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Transcriptional analysis of cystic fibrosis airways at single-cell resolution reveals altered epithelial cell states and composition. Nat Med 2021; 27:806-814. [PMID: 33958799 PMCID: PMC9009537 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01332-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a lethal autosomal recessive disorder that afflicts more than 70,000 people. People with CF experience multi-organ dysfunction resulting from aberrant electrolyte transport across polarized epithelia due to mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. CF-related lung disease is by far the most important determinant of morbidity and mortality. Here we report results from a multi-institute consortium in which single-cell transcriptomics were applied to define disease-related changes by comparing the proximal airway of CF donors (n = 19) undergoing transplantation for end-stage lung disease with that of previously healthy lung donors (n = 19). Disease-dependent differences observed include an overabundance of epithelial cells transitioning to specialized ciliated and secretory cell subsets coupled with an unexpected decrease in cycling basal cells. Our study yields a molecular atlas of the proximal airway epithelium that will provide insights for the development of new targeted therapies for CF airway disease.
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Carraro G, Mulay A, Yao C, Mizuno T, Konda B, Petrov M, Lafkas D, Arron JR, Hogaboam CM, Chen P, Jiang D, Noble PW, Randell SH, McQualter JL, Stripp BR. Single-Cell Reconstruction of Human Basal Cell Diversity in Normal and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Lungs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 202:1540-1550. [PMID: 32692579 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201904-0792oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Declining lung function in patients with interstitial lung disease is accompanied by epithelial remodeling and progressive scarring of the gas-exchange region. There is a need to better understand the contribution of basal cell hyperplasia and associated mucosecretory dysfunction to the development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).Objectives: We sought to decipher the transcriptome of freshly isolated epithelial cells from normal and IPF lungs to discern disease-dependent changes within basal stem cells.Methods: Single-cell RNA sequencing was used to map epithelial cell types of the normal and IPF human airways. Organoid and air-liquid interface cultures were used to investigate functional properties of basal cell subtypes.Measurements and Main Results: We found that basal cells included multipotent and secretory primed subsets in control adult lung tissue. Secretory primed basal cells include an overlapping molecular signature with basal cells obtained from the distal lung tissue of IPF lungs. We confirmed that NOTCH2 maintains undifferentiated basal cells and restricts basal-to-ciliated differentiation, and we present evidence that NOTCH3 functions to restrain secretory differentiation.Conclusions: Basal cells are dynamically regulated in disease and are specifically biased toward the expansion of the secretory primed basal cell subset in IPF. Modulation of basal cell plasticity may represent a relevant target for therapeutic intervention in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Carraro
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Apoorva Mulay
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Changfu Yao
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Takako Mizuno
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Bindu Konda
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Martin Petrov
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | | - Cory M Hogaboam
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Peter Chen
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dianhua Jiang
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Paul W Noble
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Scott H Randell
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - Jonathan L McQualter
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.,School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barry R Stripp
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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Ashraf MU, Iman K, Khalid MF, Salman HM, Shafi T, Rafi M, Javaid N, Hussain R, Ahmad F, Shahzad-Ul-Hussan S, Mirza S, Shafiq M, Afzal S, Hamera S, Anwar S, Qazi R, Idrees M, Qureshi SA, Chaudhary SU. Evolution of efficacious pangenotypic hepatitis C virus therapies. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:1091-1136. [PMID: 30506705 DOI: 10.1002/med.21554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C compromises the quality of life of more than 350 million individuals worldwide. Over the last decade, therapeutic regimens for treating hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections have undergone rapid advancements. Initially, structure-based drug design was used to develop molecules that inhibit viral enzymes. Subsequently, establishment of cell-based replicon systems enabled investigations into various stages of HCV life cycle including its entry, replication, translation, and assembly, as well as role of host proteins. Collectively, these approaches have facilitated identification of important molecules that are deemed essential for HCV life cycle. The expanded set of putative virus and host-encoded targets has brought us one step closer to developing robust strategies for efficacious, pangenotypic, and well-tolerated medicines against HCV. Herein, we provide an overview of the development of various classes of virus and host-directed therapies that are currently in use along with others that are undergoing clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman Ashraf
- Biomedical Informatics Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.,Virology Laboratory, Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kanzal Iman
- Biomedical Informatics Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farhan Khalid
- Biomedical Informatics Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Salman
- Biomedical Informatics Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.,Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Talha Shafi
- Biomedical Informatics Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Momal Rafi
- Department of Statistics, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Nida Javaid
- Department of Biology, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Hussain
- Biomedical Informatics Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fayyaz Ahmad
- Department of Statistics, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | | | - Shaper Mirza
- Department of Biology, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Samia Afzal
- Virology Laboratory, Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Hamera
- Department of Plant Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, University of Rostock, Germany
| | - Saima Anwar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Romena Qazi
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- Virology Laboratory, Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.,Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Sohail A Qureshi
- Institute of Integrative Biosciences, CECOS-University of Information Technology and Emerging Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Safee Ullah Chaudhary
- Biomedical Informatics Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Velmans T, Battefeld A, Geist B, Farrés AS, Strauss U, Bräuer AU. Plasticity-related gene 3 promotes neurite shaft protrusion. BMC Neurosci 2013; 14:36. [PMID: 23506325 PMCID: PMC3623789 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-14-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, we and others proposed plasticity-related gene 3 (PRG3) as a novel molecule in neuritogenesis based on PRG3 overexpression experiments in neuronal and non-neuronal cell lines. However, direct information on PRG3 effects in neuronal development and, in particular, its putative spatio-temporal distribution and conditions of action, is sparse. Results We demonstrate here that PRG3 induces filopodia formation in HEK293 cells depending on its N-glycosylation status. The PRG3 protein was strongly expressed during mouse brain development in vivo from embryonic day 16 to postnatal day 5 (E16 – P5). From P5 on, expression declined. Furthermore, in early, not yet polarized hippocampal cultured neurons, PRG3 was expressed along the neurite shaft. Knock-down of PRG3 in these neurons led to a decreased number of neurites. This phenotype is rescued by expression of an shRNA-resistant PRG3 construct in PRG3 knock-down neurons. After polarization, endogenous PRG3 expression shifted mainly to axons, specifically to the plasma membrane along the neurite shaft. These PRG3 pattern changes appeared temporally and spatially related to ongoing synaptogenesis. Therefore we tested (i) whether dendritic PRG3 re-enhancement influences synaptic currents and (ii) whether synaptic inputs contribute to the PRG3 shift. Our results rendered both scenarios unlikely: (i) PRG3 over-expression had no influence on miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSC) and (ii) blocking of incoming signals did not alter PRG3 distribution dynamics. In addition, PRG3 levels did not interfere with intrinsic neuronal properties. Conclusion Taken together, our data indicate that endogenous PRG3 promotes neurite shaft protrusion and therefore contributes to regulating filopodia formation in immature neurons. PRG3 expression in more mature neurons, however, is predominantly localized in the axon. Changes in PRG3 levels did not influence intrinsic or synaptic neuronal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Velmans
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Center for Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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