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Nano-Biomaterials for Retinal Regeneration. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11081880. [PMID: 34443710 PMCID: PMC8399153 DOI: 10.3390/nano11081880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscience and nanotechnology have revolutionized key areas of environmental sciences, including biological and physical sciences. Nanoscience is useful in interconnecting these sciences to find new hybrid avenues targeted at improving daily life. Pharmaceuticals, regenerative medicine, and stem cell research are among the prominent segments of biological sciences that will be improved by nanostructure innovations. The present review was written to present a comprehensive insight into various emerging nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles, nanowires, hybrid nanostructures, and nanoscaffolds, that have been useful in mice for ocular tissue engineering and regeneration. Furthermore, the current status, future perspectives, and challenges of nanotechnology in tracking cells or nanostructures in the eye and their use in modified regenerative ophthalmology mechanisms have also been proposed and discussed in detail. In the present review, various research findings on the use of nano-biomaterials in retinal regeneration and retinal remediation are presented, and these findings might be useful for future clinical applications.
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Challenging Safety and Efficacy of Retinal Gene Therapies by Retinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115767. [PMID: 34071252 PMCID: PMC8198227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene-expression programs modulated by transcription factors (TFs) mediate key developmental events. Here, we show that the synthetic transcriptional repressor (TR; ZF6-DB), designed to treat Rhodopsin-mediated autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (RHO-adRP), does not perturb murine retinal development, while maintaining its ability to block Rho expression transcriptionally. To express ZF6-DB into the developing retina, we pursued two approaches, (i) the retinal delivery (somatic expression) of ZF6-DB by Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector (AAV-ZF6-DB) gene transfer during retinogenesis and (ii) the generation of a transgenic mouse (germ-line transmission, TR-ZF6-DB). Somatic and transgenic expression of ZF6-DB during retinogenesis does not affect retinal function of wild-type mice. The P347S mouse model of RHO-adRP, subretinally injected with AAV-ZF6-DB, or crossed with TR-ZF6-DB or shows retinal morphological and functional recovery. We propose the use of developmental transitions as an effective mode to challenge the safety of retinal gene therapies operating at genome, transcriptional, and transcript levels.
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Zeng Y, Boyd R, Bartoe J, Wiley HE, Marangoni D, Wei LL, Sieving PA. "Para-retinal" Vector Administration into the Deep Vitreous Enhances Retinal Transgene Expression. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 18:422-427. [PMID: 32695844 PMCID: PMC7363691 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Intravitreal administration for human adeno-associated vector (AAV) delivery is easier and less traumatic to ocular tissues than subretinal injection, but it gives limited retinal transduction. AAV vectors are large (about 4,000 kDa) compared with most intraocular drugs, such as ranibizumab (48 kDa), and the large size impedes diffusion to reach the retina from the usual injection site in the anterior/mid-vitreous. Intuitively, a preferred placement for the vector would be deep in the vitreous near the retina, which we term “para-retinal” delivery. We explored the consequences of para-retinal intravitreal delivery in the rabbit eye and in non-human primate (NHP) eye. 1 h after para-retinal administration in the rabbit eye, the vector concentration near the retina remained four times greater than in the anterior vitreous, indicating limited vector diffusion through the gelatinous vitreous matrix. In NHP, para-retinal placement showed greater transduction in the fovea than vector applied in the mid-vitreous. More efficient retinal delivery translates to using lower vector doses, with reduced risk of ocular inflammatory exposure. These results indicate that para-retinal delivery yields more effective vector concentration near the retina, thereby increasing the potential for better retinal transduction in human clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zeng
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ryan Boyd
- Charles River Laboratories, Matawan, MI, USA
| | | | - Henry E Wiley
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dario Marangoni
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lisa L Wei
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul A Sieving
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Center for Ocular Regenerative Therapy; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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De Matteis V, Rizzello L. Noble Metals and Soft Bio-Inspired Nanoparticles in Retinal Diseases Treatment: A Perspective. Cells 2020; 9:E679. [PMID: 32164376 PMCID: PMC7140625 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We are witnessing an exponential increase in the use of different nanomaterials in a plethora of biomedical fields. We are all aware of how nanoparticles (NPs) have influenced and revolutionized the way we supply drugs or how to use them as therapeutic agents thanks to their tunable physico-chemical properties. However, there is still a niche of applications where NP have not yet been widely explored. This is the field of ocular delivery and NP-based therapy, which characterizes the topic of the current review. In particular, many efforts are being made to develop nanosystems capable of reaching deeper sections of the eye such as the retina. Particular attention will be given here to noble metal (gold and silver), and to polymeric nanoparticles, systems consisting of lipid bilayers such as liposomes or vesicles based on nonionic surfactant. We will report here the most relevant literature on the use of different types of NPs for an efficient delivery of drugs and bio-macromolecules to the eyes or as active therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria De Matteis
- Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi”, University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Loris Rizzello
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK;
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Zeng Y, Qian H, Wu Z, Marangoni D, Sieving PA, Bush RA. AAVrh-10 transduces outer retinal cells in rodents and rabbits following intravitreal administration. Gene Ther 2019; 26:386-398. [PMID: 31308478 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-019-0094-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) has been widely used for gene delivery in animal models and successfully applied in clinical trials for treating inherited retinal disease. Although subretinal delivery of AAVs can effectively transduce photoreceptors and/or retinal pigmental epithelium (RPE), cells most affected by inherited retinal diseases, the procedure is invasive and complicated, and only delivers the gene to a limited retinal area. AAVs can also be delivered intravitreally to the retina, a much less invasive nonsurgical procedure. However, intravitreal administration of non-modified AAV serotypes tends to transduce only ganglion cells and inner nuclear layer cells. To date, most non-modified AAV serotypes that have been identified are incapable of efficiently transducing photoreceptors and/or RPE when delivered intravitreally. In this study, we investigate the retinal tropism of AAVrh10 vector administered by intravitreal injection to mouse, rat, and rabbit eyes. Our results demonstrate that AAVrh10 is capable of transducing not only inner retinal cells, but also outer retinal cells in all three species, though the transduction efficiency in rabbit was low. In addition, AAVrh10 preferentially transduced outer retinal cells in mouse models of retinal disease. Therefore, AAVrh10 vector could be a useful candidate to intravitreally deliver genes to photoreceptor and RPE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zeng
- Section on Translational Research for Retinal and Macular Degeneration, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Haohua Qian
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhijian Wu
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dario Marangoni
- Section on Translational Research for Retinal and Macular Degeneration, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul A Sieving
- Section on Translational Research for Retinal and Macular Degeneration, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ronald A Bush
- Section on Translational Research for Retinal and Macular Degeneration, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Benfenati F, Lanzani G. New technologies for developing second generation retinal prostheses. Lab Anim (NY) 2018; 47:71-75. [PMID: 29483694 DOI: 10.1038/s41684-018-0003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Inherited or age-dependent retinal dystrophies such as Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and macular degeneration (MD) are among the most prevalent causes of blindness. Despite enormous efforts, no established pharmacological treatment to prevent or cure photoreceptor degeneration has been identified. Given the relative survival of the inner retina, attempts have been made to restore vision with optogenetics or with retinal neuroprostheses to allow light-dependent stimulation of the inner retinal network. While microelectrode and photovoltaic devices based on inorganic technologies have been proposed and in many cases implanted in RP patients, a new generation of prosthetics based on organic molecules, such as organic photoswitches and conjugated polymers, is demonstrating an unexpected potential for visual rescue and intimate interactions with functioning tissue. Organic devices are starting a new era of tissue electronics, in which light-sensitive molecules and live tissues integrate and tightly interact, producing a new ecosystem of organic prosthetics and intelligent biotic/abiotic interfaces. In addition to the retina, the applications of these interfaces might be extended in the future to other biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Benfenati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Guglielmo Lanzani
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milan, Italy
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Dong K, Han L, Liu J, Wang F, Sun X. RNA Interference Reveals the Coregulatory Effects of Cylindromatosis on Apoptosis and Necroptosis of Photoreceptor Cells in Experimental Retinal Detachment. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Fischer MD, Hickey DG, Singh MS, MacLaren RE. Evaluation of an Optimized Injection System for Retinal Gene Therapy in Human Patients. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2017; 27:150-8. [PMID: 27480111 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2016.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many retinal gene therapy clinical trials require subretinal injections of small volumes of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector solutions in patients with retinal dystrophies, using equipment not specifically designed for this purpose. We therefore evaluated an optimized injection system in order to identify variables that might influence the rate of injection and final dose of vector delivered. An optimized injection system was assembled with a 41G polytetrafluoroethylene tip for retinal gene therapy. Flow rate was recorded at relevant infusion pressures (2-22 psi [14-152 kPa]), different target pressures (0.02-30 mm Hg [0.003-4 kPa]) and temperatures (18°C vs. 36°C) using a semiautomated Accurus(®) Surgical System. Retention of AAV2/8 and AAV2/8(Y733F) vector was quantified after simulating loading/injection with or without 0.001% Pluronic(®) F-68 (PF-68). The optimized injection system provided a linear flow rate (μl/s)-to-infusion pressure (psi) relationship (y = 0.62x; r(2) = 0.99), independent of temperature and pressure changes relevant for intraocular surgery (18-36°C, 0.02-30 mm Hg). Differences in length of 41G polytetrafluoroethylene tips caused significant variation in flow rate (p < 0.001). Use of PF-68 significantly (p < 0.001) reduced loss of vector genomes in the injection system by 55% (AAV2/8) and 52% (AAV2/8(Y733F)). A customized subretinal injection system assembled using equipment currently available in the operating room can deliver a controlled volume of vector at a fixed rate across a range of possible clinical parameters encountered in vitreoretinal surgery. The inclusion of 0.001% PF-68 had a significant effect on the final dose of vector genomes delivered. The described technique is currently used successfully in a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dominik Fischer
- 1 Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom.,2 Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust , Oxford, United Kingdom.,3 University Eye Hospital , Centre for Ophthalmology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Doron G Hickey
- 1 Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mandeep S Singh
- 1 Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom.,2 Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust , Oxford, United Kingdom.,4 Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Robert E MacLaren
- 1 Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom.,2 Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust , Oxford, United Kingdom.,4 Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , Oxford, United Kingdom
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Takahashi K, Igarashi T, Miyake K, Kobayashi M, Yaguchi C, Iijima O, Yamazaki Y, Katakai Y, Miyake N, Kameya S, Shimada T, Takahashi H, Okada T. Improved Intravitreal AAV-Mediated Inner Retinal Gene Transduction after Surgical Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling in Cynomolgus Monkeys. Mol Ther 2017; 25:296-302. [PMID: 28129123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The retina is an ideal target for gene therapy because of its easy accessibility and limited immunological response. We previously reported that intravitreally injected adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector transduced the inner retina with high efficiency in a rodent model. In large animals, however, the efficiency of retinal transduction was low, because the vitreous and internal limiting membrane (ILM) acted as barriers to transduction. To overcome these barriers in cynomolgus monkeys, we performed vitrectomy (VIT) and ILM peeling before AAV vector injection. Following intravitreal injection of 50 μL triple-mutated self-complementary AAV serotype 2 vector encoding EGFP, transduction efficiency was analyzed. Little expression of GFP was detected in the control and VIT groups, but in the VIT+ILM group, strong GFP expression was detected within the peeled ILM area. To detect potential adverse effects, we monitored the retinas using color fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, and electroretinography. No serious side effects associated with the pretreatment were observed. These results indicate that surgical ILM peeling before AAV vector administration would be safe and useful for efficient transduction of the nonhuman primate retina and provide therapeutic benefits for the treatment of retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602 Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Igarashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602 Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Koichi Miyake
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602 Japan.
| | - Maika Kobayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Chiemi Yaguchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Osamu Iijima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602 Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Yamazaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602 Japan
| | - Yuko Katakai
- The Corporation for Production and Research of Laboratory Primates, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602 Japan
| | - Shuhei Kameya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Chiba 270-1694, Japan
| | - Takashi Shimada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takahashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602 Japan
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An Autogenously Regulated Expression System for Gene Therapeutic Ocular Applications. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17105. [PMID: 26597678 PMCID: PMC4656984 DOI: 10.1038/srep17105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The future of treating inherited and acquired genetic diseases will be defined by our ability to introduce transgenes into cells and restore normal physiology. Here we describe an autogenous transgene regulatory system (ARES), based on the bacterial lac repressor, and demonstrate its utility for controlling the expression of a transgene in bacteria, eukaryotic cells, and in the retina of mice. This ARES system is inducible by the small non-pharmacologic molecule, Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) that has no off-target effects in mammals. Following subretinal injection of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector encoding ARES, luciferase expression can be reversibly controlled in the murine retina by oral delivery of IPTG over three induction-repression cycles. The ability to induce transgene expression repeatedly via administration of an oral inducer in vivo, suggests that this type of regulatory system holds great promise for applications in human gene therapy.
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Biswas-Fiss EE, Affet S, Ha M, Biswas SB. Retinoid binding properties of nucleotide binding domain 1 of the Stargardt disease-associated ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter, ABCA4. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:44097-107. [PMID: 23144455 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.409623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The retina-specific ATP binding cassette transporter, ABCA4 protein, is associated with a broad range of inherited macular degenerations, including Stargardt disease, autosomal recessive cone rod dystrophy, and fundus flavimaculatus. In order to understand its role in retinal transport in rod out segment discs, we have investigated the interactions of the soluble domains of ABCA4 with both 11-cis- and all-trans-retinal. Using fluorescence anisotropy-based binding analysis and recombinant polypeptides derived from the amino acid sequences of the four soluble domains of ABCA4, we demonstrated that the nucleotide binding domain 1 (NBD1) specifically bound 11-cis-retinal. Its affinity for all-trans-retinal was markedly reduced. Stargardt disease-associated mutations in this domain resulted in attenuation of 11-cis-retinal binding. Significant differences in 11-cis-retinal binding affinities were observed between NBD1 and other cytoplasmic and lumenal domains of ABCA4. The results suggest a possible role of ABCA4 and, in particular, the NBD1 domain in 11-cis-retinal binding. These results also correlate well with a recent report on the in vivo role of ABCA4 in 11-cis-retinal transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther E Biswas-Fiss
- Department of Bioscience Technologies, Program in Biotechnology, Jefferson School of Health Professions, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
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