37157906 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (R/R DLBCL) have limited treatment options. METHODS R/R DLBCL patients, who were mostly ineligible for ASCT due to age or comorbidities, were treated with maveropepimut-S (MVP-S, previously DPX-Survivac) a survivin directed T cell educating therapy, pembrolizumab, and intermittent low-dose cyclophosphamide. FINDINGS We identified, using univariate analysis, a subset of patients with enhanced ORR, PFS and DOR. Patients with baseline CD20+/PD-L1 expression had an ORR of 46% (6/13) and the disease control rate was 10/13 (77%). The PFS and OS of the positive CD20+/PD-L1 patients were 7.1 months and 17.4 months, whereas in the intent-to-treat (ITT) population of 25 enrolled patients, the ORR was 28% (7/25), median PFS and OS were 4.2 months and 10.1 months respectively. A total of 6/7 clinical responders occurred in CD20+/PD-L1 patients. The regimen was well-tolerated, requiring only minor dose modifications and one discontinuation. Grade 1 or 2 injection site reactions occurred in 14/25, (56%). Statistically significant associations were also seen between PFS and; injection site reactions; and ELISpot response to survivin peptides, both identifying the mechanistic importance of specific immune responses to survivin. INTERPRETATION This immunotherapy combination was found to be active and safe in this clinically challenging patient population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Amitai
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Kim Roos
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Yidi Jiang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Gail Klein
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Joy Mangel
- London Health Sciences Centre, London, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Elmajee M, Osman K, Dermanis A, Duffaydar H, Soon WC, czyz M. A literature Review: The genomic landscape of spinal chondrosarcoma and potential diagnostic, prognostic & therapeutic implications. INTERDISCIPLINARY NEUROSURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2022.101651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
|
3
|
Xie W, Yan O, Liu F, Han Y, Wang H. Prognostic Value of Survivin in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Cancer 2021; 12:4399-4407. [PMID: 34093840 PMCID: PMC8176404 DOI: 10.7150/jca.46282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have shown that survivin has potential prognostic value in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, the results remained controversial until now. Thus, to investigate the influence of survivin expression on prognosis and clinical characteristics in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, we performed this meta-analysis. Methods: We searched PubMed, PMC, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure electronic databases from their establishment to 1 March 2021. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) and the pooled odds ratio (OR) were used to evaluate the prognostic and clinicopathological values of survivin in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. We used the I2 statistic and the Q test to evaluate heterogeneity. Meta-regression, publication bias, and sensitivity analyses were also conducted. Results: A total of 26 eligible studies with 2278 patients were included in our meta-analysis. We found that the expression of survivin is connected with poor overall survival (HR=1.94; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.52-2.48; P<0.001), lymph node metastasis (OR=3.01; 95% CI=2.31- 3.91; P<0.001), local recurrence (OR=2.40; 95% CI=1.60-3.61, P<0.001), distant metastasis (OR=2.58; 95% CI=1.74-3.84, P<0.001), and a higher clinical stage (OR=4.58; 95% CI=2.81-7.47, P<0.001). However, no significant correlations were found between survivin expression and radio-sensitivity (OR=1.33; 95% CI=0.25-7.17, P=0.737) or gender (OR=1.02; 95% CI=0.75-1.39, P=0.887). Conclusions: This meta-analysis indicates that survivin could be used as a biomarker for predicting prognosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenji Xie
- Department of Radiotherapy, Hunan Cancer Hospital & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Ouying Yan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Hunan Cancer Hospital & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Hunan Cancer Hospital & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yaqian Han
- Department of Radiotherapy, Hunan Cancer Hospital & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Hunan Cancer Hospital & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li K, Liu T, Chen J, Ni H, Li W. Survivin in breast cancer-derived exosomes activates fibroblasts by up-regulating SOD1, whose feedback promotes cancer proliferation and metastasis. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:13737-13752. [PMID: 32709750 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a critical role in the coevolution of breast tumor cells and their microenvironment by modifying cellular compartments and regulating cancer cell functions via stromal-epithelial dialogue. However, the relationship and interaction between stromal and epithelial cells is still poorly understood. Herein, we revealed that breast cancer cells have a stronger ability to activate fibroblasts and transform them into myofibroblasts (CAF-like) than normal breast epithelial cells, and this stronger ability occurs through paracrine signaling. In turn, myofibroblasts promote the proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and stemness of breast cancer cells. Detailed regulatory mechanisms showed that, compared with normal cells, Survivin is overexpressed in breast cancer cells and secreted extracellularly in the form of exosomes, which are then internalized by fibroblasts. Breast cancer cell-derived survivin up-regulates SOD1 expression in fibroblasts and then converts them into myofibroblasts, conversely inducing breast cancer progression in vitro and in vivo Thus, our results indicate that survivin acts as an activator of the tumor microenvironment and that SOD1 up-regulation in fibroblasts can promote breast cancer progression. These results suggest that targeting survivin and SOD1 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kangdi Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huying Ni
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenhua Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Başpınar Y, Erel-Akbaba G, Kotmakçı M, Akbaba H. Development and characterization of nanobubbles containing paclitaxel and survivin inhibitor YM155 against lung cancer. Int J Pharm 2019; 566:149-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
6
|
Wang YL, Shao X, Wang F, Zeng L, Hu L, Cui SQ, Hou G, Huang DN. Intron-specific shRNA-mediated downregulation of survivin and promotion of apoptosis in HeLa cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:5927-5933. [PMID: 29113228 PMCID: PMC5661408 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the survivin gene contributes to tumorigenesis; it has been recognized as an important target for cancer therapy. In the present study, survivin expression was suppressed using recombinant plasmid mediated short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) that were constructed to target exonic or intronic sequences of the survivin gene. In addition, a negative control shRNA was constructed. HeLa cells were transfected with specific shRNA constructs and the blocking efficiency of each shRNA was assessed at the mRNA and protein levels; and the five shRNA constructs with higher blocking efficiency were selected. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry (FCM) following Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide double staining. Hoechst staining was used to detect the morphological diversity of the nuclei in apoptotic cells. The results demonstrated that survivin expression was effectively reduced by the transfection of shRNAs in HeLa cells. In addition, the apoptotic rates of the shRNA-treated groups were significantly increased compared with the negative control group according to the FCM results. The nuclei of HeLa cells exhibited apoptotic characteristics in the shRNA-treated groups as identified by Hoechst staining. Survivin-targeting shRNAs effectively downregulated the expression of the gene and markedly increased the apoptotic rate of HeLa cells. Data from the present study also indicated that the intron-specific shRNA demonstrate a high efficiency of inhibition of survivin expression and were able to induce cell apoptosis of HeLa cells through RNAi, potentially providing novel target sites for tumor therapy. In conclusion, the present study suggests that intron-specific blocking of survivin by RNAi may provide a tool for anticancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Li Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Xin Shao
- People's Hospital of Shiyan, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Fa Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zeng
- Department of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Liang Hu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Quan Cui
- Department of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Gan Hou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Di-Nan Huang
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abdel-Magid AF. Modulation of the Inhibitors of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs) Activities for Cancer Treatment. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:471-473. [PMID: 28523094 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
8
|
In Vitro Assessment of the Expression and T Cell Immunogenicity of the Tumor-Associated Antigens BORIS, MUC1, hTERT, MAGE-A3 and Sp17 in Uterine Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091525. [PMID: 27618037 PMCID: PMC5037800 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: While immunotherapy moved to the forefront of treatment of various cancers, it remains underexplored for uterine cancer. This might be due to the small patient population with advanced endometrial carcinoma and uterine sarcoma. Data about immunotherapeutic targets are scarce in endometrial carcinoma and lacking in uterine sarcoma. Methods: Expression of five tumor-associated antigens (TAA) (BORIS, MUC1, hTERT, MAGE-A3 and Sp17) was validated in uterine tumor samples by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). TAA immunogenicity was analyzed by determining spontaneous T cell responses towards overlapping peptide pools covering the whole TAA in patient blood. Results: At mRNA level, MAGE-A3 and Sp17 were overexpressed in a minority of patients and BORIS was moderately overexpressed (26% in endometrial carcinoma and 62% in uterine sarcoma). hTERT was overexpressed in the vast majority of tumors. On protein level, MUC1 was upregulated in primary, recurrent and metastatic EMCAR and in metastatic US tumors. hTERT protein was highly expressed in both normal and malignant tissue. Spontaneous TAA-specific T cell responses were detected in a minority of patients, except for hTERT to which T cell responses occurred more frequently. Conclusions: These data point to MUC1 and hTERT as most suitable targets based on expression levels and T cell immunogenicity for use in immunotherapeutic regimens.
Collapse
|
9
|
Eslami M, Khamechian T, Mazoochi T, Ehteram H, Sehat M, Alizargar J. Evaluation of survivin expression in prostate specimens of patients with prostate adenocarcinoma and benign prostate hyperplasia underwent transurethral resection of the prostate or prostatectomy. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:621. [PMID: 27330887 PMCID: PMC4870532 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2283-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survivin is a newly found member of the inhibitors of apoptosis proteins, which plays a certain role in cancer. Survivin has a distinctly different expression in cancers, including prostate cancer. We are searching for the relationship between survivin levels in normal prostate tissue, benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), and prostate adenocarcinoma in this study. RESULTS The study surveyed 282 prostate samples, 94 normal, 94 BPH, and 94 prostate adenocarcinoma samples. Survivin expression was absent in normal prostate tissues. In the BPH group, the survivin expression level was higher than that of the normal group. In the adenocarcinoma group, the survivin expression level was higher than that of the BPH group. There was a significant association between survivin expression level and the adenocarcinoma stage. CONCLUSION Although there is no expression of survivin in normal prostate tissue, its expression is slightly positive in BPH. High survivin expression is related to a higher Gleason score in the adenocarcinoma of the prostate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mansooreh Eslami
- Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Tahere Khamechian
- Anatomical Science Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Tahere Mazoochi
- Gametogenese Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, 5th Km Qotbe Ravandi Blv, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hasan Ehteram
- Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mojtaba Sehat
- Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Javad Alizargar
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Valenzuela MA, Canales J, Corvalán AH, Quest AFG. Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation and epigenetic changes during gastric carcinogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:12742-12756. [PMID: 26668499 PMCID: PMC4671030 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i45.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The sequence of events associated with the development of gastric cancer has been described as “the gastric precancerous cascade”. This cascade is a dynamic process that includes lesions, such as atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia. According to this model, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection targets the normal gastric mucosa causing non-atrophic gastritis, an initiating lesion that can be cured by clearing H. pylori with antibiotics or that may then linger in the case of chronic infection and progress to atrophic gastritis. The presence of virulence factors in the infecting H. pylori drives the carcinogenesis process. Independent epidemiological and animal studies have confirmed the sequential progression of these precancerous lesions. Particularly long-term follow-up studies estimated a risk of 0.1% for atrophic gastritis/intestinal metaplasia and 6% in case of dysplasia for the long-term development of gastric cancer. With this in mind, a better understanding of the genetic and epigenetic changes associated with progression of the cascade is critical in determining the risk of gastric cancer associated with H. pylori infection. In this review, we will summarize some of the most relevant mechanisms and focus predominantly but not exclusively on the discussion of gene promoter methylation and miRNAs in this context.
Collapse
|
11
|
Sanhueza C, Wehinger S, Castillo Bennett J, Valenzuela M, Owen GI, Quest AFG. The twisted survivin connection to angiogenesis. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:198. [PMID: 26584646 PMCID: PMC4653922 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0467-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis family of proteins (IAPs) that controls cell division, apoptosis, metastasis and angiogenesis, is overexpressed in essentially all human cancers. As a consequence, the gene/protein is considered an attractive target for cancer treatment. Here, we discuss recent findings related to the regulation of survivin expression and its role in angiogenesis, particularly in the context of hypoxia. We propose a novel role for survivin in cancer, whereby expression of the protein in tumor cells promotes VEGF synthesis, secretion and angiogenesis. Mechanistically, we propose the existence of a positive feed-back loop involving PI3-kinase/Akt activation and enhanced β-Catenin-TCF/LEF-dependent VEGF expression followed by secretion. Finally, we elaborate on the possibility that this mechanism operating in cancer cells may contribute to enhanced tumor vascularization by vasculogenic mimicry together with conventional angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Sanhueza
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8330024, Chile
| | - S Wehinger
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - J Castillo Bennett
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile
| | - M Valenzuela
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile
| | - G I Owen
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas & Center UC Investigation in Oncology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A F G Quest
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile. .,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li C, Li J, Wu D, Han G. The involvement of survivin in insulin-like growth factor 1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:1091-6. [PMID: 26271669 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3909-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been identified that insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) activated various pathways of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in a couple of tumors. At the same time, survivin is implicated in EMT of gastric cancer (GC). To date, the impact of survivin on IGF-1-mediated EMT of GC has not been featured. In this work, we used the immunohistochemistry and molecular and cellular experiments to investigate the existence and significance of IGF-1 and survivin. Our findings revealed that survivin protein can be observed in majority of samples in all GC samples. Importantly, survivin expression has an obvious association with GC stage, and metastasis. In vitro, GC cell line BGC823 was treated with different concentrations of IGF-1, resulting in the activation of p-ERK, p-AKT, survivin, and the expression of EMT biomarkers, including N-cadherin, MMP2, and Snail. However, the silencing of survivin eradicated the expression IGF-1-induced EMT biomarkers and affected the migration and invasion of BGC823 cells. In conclusion, IGF-1 signaling activated survivin expression and controlled the expression of EMT biomarkers in the development of GC. This study lays a new stage for the molecular therapy of GC patients in the clinical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengjun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 38#, Wuyingshan Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinbao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Guanzhuang Hospital of Anqiu City, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Dawei Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Huimin County Hospital of Shandong Province, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Gang Han
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 38#, Wuyingshan Road, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ejaeidi AA, Craft BS, Puneky LV, Lewis RE, Cruse JM. Hormone receptor-independent CXCL10 production is associated with the regulation of cellular factors linked to breast cancer progression and metastasis. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 99:163-72. [PMID: 26079660 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a major health problem for women around the world. Although advances in the field of molecular therapy have been achieved, the successful therapeutic management of BC, particularly metastatic disease, remains a challenge for patients and clinicians. One of the areas of current investigation is the circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which have a determinant role in the development of distant metastasis. At the present, many of the available treatment strategies for metastatic disease are of limited benefit. However, the elucidation of the mechanisms of tumor progression and metastasis may help to identify key molecules/components that may function as therapeutic targets in the future. In the present study, the functional analysis of CTCs revealed their ability to grow and proliferate to form colonies. Immunofluorescence staining of the CTCs' colonies exhibits elevated expression of cell growth and survival associated proteins such as, survivin, ERK and Akt1. More importantly, the functional screening of the chemokine profile in BC patients' sera revealed an HR-independent elevation of the chemokine CXCL10 when compared to healthy controls. The analysis of chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL11 demonstrated an HR-dependent production pattern. The levels of both CXCL9 and CXCL11 were markedly high in HR+ patients' sera when compared to HR- patients and healthy controls. The functional analysis of HR+ and HR- BC derived cell lines when cultivated in media supplemented with patients' sera demonstrated the alteration of tumor progression and metastasis related proteins. We noted the induction of survivin, β-catenin, MKP-1, pERK, CXCR4 and MMP-1 both at the protein and mRNA levels. The induction of those proteins was in keeping with patients' sera induced cell proliferation as measured by the MTT assay. In conclusion, our data emphasizes the role of chemokines, especially CXCL10, in BC progression and metastasis via the induction of signaling pathways, which mainly involve survivin, β-catenin, MKP-1 and MMP-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Ejaeidi
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
| | - Barbara S Craft
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Louis V Puneky
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Robert E Lewis
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Julius M Cruse
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Berinstein NL, Karkada M, Oza AM, Odunsi K, Villella JA, Nemunaitis JJ, Morse MA, Pejovic T, Bentley J, Buyse M, Nigam R, Weir GM, MacDonald LD, Quinton T, Rajagopalan R, Sharp K, Penwell A, Sammatur L, Burzykowski T, Stanford MM, Mansour M. Survivin-targeted immunotherapy drives robust polyfunctional T cell generation and differentiation in advanced ovarian cancer patients. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1026529. [PMID: 26405584 PMCID: PMC4570133 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1026529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
DepoVax™ is an innovative and strongly immunogenic vaccine platform. Survivin is highly expressed in many tumor types and has reported prognostic value. To generate tumor-specific immune response, a novel cancer vaccine was formulated in DepoVax platform (DPX-Survivac) using survivin HLA class I peptides. Safety and immune potency of DPX-Survivac was tested in combination with immune-modulator metronomic cyclophosphamide in ovarian cancer patients. All the patients receiving the therapy produced antigen-specific immune responses; higher dose vaccine and cyclophosphamide treatment generating significantly higher magnitude responses. Strong T cell responses were associated with differentiation of naïve T cells into central/effector memory (CM/EM) and late differentiated (LD) polyfunctional antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. This approach enabled rapid de novo activation/expansion of vaccine antigen-specific CD8+ T cells and provided a strong rationale for further testing to determine clinical benefits associated with this immune activation. These data represent vaccine-induced T cell activation in a clinical setting to a self-tumor antigen previously described only in animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amit M Oza
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center; University Health Network ; Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Tanja Pejovic
- Oregon Health & Science University ; Portland, OR USA
| | - James Bentley
- QEII Health Sciences Center ; Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Marc Buyse
- International Drug Development Institute (IDDI) ; Louvain la Neuve, Belgium
| | - Rita Nigam
- Immunovaccine, Inc. ; Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | | | - Tara Quinton
- Immunovaccine, Inc. ; Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Tomasz Burzykowski
- International Drug Development Institute (IDDI) ; Louvain la Neuve, Belgium
| | | | - Marc Mansour
- Immunovaccine, Inc. ; Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen W, Zhong X, Wei Y, Liu Y, Yi Q, Zhang G, He L, Chen F, Liu Y, Luo J. TGF-β Regulates Survivin to Affect Cell Cycle and the Expression of EGFR and MMP9 in Glioblastoma. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:1648-1653. [PMID: 25682969 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9121-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is suggestive of a molecular target for cancer therapy due to its involvement in cell cycle, differentiation, and morphogenesis. Meanwhile, survivin is identified as an apoptosis inhibitor and involved in tumorgenesis. Here, we aimed to investigate the potential associations between TGF-β and survivin in glioblastoma U87 cell line. Survivin small interfering RNA (siRNA), Western blotting, and cell cycle analysis were introduced to detect relevant proteins in TGF-β pathways. In this study, we observed a concentration- and time-dependent increase of survivin expression after treatment with TGF-β1. However, the kinase inhibitors U0126 and LY294002 inhibited the upregulation of survivin in comparison with DMSO. In addition, survivin siRNA effectively abrogated survivin expression in U87 cells, therefore affected cells' entry into the S phase of cell cycle, and then repressed the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in comparison with non-transfection. In conclusion, the present study shows that TGF-β upregulates survivin expression via ERK and PI3K/AKT pathway, leading to glioblastoma cell cycle progression. Thus, the blockade of survivin will allow for the treatment of glioblastoma, partially attributing to the inhibition of EGFR and MMP9 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Xiao Zhong
- Department of Paediatrics, the Affiliated Xiaolan People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Zhongshan, 528415, China
| | - Yi Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Quan Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Genshui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Lishan He
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Fajiang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Yingping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Jiandong Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China. .,Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yang P, Wang G, Huo H, Li Q, Zhao Y, Liu Y. SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling up-regulates survivin to regulate human sacral chondrosarcoma cell cycle and epithelial-mesenchymal transition via ERK and PI3K/AKT pathway. Med Oncol 2014; 32:377. [PMID: 25428386 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0377-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human sacral chondrosarcoma, the most common one of malignant tumors, has a potent capacity to invade locally and metastasize. Notably, CXCR4 and survivin are widely recommended as a candidate of the molecule-targeted therapy. However, the roles and associations of CXCR4 and survivin in sacral chondrosarcoma have not been well characterized. Here, we investigated CXCR4 and survivin expression in human sacral chondrosarcoma. Resected sacral chondrosarcoma specimens were available from 30 patients. In vitro human chondrosarcoma cell lines SW1353 was used. Immunohistochemistry, Western blot, RNA interference, and cell cycle analyses were conducted. Immunohistochemistry revealed that CXCR4 and survivin expressed in 83.3 and 86.7 % of sacral chondrosarcoma tissues, respectively, and both were closely associated with grade and recurrence (p < 0.05). Western blot revealed that survivin expression in SW1353 increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner following SDF-1 treatment. However, the interference with MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathway affected SDF-1-induced up-regulation of survivin. Besides survivin siRNA affected cell cycle progression and the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) biomarkers: Snail and N-cadherin, when compared with those of non-transfection. In conclusion, the present study shows that SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling up-regulates survivin via MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathway, leading to cell cycle and EMT occurrence in human sacral chondrosarcoma. The antagonizing of CXCR4 and/or survivin might benefit patients with sacral chondrosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838#, North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liao A, Shi R, Jiang Y, Tian S, Li P, Song F, Qu Y, Li J, Yun H, Yang X. SDF-1/CXCR4 Axis Regulates Cell Cycle Progression and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition via Up-regulation of Survivin in Glioblastoma. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 53:210-215. [PMID: 25421212 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-9006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1)/CXCR4 ligand-receptor axis is widely recommended as an attractive target for cancer therapy. Meanwhile, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process is linked to disease pathophysiology. As one of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins, survivin is implicated in the onset and development of cancer. In the present study, we tried to determine the cause-effect associations between SDF-1/CXCR4 axis and survivin expression in glioblastoma U-251 cell line. Survivin activation and inhibition were induced with exogenous SDF-1 and survivin small interfering RNA (survivin siRNA), respectively. Western blot was used to detect relevant proteins in SDF-1/CXCR4 axis. Western blot analysis revealed that survivin expression in U-251 increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner in response to SDF-1 treatment. However, the interference with MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathway prohibited SDF-1-induced survivin up-regulation. Importantly, survivin knockdown abrogated cell cycle progression and the expression of snail and N-cadherin, compared with non-transfectants. In conclusion, the present study shows that SDF-1 up-regulates survivin via MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathway, leading to cell cycle progression and EMT occurrence dependent on survivin. The blockade of survivin will allow for the treatment of glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anyan Liao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University 3rd Hospital, No. 49 Hua Yuan Bei Lu, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Ranran Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuliang Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University 3rd Hospital, No. 49 Hua Yuan Bei Lu, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Suqing Tian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University 3rd Hospital, No. 49 Hua Yuan Bei Lu, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Panpan Li
- Shandong University School of Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fuxi Song
- Shandong University School of Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yalan Qu
- Shandong University School of Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinna Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University 3rd Hospital, No. 49 Hua Yuan Bei Lu, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Haiqin Yun
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangshan Yang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Survivin is a well-established target in experimental cancer therapy. The molecule is over-expressed in most human tumors, but hardly detectable in normal tissues. Multiple functions in different subcellular compartments have been assigned. It participates in the control of cell division, apoptosis, the cellular stress response, and also in the regulation of cell migration and metastasis. Survivin expression has been recognized as a biomarker: high expression indicates an unfavorable prognosis and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents and radiation treatment. Survivin is an unconventional drug target and several indirect approaches have been exploited to affect its function and the phenotype of survivin-expressing cells. Interference with the expression of the survivin gene, the utilization of its messenger RNA, the intracellular localization, the interaction with binding partners, the stability of the survivin protein, and the induction of survivin-specific immune responses have been taken into consideration. A direct strategy to inhibit survivin has been based on the identification of a specifically interacting peptide. This peptide can recognize survivin intracellularly and cause the degradation of the ligand–survivin complex. Technology is being developed that might allow the derivation of small molecular-weight, drug-like compounds that are functionally equivalent to the peptide ligand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Groner
- Georg Speyer Haus, Institute for Biomedical Research, Paul Ehrlich Str. 42, 60322, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fernández JG, Rodríguez DA, Valenzuela M, Calderon C, Urzúa U, Munroe D, Rosas C, Lemus D, Díaz N, Wright MC, Leyton L, Tapia JC, Quest AF. Survivin expression promotes VEGF-induced tumor angiogenesis via PI3K/Akt enhanced β-catenin/Tcf-Lef dependent transcription. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:209. [PMID: 25204429 PMCID: PMC4177250 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Early in cancer development, tumour cells express vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a secreted molecule that is important in all stages of angiogenesis, an essential process that provides nutrients and oxygen to the nascent tumor and thereby enhances tumor-cell survival and facilitates growth. Survivin, another protein involved in angiogenesis, is strongly expressed in most human cancers, where it promotes tumor survival by reducing apoptosis as well as favoring endothelial cell proliferation and migration. The mechanisms by which cancer cells induce VEGF expression and angiogenesis upon survivin up-regulation remain to be fully established. Since the PI3K/Akt signalling and β-catenin-Tcf/Lef dependent transcription have been implicated in the expression of many cancer-related genes, including survivin and VEGF, we evaluated whether survivin may favor VEGF expression, release from tumor cells and induction of angiogenesis in a PI3K/Akt-β-catenin-Tcf/Lef-dependent manner. Here, we provide evidence linking survivin expression in tumor cells to increased β-catenin protein levels, β-catenin-Tcf/Lef transcriptional activity and expression of several target genes of this pathway, including survivin and VEGF, which accumulates in the culture medium. Alternatively, survivin downregulation reduced β-catenin protein levels and β-catenin-Tcf/Lef transcriptional activity. Also, using inhibitors of PI3K and the expression of dominant negative Akt, we show that survivin acts upstream in an amplification loop to promote VEGF expression. Moreover, survivin knock-down in B16F10 murine melanoma cells diminished the number of blood vessels and reduced VEGF expression in tumors formed in C57BL/6 mice. Finally, in the chick chorioallantoid membrane assay, survivin expression in tumor cells enhanced VEGF liberation and blood vessel formation. Importantly, the presence of neutralizing anti-VEGF antibodies precluded survivin-enhanced angiogenesis in this assay. These findings provide evidence for the existance of a posititve feedback loop connecting survivin expression in tumor cells to PI3K/Akt enhanced β-catenin-Tcf/Lef-dependent transcription followed by secretion of VEGF and angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew Fg Quest
- Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares, Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula (CEMC), Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Khan S, Bennit HF, Wall NR. The emerging role of exosomes in survivin secretion. Histol Histopathol 2014; 30:43-50. [PMID: 25020159 DOI: 10.14670/hh-30.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment plays an integral part in the biology of cancer, participating in tumor initiation, progression, and response to therapy. Factors released by tumor cells themselves contribute in creating an environment mostly favorable but sometimes detrimental to the tumor. Survivin, one of the key members of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family of proteins, has been shown in the cytoplasm, mitochondria, nucleus, and most recently in the extracellular space, transported via small membrane bound vesicles called exosomes. Exosomes are secreted from hematopoietic, non-hematopoietic, tumor, and non-tumor cells, shuttling essential molecules such as proteins, RNAs, and microRNAs, all believed to be important for cell-cell and cell-extracellular communication. In this review, we discuss exosomal Survivin and its role in modifying the tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salma Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Heather Ferguson Bennit
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Nathan R Wall
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Survivin beyond physiology: orchestration of multistep carcinogenesis and therapeutic potentials. Cancer Lett 2014; 347:175-82. [PMID: 24560928 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, has been associated with protection from cell apoptosis and regulation of mitosis. Survivin exhibits low to undetectable expression in most finally differentiated adult tissues but is abundantly over-expressed in almost all cancers. The aberrant high expression of survivin in cancers is associated with advanced disease, increased rate of tumor recurrence, abbreviated overall survival and resistance to chemo- and radio- therapy. Survivin touches nearly every aspect of cancer and is involved in the initiation, maintenance and development of tumor. Therefore, its significance in cancer dictates the pursuit for anti-survivin cancer therapies.
Collapse
|
22
|
TAZ is required for metastatic activity and chemoresistance of breast cancer stem cells. Oncogene 2014; 34:681-90. [PMID: 24531710 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic growth in breast cancer (BC) has been proposed as an exclusive property of cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, formal proof of their identity as cells of origin of recurrences at distant sites and the molecular events that may contribute to tumor cell dissemination and metastasis development are yet to be elucidated. In this study, we analyzed a set of patient-derived breast cancer stem cell (BCSC) lines. We found that in vitro BCSCs exhibit a higher chemoresistance and migratory potential when compared with differentiated, nontumorigenic, breast cancer cells (dBCCs). By developing an in vivo metastatic model simulating the disease of patients with early BC, we observed that BCSCs is the only cell population endowed with metastatic potential. Gene-expression profile studies comparing metastagenic and non-metastagenic cells identified TAZ, a transducer of the Hippo pathway and biomechanical cues, as a central mediator of BCSCs metastatic ability involved in their chemoresistance and tumorigenic potential. Overexpression of TAZ in low-expressing dBCCs induced cell transformation and conferred tumorigenicity and migratory activity. Conversely, loss of TAZ in BCSCs severely impaired metastatic colonization and chemoresistance. In clinical data from 99 BC patients, high expression levels of TAZ were associated with shorter disease-free survival in multivariate analysis, thus indicating that TAZ may represent a novel independent negative prognostic factor. Overall, this study designates TAZ as a novel biomarker and a possible therapeutic target for BC.
Collapse
|
23
|
Rauch A, Hennig D, Schäfer C, Wirth M, Marx C, Heinzel T, Schneider G, Krämer OH. Survivin and YM155: how faithful is the liaison? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1845:202-20. [PMID: 24440709 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Revised: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Survivin belongs to the family of apoptosis inhibitors (IAPs), which antagonizes the induction of cell death. Dysregulated expression of IAPs is frequently observed in cancers, and the high levels of survivin in tumors compared to normal adult tissues make it an attractive target for pharmacological interventions. The small imidazolium-based compound YM155 has recently been reported to block the expression of survivin via inhibition of the survivin promoter. Recent data, however, question that this is the sole and main effect of this drug, which is already being tested in ongoing clinical studies. Here, we critically review the current data on YM155 and other new experimental agents supposed to antagonize survivin. We summarize how cells from various tumor entities and with differential expression of the tumor suppressor p53 respond to this agent in vitro and as murine xenografts. Additionally, we recapitulate clinical trials conducted with YM155. Our article further considers the potency of YM155 in combination with other anti-cancer agents and epigenetic modulators. We also assess state-of-the-art data on the sometimes very promiscuous molecular mechanisms affected by YM155 in cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anke Rauch
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute for Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Dorle Hennig
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute for Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Claudia Schäfer
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute for Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Wirth
- II Department of Internal Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Marx
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute for Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Thorsten Heinzel
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute for Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Günter Schneider
- II Department of Internal Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver H Krämer
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lee PJH, Rudenko D, Kuliszewski MA, Liao C, Kabir MG, Connelly KA, Leong-Poi H. Survivin gene therapy attenuates left ventricular systolic dysfunction in doxorubicin cardiomyopathy by reducing apoptosis and fibrosis. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 101:423-33. [PMID: 24403316 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate anti-apoptotic gene therapy using ultrasound-mediated plasmid delivery of survivin, an inhibitor of apoptosis protein, to prevent apoptosis and to attenuate left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction in a model of heart failure induced by doxorubicin. METHODS AND RESULTS Effect of survivin transduction was investigated in vitro in rat cardiomyoblasts. After survivin transduction, survivin protein was detected in cell culture supernate confirming secretion of extracellular survivin. Under doxorubicin stimulation, survivin-transduced cells had significantly reduced apoptosis; however, incubation with survivin-conditioned media also showed reduced apoptosis that was absent with null-conditioned media. Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy was established in Fischer rats. Subsets of animals underwent ultrasound-mediated survivin gene delivery or empty vector gene delivery at Week 3. Control rats received doxorubicin alone. Animals were studied using PCR, immunohistochemistry, echocardiography, and invasive haemodynamic studies out to Week 6. By Week 6, LV % fractional shortening by echocardiography and systolic function by pressure-volume loops were greater in survivin treated when compared with control- and empty-treated animals. There was reduced apoptosis by TUNEL and caspase activity in survivin-treated animals compared with control and empty treated at Week 4, with reduced interstitial fibrosis at Week 6. CONCLUSION Survivin gene therapy can attenuate the progression of LV systolic dysfunction in doxorubicin cardiomyopathy. This effect can be attributed to decreased myocyte apoptosis and prevention of maladaptive LV remodelling, by both direct myocyte transfection and potentially by paracrine mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J H Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, 6-044 Donnelly Wing, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 1W8
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Martin DT, Steinbach JM, Liu J, Shimizu S, Kaimakliotis HZ, Wheeler MA, Hittelman AB, Mark Saltzman W, Weiss RM. Surface-modified nanoparticles enhance transurothelial penetration and delivery of survivin siRNA in treating bladder cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 13:71-81. [PMID: 24222663 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Penetration of the bladder permeability barrier (BPB) is a major challenge when treating bladder diseases via intravesical delivery. To increase transurothelial migration and tissue and tumor cell uptake, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid; PLGA) nanoparticles (NP) were modified by addition of a low molecular weight (2.5 or 20 kDa) positively charged mucoadhesive polysaccharide, chitosan, to the NP surface. In designing these NPs, we balanced the adhesive properties of chitosan with the release and bioactivity of the siRNA. Chitosan-functionalized NPs demonstrated increased binding to and uptake in intravesically instilled mouse bladders and human ureter at 10 times the level of unmodified NPs. Furthermore, we extended the bioactivity of survivin siRNA in vitro for up to 9 days and demonstrated a decrease in proliferation when using chitosan-modified NPs relative to unmodified NPs. In addition, treatment of xenograft tumors with chitosan-modified NPs that encapsulate survivin siRNA (NP-siSUR-CH2.5) resulted in a 65% reduction in tumor volume and a 75% decrease in survivin expression relative to tumors treated with blank chitosan NPs (NP-Bk-CH2.5). Our low molecular weight chitosan delivery system has the capacity to transport large amounts of siRNA across the urothelium and/or to the tumor site, thus increasing therapeutic response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darryl T Martin
- Corresponding Author: Darryl T. Martin, Department of Urology, Yale University School of Medicine, 789 Howard Avenue, Fitkin 3, P.O. Box 208058, New Haven, CT 06520-8058.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hensley P, Mishra M, Kyprianou N. Targeting caspases in cancer therapeutics. Biol Chem 2013; 394:831-43. [PMID: 23509217 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2013-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The identification of the fundamental role of apoptosis in the growth balance and normal homeostasis against cell proliferation led to the recognition of its loss contributing to tumorigenesis. The mechanistic significance of reinstating apoptosis signaling towards selective targeting of malignant cells heavily exploits the caspase family of death-inducing molecules as a powerful therapeutic platform for the development of potent anticancer strategies. Some apoptosis inhibitors induce caspase expression and activity in preclinical models and clinical trials by targeting both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways and restoring the apoptotic capacity in human tumors. Furthermore, up-regulation of caspases emerges as a sensitizing mechanism for tumors exhibiting therapeutic resistance to radiation and adjuvant chemotherapy. This review provides a comprehensive discussion of the functional involvement of caspases in apoptosis control and the current understanding of reactivating caspase-mediated apoptosis signaling towards effective therapeutic modalities in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Hensley
- Department of Urology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Valenzuela M, Bravo D, Canales J, Sanhueza C, Díaz N, Almarza O, Toledo H, Quest AFG. Helicobacter pylori–Induced Loss of Survivin and Gastric Cell Viability Is Attributable to Secreted Bacterial Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase Activity. J Infect Dis 2013; 208:1131-41. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jit286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
|
28
|
Shah RD, Jagtap JC, Mruthyunjaya S, Shelke GV, Pujari R, Das G, Shastry P. Sodium valproate potentiates staurosporine-induced apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells via Akt/survivin independently of HDAC inhibition. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:854-63. [PMID: 23097134 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sodium valproate (VPA) has been recently identified as a selective class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor and explored for its potential as an anti-cancer agent. The anti-cancer properties of VPA are generally attributed to its HDAC inhibitory activity indicating a clear overlap of these two actions, but the underlying mechanisms of its anti-tumor effects are not clearly elucidated. The present study aimed to delineate the molecular mechanism of VPA in potentiating cytotoxic effects of anti-cancer drugs with focus on inhibition of HDAC activity. Using human neuroblastoma cell lines, SK-N-MC, SH-SY5Y, and SK-N-SH, we show that non-toxic dose (2 mM) of VPA enhanced staurosporine (STS)-induced cell death as assessed by MTT assay, PARP cleavage, hypodiploidy, and caspase 3 activity. Mechanistically, the effect of VPA was mediated by down regulation of survivin, an anti-apoptotic protein crucial in resistance to STS-mediated cytotoxicity, through Akt pathway. Knock down of class I HDAC isoforms remarkably inhibited HDAC activity comparable with that of VPA but had no effect on STS-induced apoptosis. Moreover, MS-275, a structurally distinct class I HDAC inhibitor did not affect STS-mediated apoptosis, nor decrease the levels of survivin and Akt. Valpromide (VPM), an amide analog of VPA that does not inhibit HDAC also potentiated cell death in NB cells associated with decreased survivin and Akt levels suggesting that HDAC inhibition might not be crucial for STS-induced apoptosis. The study provides new information on the possible molecular mechanism of VPA in apoptosis that can be explored in combination therapy in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reecha D Shah
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bertino P, Panigada M, Soprana E, Bianchi V, Bertilaccio S, Sanvito F, Rose AH, Yang H, Gaudino G, Hoffmann PR, Siccardi A, Carbone M. Fowlpox-based survivin vaccination for malignant mesothelioma therapy. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:612-23. [PMID: 23335100 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Survivin protein is an attractive candidate for cancer immunotherapy since it is abundantly expressed in most common human cancers and mostly absent in normal adult tissues. Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a deadly cancer associated with asbestos or erionite exposure for which no successful therapies are currently available. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of a novel survivin-based vaccine by subcutaneous or intraperitoneum injection of BALB/c mice with murine fiber-induced MM tumor cells followed by vaccination with recombinant Fowlpox virus replicons encoding survivin. Vaccination generated significant immune responses in both models, leading to delayed tumor growth and improved animal survival. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence analyses of tumors from vaccinated mice showed CD8(+) T-cell infiltration, and real-time PCR demonstrated increased mRNA and protein levels of immunostimulatory cytokines. Analyses of survivin peptide-pulsed spleen and lymph node cells from vaccinated mice using ELISPOT and intracellular cytokine staining confirmed antigen-specific, interferon-γ-producing CD8(+) T-cell responses. In addition pentamer-based flow cytometry showed that vaccination generated survivin-specific CD8(+) T cells. Importantly, vaccination did not affect fertility or induce autoimmune abnormalities in mice. Our results demonstrate that vaccination with recombinant Fowlpox expressing survivin improves T-cell responses against aggressive MM tumors and may form the basis for promising clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Bertino
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cerullo V, Koski A, Vähä-Koskela M, Hemminki A. Chapter eight--Oncolytic adenoviruses for cancer immunotherapy: data from mice, hamsters, and humans. Adv Cancer Res 2013; 115:265-318. [PMID: 23021247 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398342-8.00008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adenovirus is one of the most commonly used vectors for gene therapy and two products have already been approved for treatment of cancer in China (Gendicine(R) and Oncorine(R)). An intriguing aspect of oncolytic adenoviruses is that by their very nature they potently stimulate multiple arms of the immune system. Thus, combined tumor killing via oncolysis and inherent immunostimulatory properties in fact make these viruses in situ tumor vaccines. When further engineered to express cytokines, chemokines, tumor-associated antigens, or other immunomodulatory elements, they have been shown in various preclinical models to induce antigen-specific effector and memory responses, resulting both in full therapeutic cures and even induction of life-long tumor immunity. Here, we review the state of the art of oncolytic adenovirus, in the context of their capability to stimulate innate and adaptive arms of the immune system and finally how we can modify these viruses to direct the immune response toward cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Cerullo
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Division of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Endo K, Shackelford J, Aga M, Yoshizaki T, Pagano JS. Upregulation of special AT-rich-binding protein 1 by Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 in human nasopharyngeal cells and nasopharyngeal cancer. J Gen Virol 2012; 94:507-513. [PMID: 23223620 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.046243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A global regulator of chromatin remodelling and gene expression, special AT-rich-binding protein 1 (SATB1) has been implicated in promotion of growth and metastasis of a number of cancers. Here, we demonstrate that the principal oncogene of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) upregulates SATB1 RNA and protein expression in human nasopharyngeal cell lines. Silencing of endogenously expressed SATB1 with specific short hairpin RNA decreases cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis induced by growth factor withdrawal. Additionally, we provide evidence that LMP1-mediated expression of Survivin, a multifunctional protein involved in promoting cell growth and survival, is mediated at least in part by SATB1 in human nasopharyngeal cells. Finally, we show that SATB1 protein levels are elevated in tissue samples from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and are directly correlated with the expression of LMP1. Taken together, our results suggest that SATB1 functions as a pro-metastatic effector of LMP1 signalling in EBV-positive NPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhira Endo
- Division of Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Julia Shackelford
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Mitsuharu Aga
- Division of Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Tomokazu Yoshizaki
- Division of Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Joseph S Pagano
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Shi H, Liu L, Wang Z. Improving the efficacy and safety of engineered T cell therapy for cancer. Cancer Lett 2012; 328:191-7. [PMID: 23022475 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive T-cell therapy (ACT) using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is a powerful immunotherapeutics approach against metastatic melanoma. The success of TIL therapy has led to novel strategies for redirecting normal T cells to recognize tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) by genetically engineering tumor antigen-specific T cell receptors (TCRs) or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) genes. In this manner, large numbers of antigen-specific T cells can be rapidly generated compared with the longer term expansion of TILs. Great efforts have been made to improve these approaches. Initial clinical studies have demonstrated that genetically engineered T cells can mediate tumor regression in vivo. In this review, we discuss the development of TCR and CAR gene-engineered T cells and the safety concerns surrounding the use of these T cells in patients. We highlight the importance of judicious selection of TAAs for modified T cell therapy and propose solutions for potential "on-target, off-organ" toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Shi
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, No. 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, Shandong 250117, PR China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tomicic MT, Kaina B. Topoisomerase degradation, DSB repair, p53 and IAPs in cancer cell resistance to camptothecin-like topoisomerase I inhibitors. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2012; 1835:11-27. [PMID: 23006513 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Topoisomerase I (TOP1) inhibitors applied in cancer therapy such as topotecan and irinotecan are derivatives of the natural alkaloid camptothecin (CPT). The mechanism of CPT poisoning of TOP1 rests on inhibition of the re-ligation function of the enzyme resulting in the stabilization of the TOP1-cleavable complex. In the presence of CPTs this enzyme-DNA complex impairs transcription and DNA replication, resulting in fork stalling and the formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) in proliferating cells. As with most chemotherapeutics, intrinsic and acquired drug resistance represents a hurdle that limits the success of CPT therapy. Preclinical data indicate that resistance to CPT-based drugs might be caused by factors such as (a) poor drug accumulation in the tumor, (b) high rate of drug efflux, (c) mutations in TOP1 leading to failure in CPT docking, or (d) altered signaling triggered by the drug-TOP1-DNA complex, (e) expression of DNA repair proteins, and (f) failure to activate cell death pathways. This review will focus on the issues (d-f). We discuss degradation of TOP1 as part of the repair pathway in the processing of TOP1 associated DNA damage, give a summary of proteins involved in repair of CPT-induced replication mediated DSB, and highlight the role of p53 and inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), particularly XIAP and survivin, in cancer cell resistance to CPT-like chemotherapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maja T Tomicic
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Groner B, Weber A, Mack L. Increasing the range of drug targets: interacting peptides provide leads for the development of oncoprotein inhibitors. Bioengineered 2012; 3:320-5. [PMID: 22825353 DOI: 10.4161/bioe.21272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two limiting aspects are mainly responsible for the sluggish development of new cancer drugs. They concern the chemical properties of potential drug molecules and the structural prerequisites for drug targets. The chemical properties which are being considered desirable for potential drugs are rather restrictive and mainly dictated by the rules of oral availability. Drug target structures are mostly defined as molecules which comprise binding pockets for low molecular weight compounds. These low molecular weight compounds then serve as leads for the derivation of analogs which recognize the same site and which can function as competitive or irreversibly binding inhibitors. The extension of the range of drug targets and the design of suitable lead compounds will be one of the most challenging tasks for drug developers in the future. Such auxiliary drug target structures can be found in the complex networks of interacting proteins which constitute the intracellular signal transduction cascades. The transient assembly of high molecular weight complexes, based on the specific interactions of particular domains, and usually regulated by secondary modifications, propagates extracellular signals through the cytoplasm and into the nucleus. Aberrations in the formation of protein complexes, or in the regulation of their disassembly, often trigger pathological conditions. The interference with interactions of proteins or the interactions of proteins with DNA offer new opportunities for drug discovery and development. Protein complexes which are indispensable for the growth and survival of cancer cells, proteins to which these cells are "addicted," appear most suited for such an approach. Stat3 and Survivin have been used as model proteins. Specific peptide ligands able to recognize and suppress the functions of crucial interaction surfaces of these proteins have been derived and shown to be able to induce cancer cell death. However, further technology development is required to turn such ligands into useful drugs. The technology comprises three steps: (1) the identification of a peptide ligand which specifically interacts with a crucial functional domain of a target protein, (2) the induction of a desired cellular phenotype upon intracellular interaction of the peptide ligand with its target structure and (3) the replacement of the peptide ligand with a functionally equivalent low molecular weight, drug like compound and its optimization through medicinal chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Groner
- Georg Speyer Haus Institute for Biomedical Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gaca S, Reichert S, Rödel C, Rödel F, Kreuter J. Survivin-miRNA-loaded nanoparticles as auxiliary tools for radiation therapy: preparation, characterisation, drug release, cytotoxicity and therapeutic effect on colorectal cancer cells. J Microencapsul 2012; 29:685-94. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2012.680511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
36
|
Weiss A, Brill B, Borghouts C, Delis N, Mack L, Groner B. Survivin inhibition by an interacting recombinant peptide, derived from the human ferritin heavy chain, impedes tumor cell growth. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2012; 138:1205-20. [PMID: 22426960 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-012-1195-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteins involved in the aberrant regulation of signaling pathways and their downstream effectors are promising targets for cancer therapy. Survivin is an anti-apoptotic and cell cycle-promoting protein, which is consistently overexpressed in cancer cells. In normal cells, its expression is tightly controlled by signaling pathways and their associated transcriptional activators and repressors. In cancer cells, its expression is enhanced as a consequence of oncogenic signaling. We investigated the potential of a novel, peptide-based survivin inhibitor in breast cancer (SK-BR-3, MDA-MB-468) and glioblastoma (Tu9648) cells. These cells express high levels of survivin. MATERIALS AND METHODS We downregulated survivin expression in tumor cells with a lentiviral gene transfer vector encoding a specific shRNA and a recombinant fusion protein, rSip, comprising the FTH1-derived survivin interaction domain, the human thioredoxin and a protein transduction domain. RESULTS Downregulation of survivin expression decreased the growth and viability of tumor cells in culture and reduced growth of the cancer cells upon transplantation into immunodeficient mice. rSip selectively targets the anti-apoptotic function of survivin and causes tumor cell death. Non-transformed NIH/3T3 and MCF10A cells remain unaffected. CONCLUSIONS rSip provides a lead structure for the development of drugs targeting the tumor cell "addiction protein" survivin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Weiss
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Biomedical Research, Paul Ehrlich Str. 42-44, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|