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Xu M, Zhu J, Wang Z, Yan J, Zhou X. Neuroprotective effect of autologous mitochondrial transplantation against global ischemia/reperfusion injury in a rat model of cardiac arrest. Mitochondrion 2024; 78:101924. [PMID: 38944369 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria have emerged as a promising target for ischemic disease. A previous study reported the application of mitochondrial transplantation in focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, but it is unclear whether exogenous mitochondrial transplantation could be a therapeutic strategy for global ischemia/reperfusion injury induced by cardiac arrest. METHODS We hypothesized that transplantation of autologous mitochondria would rescue hippocampal cells and alleviate neurological impairment after cardiac arrest. In this study, we employed a rat cardiac arrest-global cerebral ischemia injury model (CA-GCII) and transplanted isolated mitochondria intravenously. Behavior test was applied to assess neurological deficit. Apoptosis and mitochondria permeability transition pore opening in hippocampus was determined using immunoblotting and swelling assay, respectively. RESULTS Transplanted mitochondria distributed throughout hippocampal cells and reduced oxidative stress. An improved neurological outcome was observed in rats receiving autologous mitochondria. In the hippocampus, mitophagy was enhanced while cell apoptosis was induced by ischemia/reperfusion insult was downregulated by mitochondrial transplantation. Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening in surviving hippocampal cells was also suppressed. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that transplantation of autologous mitochondria rescued hippocampal cells from ischemia/reperfusion injury and ameliorated neurological impairment caused by cardiac arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- MengDa Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, General hospital of central theater command of PLA, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - JingYu Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, General hospital of central theater command of PLA, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, General hospital of central theater command of PLA, Wuhan, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Wiklund L, Sharma A, Patnaik R, Muresanu DF, Sahib S, Tian ZR, Castellani RJ, Nozari A, Lafuente JV, Sharma HS. Upregulation of hemeoxygenase enzymes HO-1 and HO-2 following ischemia-reperfusion injury in connection with experimental cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Neuroprotective effects of methylene blue. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 265:317-375. [PMID: 34560924 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in neuronal injuries after cardiac arrest. Increased production of carbon monoxide (CO) by the enzyme hemeoxygenase (HO) in the brain is induced by the oxidative stress. HO is present in the CNS in two isoforms, namely the inducible HO-1 and the constitutive HO-2. Elevated levels of serum HO-1 occurs in cardiac arrest patients and upregulation of HO-1 in cardiac arrest is seen in the neurons. However, the role of HO-2 in cardiac arrest is not well known. In this review involvement of HO-1 and HO-2 enzymes in the porcine brain following cardiac arrest and resuscitation is discussed based on our own observations. In addition, neuroprotective role of methylene blue- an antioxidant dye on alterations in HO under in cardiac arrest is also presented. The biochemical findings of HO-1 and HO-2 enzymes using ELISA were further confirmed by immunocytochemical approach to localize selective regional alterations in cardiac arrest. Our observations are the first to show that cardiac arrest followed by successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation results in significant alteration in cerebral concentrations of HO-1 and HO-2 levels indicating a prominent role of CO in brain pathology and methylene blue during CPR followed by induced hypothermia leading to superior neuroprotection after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), not reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Ranjana Patnaik
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Seaab Sahib
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Rudy J Castellani
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Yang K, Zeng L, Ge A, Chen Y, Wang S, Zhu X, Ge J. Exploring the Regulatory Mechanism of Hedysarum Multijugum Maxim.- Chuanxiong Rhizoma Compound on HIF-VEGF Pathway and Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury's Biological Network Based on Systematic Pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:601846. [PMID: 34248611 PMCID: PMC8267578 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.601846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Clinical research found that Hedysarum Multijugum Maxim.-Chuanxiong Rhizoma Compound (HCC) has definite curative effect on cerebral ischemic diseases, such as ischemic stroke and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIR). However, its mechanism for treating cerebral ischemia is still not fully explained. Methods: The traditional Chinese medicine related database were utilized to obtain the components of HCC. The Pharmmapper were used to predict HCC’s potential targets. The CIR genes were obtained from Genecards and OMIM and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) data of HCC’s targets and IS genes were obtained from String database. After that, the DAVID platform was applied for Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and pathway enrichment analysis. Finally, a series of animal experiments were carried out to further explore the mechanism of HCC intervention in CIR. Results: The prediction results of systematic pharmacology showed that HCC can regulate CIR-related targets (such as AKT1, MAPK1, CASP3, EGFR), biological processes (such as angiogenesis, neuronal axonal injury, blood coagulation, calcium homeostasis) and signaling pathways (such as HIF-1, VEGF, Ras, FoxO signaling). The experiments showed that HCC can improve the neurological deficit score, decrease the volume of cerebral infarction and up-regulate the expression of HIF-1α/VEGF and VEGFR protein and mRNA (p < 0.05). Conclusion: HCC may play a therapeutic role by regulating CIR-related targets, biological processes and signaling pathways found on this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Liuting Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Anqi Ge
- Galactophore Department, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,School of Graduate, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinwen Ge
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
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4
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Wang J, Bai T, Wang N, Li H, Guo X. Neuroprotective potential of imatinib in global ischemia-reperfusion-induced cerebral injury: possible role of Janus-activated kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and connexin 43. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 24:11-18. [PMID: 31908570 PMCID: PMC6940502 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2020.24.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to explore the neuroprotective role of imatinib in global ischemia-reperfusion-induced cerebral injury along with possible mechanisms. Global ischemia was induced in mice by bilateral carotid artery occlusion for 20 min, which was followed by reperfusion for 24 h by restoring the blood flow to the brain. The extent of cerebral injury was assessed after 24 h of global ischemia by measuring the locomotor activity (actophotometer test), motor coordination (inclined beam walking test), neurological severity score, learning and memory (object recognition test) and cerebral infarction (triphenyl tetrazolium chloride stain). Ischemia-reperfusion injury produced significant cerebral infarction, impaired the behavioral parameters and decreased the expression of connexin 43 and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) in the brain. A single dose administration of imatinib (20 and 40 mg/kg) attenuated ischemia-reperfusion-induced behavioral deficits and the extent of cerebral infarction along with the restoration of connexin 43 and p-STAT3 levels. However, administration of AG490, a selective Janus-activated kinase 2 (JAK2)/STAT3 inhibitor, abolished the neuroprotective actions of imatinib and decreased the expression of connexin 43 and p-STAT3. It is concluded that imatinib has the potential of attenuating global ischemia-reperfusion-induced cerebral injury, which may be possibly attributed to activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway along with the increase in the expression of connexin 43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieying Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Taomin Bai
- Department of Pediatrics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nana Wang
- Central Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiangyang Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
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Muresanu DF, Sharma A, Sahib S, Tian ZR, Feng L, Castellani RJ, Nozari A, Lafuente JV, Buzoianu AD, Sjöquist PO, Patnaik R, Wiklund L, Sharma HS. Diabetes exacerbates brain pathology following a focal blast brain injury: New role of a multimodal drug cerebrolysin and nanomedicine. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2020; 258:285-367. [PMID: 33223037 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Blast brain injury (bBI) is a combination of several forces of pressure, rotation, penetration of sharp objects and chemical exposure causing laceration, perforation and tissue losses in the brain. The bBI is quite prevalent in military personnel during combat operations. However, no suitable therapeutic strategies are available so far to minimize bBI pathology. Combat stress induces profound cardiovascular and endocrine dysfunction leading to psychosomatic disorders including diabetes mellitus (DM). This is still unclear whether brain pathology in bBI could exacerbate in DM. In present review influence of DM on pathophysiology of bBI is discussed based on our own investigations. In addition, treatment with cerebrolysin (a multimodal drug comprising neurotrophic factors and active peptide fragments) or H-290/51 (a chain-breaking antioxidant) using nanowired delivery of for superior neuroprotection on brain pathology in bBI in DM is explored. Our observations are the first to show that pathophysiology of bBI is exacerbated in DM and TiO2-nanowired delivery of cerebrolysin induces profound neuroprotection in bBI in DM, not reported earlier. The clinical significance of our findings with regard to military medicine is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Seaab Sahib
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Lianyuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Rudy J Castellani
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Per-Ove Sjöquist
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ranjana Patnaik
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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6
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He Y, Liu B, Yao P, Shao Y, Cheng Y, Zhao J, Wu J, Zhao ZW, Huang W, Christopher TA, Lopez B, Ma X, Cao Y. Adiponectin inhibits cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation‑induced apoptosis in brain by increasing autophagy involved in AdipoR1‑AMPK signaling. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:870-878. [PMID: 32468051 PMCID: PMC7339636 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that both apoptosis and autophagy contribute to global cerebral ischemia‑reperfusion (GCIR)‑induced neuronal death, which results from cardiac arrest (CA). However, the mechanism of how GCIR may affect the balance between apoptosis and autophagy resulting from CA remains to be elucidated. Additionally, the role of adiponectin (APN) in reversing the apoptosis and autophagy induced by GCIR following cardiac arrest‑cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA‑CPR) is unclear. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate how GCIR affect the apoptosis and autophagy in response to CA and to clarify whether APN may alter the apoptosis and autophagy of neuronal death in GCIR‑injured brain post‑CA‑CPR. Using normal controls (Sham group) and two experimental groups [CA‑CPR‑induced GCIR injury (PCAS) group and exogenous treatment with adiponectin post‑CA‑CPR (APN group)], it was demonstrated that both apoptosis and autophagy were observed simultaneously in the brain subjected to GCIR, but apoptosis appeared to be more apparent. Exogenous administration of APN significantly reduced the formation of malondialdehyde, a marker of oxidative stress and increased the expression of superoxide dismutase, an anti‑oxidative enzyme, resulting in the stimulation of autophagy, inhibition of apoptosis and reduced brain tissue injury (P<0.05 vs. PCAS). APN treatment increased the expression of APN receptor 1 (AdipR1) and the phosphorylation of AMP‑activated protein kinase (AMPK; Ser182) in brain tissues. In conclusion, GCIR induced apoptosis and inhibited autophagy, contributing to brain injury in CA‑CPR. By contrast, APN reduced the brain injury by reversing the changes of neuronal autophagy and apoptosis induced by GCIR. The possible mechanism might owe to its effects on the activation of AMPK after combining with AdipR1 on neurons, which suggests a novel intervention against GCIR injury in CA‑CPR conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarong He
- Emergency Medicine Department, West China Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Bofu Liu
- Emergency Medicine Department, West China Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Peng Yao
- Emergency Medicine Department, West China Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yuming Shao
- Emergency Medicine Department, West China Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yanwei Cheng
- Emergency Medicine Department, West China Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Emergency Medicine Department, West China Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Wu
- West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Wei Zhao
- West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Wen Huang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Theodore A Christopher
- Emergency Medicine Department, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Bernard Lopez
- Emergency Medicine Department, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Xinliang Ma
- Emergency Medicine Department, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Yu Cao
- Emergency Medicine Department, West China Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Li H, Liu L, Dang M, Zhang W, Liu J. Increased susceptibility of mice obtained from in vitro fertilization to global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury: possible role of hydrogen sulphide and its biosynthetic enzymes. Int J Neurosci 2019; 130:533-540. [PMID: 31516045 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1667797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aim of the Study: This study was designed to explore the relative susceptibility of in vitro fertilization (IVF)-conceived mice to global cerebral ischemic injury with the possible role of hydrogen sulphide and enzymes responsible for its production.Materials and Methods: IVF was carried to obtain pups, which were allowed to grow to the age of eight weeks. Thereafter, male mice were subjected to 20 min of global ischemia and 24 h of reperfusion. The mice obtained from other groups including normal mating, superovulation but normal mating and normal mating but embryo implantation were also subjected to global ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury.Results: IVF-derived mice exhibited significant more injury in response to I/R injury in comparison to other groups assessed in terms of impairment in locomotor activity, development of motor in coordination, neurological severity score, cerebral infarction and apoptosis markers (caspase-3 activity and Bcl-2 expression). Moreover, there was a relative decrease in the brain levels of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and its biosynthetic enzymes viz. cystathionine-β-synthase and cystathionine-γ-lyase. Interestingly, the levels of H2S and cystathionine-γ-lyase were significantly low in IVF-derived mice in basal conditions also, i.e. before subjecting to I/R injury and these biochemical alterations were associated with the behavioural deficits in mice, even before subjecting to I/R injury.Conclusion: It is concluded that in vitro fertilization-derived mice are more susceptible to global cerebral I/R injury, which may be possibly due to decreased levels of hydrogen sulphide and its biosynthetic enzymes viz., cystathionine-β-synthase and cystathionine-γ-lyase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Minyan Dang
- Innoscience Research Sdn. Bhd, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Wenzhi Zhang
- Innoscience Research Sdn. Bhd, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, China
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Involvement of Endothelin-1, H 2S and Nrf2 in Beneficial Effects of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning in Global Cerebral Ischemia-Induced Vascular Dementia in Mice. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 39:671-686. [PMID: 31025223 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00670-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study explored the role of endothelin-1, H2S, and Nrf2 in remote preconditioning (RIPC)-induced beneficial effects in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced vascular dementia. Mice were subjected to 20 min of global ischemia by occluding both carotid arteries to develop vascular dementia, which was assessed using Morris water maze test on 7th day. RIPC was given by subjecting hind limb to four cycles of ischemia (5 min) and reperfusion (5 min) and it significantly restored I/R-induced locomotor impairment, neurological severity score, cerebral infarction, apoptosis markers along with deficits in learning and memory. Biochemically, there was increase in the plasma levels of endothelin-1 along with increase in the brain levels of H2S and its biosynthetic enzymes viz., cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine-γ-lyase (CLS). There was also an increase in the expression of Nrf2 and glutathione reductase in the brain in response to RIPC. Pretreatment with bosentan (dual blocker of ETA and ETB receptors), amino-oxyacetic acid (CBS synthase inhibitor), and DL-propargylglycine (CLS inhibitor) significantly attenuated RIPC-mediated beneficial effects and biochemical alterations. The effects of bosentan on behavioral and biochemical parameters were more significant than individual treatments with CBS or CLS inhibitors. Moreover, CBS and CLS inhibitors did not alter the endothelin-1 levels possibly suggesting that endothelin-1 may act as upstream mediator of H2S. It is concluded that RIPC may stimulate the release endothelin-1, which may activate CBS and CLS to increase the levels of H2S and latter may increase the expression of Nrf2 to decrease oxidative stress and prevent vascular dementia.
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9
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Gong B, Dong Y, He C, Jiang W, Shan Y, Zhou BY, Li W. Intravenous Transplants of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Protect the Rat Brain From Ischemia-Induced Damage. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018; 28:595-603. [PMID: 30482485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survival following cardiac arrest (CA) and subsequent cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), to a great extent, depends on brain damage. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), as a source of paracrine growth factors and the capacity of neural differentiation may reduce this brain damage. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to evaluate the protection of ADSCs to brain damage following CPR. METHODS Rats were divided into 3 groups, sham, CA, and ADSCs group. Rats in sham group went through sham surgery. Rats in CA group went through CA, CPR, and injection PBS (phosphate buffer saline). Rats in ADSCs group went through CA, CPR, and intravenous injection of ADSCs. Rats in sham group were sacrificed immediately after operation. At 24, 72, and 168 hours after return of spontaneous circulation operation, rats in CA and ADSCs group were randomly selected and sacrificed. Brain damage was evaluated by using Neurological Deficit Scale (NDS) score, hippocampal pathology, serum level of S100β, and apoptosis ratio of hippocampal neurons. Protein of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and IL-6 (interleukin-6) in the hippocampus were detected. RESULTS Compared with sham group, CA and ADSCs group showed a decrease in NDS score, an increased apoptosis ratio of hippocampal nerve cells, increased serum level of S100-β, and a significant increase in neuroprotective IL-6 and BDNF. In comparison to CA group, ADSCs group had a mild degree of brain damage and higher expression of IL-6 and BDNF. CONCLUSIONS In the acute stage of cerebral injury following CA, ADSCs might improve the prognosis of brain damage by stimulating the expression of neuroprotective IL-6 and BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gong
- Department of Emergency, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China; Deparment of emergency, Hankou Branch of Central Theater General Hospital, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yongpin Dong
- Department of Emergency, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chao He
- Department of Emergency, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Weiwei Jiang
- Department of Emergency, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yi Shan
- Department of Emergency, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Betty Y Zhou
- Shenzhen Alpha-biotechnology Inc. Shenzhen, PR China.
| | - Wenfang Li
- Department of Emergency, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China.
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10
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Jakkula P, Reinikainen M, Hästbacka J, Pettilä V, Loisa P, Karlsson S, Laru-Sompa R, Bendel S, Oksanen T, Birkelund T, Tiainen M, Toppila J, Hakkarainen A, Skrifvars MB. Targeting low- or high-normal Carbon dioxide, Oxygen, and Mean arterial pressure After Cardiac Arrest and REsuscitation: study protocol for a randomized pilot trial. Trials 2017; 18:507. [PMID: 29084585 PMCID: PMC5663085 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-017-2257-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2), oxygen tension (PaO2), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) are modifiable factors that affect cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral oxygen delivery, and potentially the course of brain injury after cardiac arrest. No evidence regarding optimal treatment targets exists. Methods The Carbon dioxide, Oxygen, and Mean arterial pressure After Cardiac Arrest and REsuscitation (COMACARE) trial is a pilot multi-center randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessing the feasibility of targeting low- or high-normal PaCO2, PaO2, and MAP in comatose, mechanically ventilated patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), as well as its effect on brain injury markers. Using a 23 factorial design, participants are randomized upon admission to an intensive care unit into one of eight groups with various combinations of PaCO2, PaO2, and MAP target levels for 36 h after admission. The primary outcome is neuron-specific enolase (NSE) serum concentration at 48 h after cardiac arrest. The main feasibility outcome is the between-group differences in PaCO2, PaO2, and MAP during the 36 h after ICU admission. Secondary outcomes include serum concentrations of NSE, S100 protein, and cardiac troponin at 24, 48, and 72 h after cardiac arrest; cerebral oxygenation, measured with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS); potential differences in epileptic activity, monitored via continuous electroencephalogram (EEG); and neurological outcomes at six months after cardiac arrest. Discussion The trial began in March 2016 and participant recruitment has begun in all seven study sites as of March 2017. Currently, 115 of the total of 120 patients have been included. When completed, the results of this trial will provide preliminary clinical evidence regarding the feasibility of targeting low- or high-normal PaCO2, PaO2, and MAP values and its effect on developing brain injury, brain oxygenation, and epileptic seizures after cardiac arrest. The results of this trial will be used to evaluate whether a larger RCT on this subject is justified. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02698917. Registered on 26 January 2016. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-017-2257-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Jakkula
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | - Johanna Hästbacka
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ville Pettilä
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Loisa
- Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marjaana Tiainen
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Toppila
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Hakkarainen
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus B Skrifvars
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Australia and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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11
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TAT-PEP, a novel blocker of PirB, enhances the recovery of cognitive function in mice after transient global cerebral ischemia. Behav Brain Res 2017; 326:322-330. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Ya BL, Li HF, Wang HY, Wu F, Xin Q, Cheng HJ, Li WJ, Lin N, Ba ZH, Zhang RJ, Liu Q, Li YN, Bai B, Ge F. 5-HMF attenuates striatum oxidative damage via Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway following transient global cerebral ischemia. Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:55-65. [PMID: 27812888 PMCID: PMC5225060 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0742-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (5-HMF) has favorable biological effects, and its neuroprotection in a variety of neurological diseases has been noted. Our previous study showed that treatment of 5-HMF led to protection against permanent global cerebral ischemia. However, the underlying mechanisms in cerebral ischemic injury are not fully understood. This study was conducted to investigate the neuroprotective effect of 5-HMF and elucidate the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway mechanism in the striatum after transient global cerebral ischemia. C57BL/6 mice were subjected to bilateral common carotid artery occlusion for 20 min and sacrificed 24 h after reperfusion. 5-HMF (12 mg/kg) or an equal volume of vehicle was intraperitoneally injected 30 min before ischemia and 5 min after the onset of reperfusion. At 24 h after reperfusion, neurological function was evaluated by neurological disability status scale, locomotor activity test and inclined beam walking test. Histological injury of the striatum was observed by cresyl violet staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dNTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Oxidative stress was evaluated by the carbonyl groups introduced into proteins, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based measurement was used to detect Nrf2 DNA binding activity. Nrf2 and its downstream ARE pathway protein expression such as heme oxygenase-1, NAD (P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit and glutamate-cysteine ligase modulatory subunit were detected by western blot. Our results showed that 5-HMF treatment significantly ameliorated neurological deficits, reduced brain water content, attenuated striatum neuronal damage, decreased the carbonyl groups and MDA levels, and activated Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. Taken together, these results demonstrated that 5-HMF exerted significant antioxidant and neuroprotective effects following transient cerebral ischemia, possibly through the activation of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai-Liu Ya
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, 16 He-hua Street, Bei-hu District, Jining, Shandong, 272067, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Fang Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272129, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Ying Wang
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, 16 He-hua Street, Bei-hu District, Jining, Shandong, 272067, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, 16 He-hua Street, Bei-hu District, Jining, Shandong, 272067, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Xin
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, 16 He-hua Street, Bei-hu District, Jining, Shandong, 272067, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Ju Cheng
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, 16 He-hua Street, Bei-hu District, Jining, Shandong, 272067, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Juan Li
- School of Forensic and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Lin
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, 16 He-hua Street, Bei-hu District, Jining, Shandong, 272067, People's Republic of China
| | - Zai-Hua Ba
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, 16 He-hua Street, Bei-hu District, Jining, Shandong, 272067, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru-Juan Zhang
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, 272011, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Nan Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Bai
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, 16 He-hua Street, Bei-hu District, Jining, Shandong, 272067, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Ge
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, 16 He-hua Street, Bei-hu District, Jining, Shandong, 272067, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Mulder M, Geocadin RG. Neurology of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2017; 141:593-617. [PMID: 28190437 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63599-0.00032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This chapter aims to provide an up-to-date review of the science and clinical practice pertaining to neurologic injury after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The past two decades have seen a major shift in the science and practice of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, with a major emphasis on postresuscitation neurologic care. This chapter provides a nuanced and thoughtful historic and bench-to-bedside overview of the neurologic aspects of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. A particular emphasis is made on the anatomy and pathophysiology of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, up-to-date management of survivors of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and a careful discussion on neurologic outcome prediction. Guidance to practice evidence-based clinical care when able and thoughtful, pragmatic suggestions for care where evidence is lacking are also provided. This chapter serves as both a useful clinical guide and an updated, thorough, and state-of-the-art reference on the topic for advanced students and experienced practitioners in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mulder
- Department of Critical Care and the John Nasseff Neuroscience Institute, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Allina Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - R G Geocadin
- Neurosciences Critical Care Division, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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14
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Eastwood GM, Schneider AG, Suzuki S, Peck L, Young H, Tanaka A, Mårtensson J, Warrillow S, McGuinness S, Parke R, Gilder E, Mccarthy L, Galt P, Taori G, Eliott S, Lamac T, Bailey M, Harley N, Barge D, Hodgson CL, Morganti-Kossmann MC, Pébay A, Conquest A, Archer JS, Bernard S, Stub D, Hart GK, Bellomo R. Targeted therapeutic mild hypercapnia after cardiac arrest: A phase II multi-centre randomised controlled trial (the CCC trial). Resuscitation 2016; 104:83-90. [PMID: 27060535 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In intensive care observational studies, hypercapnia after cardiac arrest (CA) is independently associated with improved neurological outcome. However, the safety and feasibility of delivering targeted therapeutic mild hypercapnia (TTMH) for such patients is untested. METHODS In a phase II safety and feasibility multi-centre, randomised controlled trial, we allocated ICU patients after CA to 24h of targeted normocapnia (TN) (PaCO2 35-45mmHg) or TTMH (PaCO2 50-55mmHg). The primary outcome was serum neuron specific enolase (NSE) and S100b protein concentrations over the first 72h assessed in the first 50 patients surviving to day three. Secondary end-points included global measure of function assessment at six months and mortality for all patients. RESULTS We enrolled 86 patients. Their median age was 61 years (58, 64 years) and 66 (79%) were male. Of these, 50 patients (58%) survived to day three for full biomarker assessment. NSE concentrations increased in the TTMH group (p=0.02) and TN group (p=0.005) over time, with the increase being significantly more pronounced in the TN group (p(interaction)=0.04). S100b concentrations decreased over time in the TTMH group (p<0.001) but not in the TN group (p=0.68). However, the S100b change over time did not differ between the groups (p(interaction)=0.23). At six months, 23 (59%) TTMH patients had good functional recovery compared with 18 (46%) TN patients. Hospital mortality occurred in 11 (26%) TTMH patients and 15 (37%) TN patients (p=0.31). CONCLUSIONS In CA patients admitted to the ICU, TTMH was feasible, appeared safe and attenuated the release of NSE compared with TN. These findings justify further investigation of this novel treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn M Eastwood
- Department of Intensive Care Austin Hospital, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Antoine G Schneider
- Service de Médecine Intensive Adult Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Satoshi Suzuki
- Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Leah Peck
- Department of Intensive Care Austin Hospital, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Helen Young
- Department of Intensive Care Austin Hospital, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Aiko Tanaka
- Department of Intensive Care Austin Hospital, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Johan Mårtensson
- Department of Intensive Care Austin Hospital, Victoria, Australia.
| | | | - Shay McGuinness
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Rachael Parke
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Eileen Gilder
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Lianne Mccarthy
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Pauline Galt
- Department of Intensive Care Monash Medical Centre, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Gopal Taori
- Department of Intensive Care Monash Medical Centre, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Suzanne Eliott
- Department of Intensive Care Monash Medical Centre, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Tammy Lamac
- Department of Intensive Care Eastern Health, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Michael Bailey
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Nerina Harley
- Department of Intensive Care Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Deborah Barge
- Department of Intensive Care Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Carol L Hodgson
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University Physiotherapy Department, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Maria Cristina Morganti-Kossmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, and Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| | - Alice Pébay
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Alison Conquest
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - John S Archer
- Department of Medicine The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Stephen Bernard
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Dion Stub
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Graeme K Hart
- Department of Intensive Care Austin Hospital, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Rinaldo Bellomo
- Department of Intensive Care Austin Hospital, Victoria, Australia.
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15
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Bellomo R, Märtensson J, Eastwood GM. Metabolic and electrolyte disturbance after cardiac arrest: How to deal with it. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2015; 29:471-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Kudenchuk PJ, Sandroni C, Drinhaus HR, Böttiger BW, Cariou A, Sunde K, Dworschak M, Taccone FS, Deye N, Friberg H, Laureys S, Ledoux D, Oddo M, Legriel S, Hantson P, Diehl JL, Laterre PF. Breakthrough in cardiac arrest: reports from the 4th Paris International Conference. Ann Intensive Care 2015; 5:22. [PMID: 26380990 PMCID: PMC4573754 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-015-0064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Jean-Luc Diehl The French Intensive Care Society organized on 5th and 6th June 2014 its 4th "Paris International Conference in Intensive Care", whose principle is to bring together the best international experts on a hot topic in critical care medicine. The 2014 theme was "Breakthrough in cardiac arrest", with many high-quality updates on epidemiology, public health data, pre-hospital and in-ICU cares. The present review includes short summaries of the major presentations, classified into six main chapters: Epidemiology of CA Pre-hospital management Post-resuscitation management: targeted temperature management Post-resuscitation management: optimizing organ perfusion and metabolic parameters Neurological assessment of brain damages Public healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudio Sandroni
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
| | - Hendrik R Drinhaus
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Koeln, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Bernd W Böttiger
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Koeln, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Alain Cariou
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, AP-HP, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France.
- Paris Descartes University and Sorbonne Paris Cité-Medical School and INSERM U970 (Team 4), Cardiovascular Research Center, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France.
| | - Kjetil Sunde
- Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Department of Anaesthesiology, Surgical Intensive Care Unit Ullevål, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Martin Dworschak
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Fabio Silvio Taccone
- Department of Intensive Care, Laboratoire de Recherche Experimentale, Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Nicolas Deye
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, AP-HP, Lariboisière University Hospital, Inserm U942, Paris, France.
| | - Hans Friberg
- Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Steven Laureys
- Coma Science Group, Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liège and Liège 2 Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Didier Ledoux
- Coma Science Group, Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liège and Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Mauro Oddo
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, CHUV-University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Stéphane Legriel
- Intensive Care Unit, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, France.
| | - Philippe Hantson
- Department of Intensive Care, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jean-Luc Diehl
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, AP-HP, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris Descartes University and Sorbonne Paris Cité-Medical School, Paris, France.
| | - Pierre-Francois Laterre
- Department of Intensive Care, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.
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Evora PRB, Alves Junior L, Ferreira CA, Menardi AC, Bassetto S, Rodrigues AJ, Scorzoni Filho A, Vicente WVDA. Twenty years of vasoplegic syndrome treatment in heart surgery. Methylene blue revised. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2015; 30:84-92. [PMID: 25859872 PMCID: PMC4389523 DOI: 10.5935/1678-9741.20140115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was conducted to reassess the concepts established over the past 20
years, in particular in the last 5 years, about the use of methylene blue in the
treatment of vasoplegic syndrome in cardiac surgery. Methods A wide literature review was carried out using the data extracted from: MEDLINE,
SCOPUS and ISI WEB OF SCIENCE. Results The reassessed and reaffirmed concepts were 1) MB is safe in the recommended doses
(the lethal dose is 40 mg/kg); 2) MB does not cause endothelial dysfunction; 3)
The MB effect appears in cases of NO up-regulation; 4) MB is not a
vasoconstrictor, by blocking the cGMP pathway it releases the cAMP pathway,
facilitating the norepinephrine vasoconstrictor effect; 5) The most used dosage is
2 mg/kg as IV bolus, followed by the same continuous infusion because plasma
concentrations sharply decrease in the first 40 minutes; and 6) There is a
possible "window of opportunity" for MB's effectiveness. In the last five years,
major challenges were: 1) Observations about side effects; 2) The need for
prophylactic and therapeutic guidelines, and; 3) The need for the establishment of
the MB therapeutic window in humans. Conclusion MB action to treat vasoplegic syndrome is time-dependent. Therefore, the great
challenge is the need, for the establishment the MB therapeutic window in humans.
This would be the first step towards a systematic guideline to be followed by
possible multicenter studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Roberto Barbosa Evora
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lafaiete Alves Junior
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cesar Augusto Ferreira
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Antônio Carlos Menardi
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Solange Bassetto
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Alfredo José Rodrigues
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Adilson Scorzoni Filho
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Cardiac Arrest Alters Regional Ubiquitin Levels in Association with the Blood–Brain Barrier Breakdown and Neuronal Damages in the Porcine Brain. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 52:1043-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9254-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Wadowska M, Woods J, Rogozinska M, Briones TL. Neuroprotective effects of enriched environment housing after transient global cerebral ischaemia are associated with the upregulation of insulin-like growth factor-1 signalling. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2015; 41:544-56. [PMID: 24750178 PMCID: PMC4201886 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aims Use of enriched environment (EE) housing has been shown to promote recovery from cerebral ischaemic injury but the underlying mechanisms of their beneficial effects remains unclear. Here we examined whether the beneficial effects of EE housing on ischaemia‐induced neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment are associated with increased insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) signalling in the hippocampus. Methods Forty‐two adult male Wistar rats were included in the study and received either ischaemia or sham surgery. Rats in each group were further randomized to either: EE or standard laboratory cage housing (control). Rats were placed in their assigned housing condition immediately after recovery from anaesthesia. Behavioural testing in the cued learning and discrimination learning tasks were conducted 2 weeks after ischaemia. Rats were euthanized after behavioural testing and the hippocampus was analysed for IGF‐1 level, IGF‐1 receptor (IGF‐1R) activation, protein kinase B (Akt) pathway activation, neurone loss and caspase 3 expression. Results Our data showed that EE housing: (1) mitigated ischaemia‐induced neuronal loss; (2) attenuated ischaemia‐induced increase in caspase 3 immunoreactivity in the hippocampus; (3) ameliorated ischaemia‐induced cognitive impairments; and (4) increased IGF‐1R activation and signalling through the Akt pathway after ischaemic injury. Conclusion Ultimately, these findings suggest the possibility that IGF‐1 signalling may be one of the underlying mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of EE in optimizing recovery following cerebral ischaemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wadowska
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Julie Woods
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Magdalena Rogozinska
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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20
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Eastwood GM, Schneider AG, Suzuki S, Bailey M, Bellomo R. A pilot feasibility, safety and biological efficacy multicentre trial of therapeutic hypercapnia after cardiac arrest: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2015; 16:135. [PMID: 25872502 PMCID: PMC4393877 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-015-0676-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac arrest causes ischaemic brain injury. Arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) is a major determinant of cerebral blood flow. Thus, mild hypercapnia in the 24 h following cardiac arrest may increase cerebral blood flow and attenuate such injury. We describe the Carbon Control and Cardiac Arrest (CCC) trial. METHODS/DESIGN The CCC trial is a pilot multicentre feasibility, safety and biological efficacy randomized controlled trial recruiting adult cardiac arrest patients admitted to the intensive care unit after return of spontaneous circulation. At admission, using concealed allocation, participants are randomized to 24 h of either normocapnia (PaCO2 35 to 45 mmHg) or mild hypercapnia (PaCO2 50 to 55 mmHg). Key feasibility outcomes are recruitment rate and protocol compliance rate. The primary biological efficacy and biological safety measures are the between-groups difference in serum neuron-specific enolase and S100b protein levels at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. Secondary outcome measure include adverse events, in-hospital mortality, and neurological assessment at 6 months. DISCUSSION The trial commenced in December 2012 and, when completed, will provide clinical evidence as to whether targeting mild hypercapnia for 24 h following intensive care unit admission for cardiac arrest patients is feasible and safe and whether it results in decreased concentrations of neurological injury biomarkers compared with normocapnia. Trial results will also be used to determine whether a phase IIb study powered for survival at 90 days is feasible and justified. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12612000690853 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn M Eastwood
- Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Australia New Zealand Intensive Care Society - Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Antoine G Schneider
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Burn Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Satoshi Suzuki
- Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Michael Bailey
- Australia New Zealand Intensive Care Society - Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Rinaldo Bellomo
- Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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21
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The impact of oxygen and carbon dioxide management on outcome after cardiac arrest. Curr Opin Crit Care 2014; 20:266-72. [DOI: 10.1097/mcc.0000000000000084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Gornik I, Wagner J, Gašparović V, Miličić D, Degoricija V, Skorić B, Gornik O, Lauc G. Prognostic value of cell-free DNA in plasma of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors at ICU admission and 24h post-admission. Resuscitation 2014; 85:233-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hypoxia-Related Brain Dysfunction in Forensic Medicine. NEUROTRANSMITTER INTERACTIONS AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION 2014; 837:49-56. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2014_84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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