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Jiang M, Gao L, Huang R, Lin X, Gao G. Differential responses of bloom-forming Ulva intestinalis and economically important Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis to marine heatwaves under changing nitrate conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 840:156591. [PMID: 35688236 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are affecting the survival of macroalgae. However, little is known regarding how the impacts of MHWs are regulated by nitrogen availability. In this study, we investigated the physiological and genetic responses of a green-tide macroalga Ulva intestinalis Linnaeus and a commercially cultivated macroalga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Bory) E.Y. Dawson, Acleto & Foldvik under different nitrate conditions to simulated MHWs. Under nitrogen limited conditions (LN), heatwaves did not significantly affect biomass or Fv/Fm of U. intestinalis although it led to an earlier biomass decline due to more reproduction events, and meanwhile an upregulation in genes related to TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation was detected, supporting sporulation. Under nitrogen replete conditions (HN), heatwaves did not change biomass, Fv/Fm or photosynthetic pigments but reduced reproduction rate along with insignificant change of oxidative phosphorylation and TCA cycle related genes. Meanwhile, genes related to photosynthesis and glutathione metabolism were upregulated. Regarding G. lemaneiformis, heatwaves reduced its Fv/Fm and photosynthetic pigments content, leading to bleaching and death, and photosynthesis-related genes were also downregulated at LN. Fv/Fm was improved and photosynthesis-related genes were up-regulated by the combination of nitrogen enrichment and heatwaves, whereas G. lemaneiformis remained bleached and died by day 12. Therefore, U. intestinalis could survive heatwaves through shifting to micropropagules at LN and protecting its photosynthesis at HN. In contrast, G. lemaneiformis died of bleaching when suffering heatwaves regardless of nitrogen availability. These findings suggest that in future oceans with eutrophication and MHWs, the harmful alga U. intestinalis may have more advantages over the economic alga G. lemaneiformis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijia Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ruiping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Guang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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Zhang S, Chen S, Ao P, Cai R, Liu W, Wei L. Polysaccharides from Laminaria japonica protect memory abilities and neurogenesis in mice after cranial irradiation through ameliorating neuroinflammation and collagen IV degradation. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 98:1-10. [PMID: 35394414 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2063961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) is one of the most common long-term complications for patients with malignant brain tumors after radiotherapy. At present, there is no effective treatment for RIBI. Recent studies have also confirmed that polysaccharides from laminaria japonica (LJP) display potential neuroprotective function. However, its mechanisms of neuroprotection remain unclear. AIM In this study, we aimed to explore the effect and underlying mechanism of LJP on neurogenesis in radiation-induced brain injury mice. METHODS SPF two-month-old male mice were randomly divided into control group (Con), LJP treatment group (LJP), irradiation group (IR), and irradiation with LJP treatment group (IR + LJP). LJP (40 mg/kg/day) was intraperitoneally injected at one day before radiation for seven consecutive days (once daily). The mice were exposed to 10 Gy × 2 fractionated doses, once every other day, with a total dose of 20 Gy. Changes in cognitive function of mice following radiation were evaluated by the Morris water maze test. Furthermore, body weight and general status of mice were measured throughout the experiment. Immunohistochemical staining for neural proliferating cells (Ki67+ cells) and immature neurons (DCX + cells) was utilized to assay changes of neurogenesis in hippocampus. Microglial activation and collagen IV deposition within the neurogenic microenvironment were observed respectively by immunohistochemical staining for Iba-1 and Collagen IV in the hippocampus. Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) in the hippocampus were detected by ELISA kits post-radiation. RESULTS Morris water maze test showed that LJP therapy markedly reduced the escape latency and increased the times of crossing platform and percent time of the target quadrant in the radiated mice. In addition, the decrease of the neural proliferating cells (Ki67+ cells) and immature neurons (DCX + cells) in the hippocampus of mice following irradiation was significantly mitigated by the LJP treatment, suggesting that LJP could prevent from neurogenesis damage after irradiation. LJP injection significantly attenuated degradation of collagen IV, activation of microglia, and increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) levels in the neurogenic microenvironment of the hippocampus after radiation. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that LJP early treatment may mitigate radiation-induced cognitive impairments and that its mechanism may relate to its protection of neurogenesis by alleviating neuroinflammation and collagen IV degradation within the neurogenic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqin Zhang
- College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang, Nanning, China
| | - Shaoyong Chen
- College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang, Nanning, China
| | - Pian Ao
- College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang, Nanning, China
| | - Rong Cai
- College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang, Nanning, China
| | - Wenqi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Li Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Applying Seaweed Compounds in Cosmetics, Cosmeceuticals and Nutricosmetics. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19100552. [PMID: 34677451 PMCID: PMC8539943 DOI: 10.3390/md19100552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest in seaweeds for cosmetic, cosmeceutics, and nutricosmetics is increasing based on the demand for natural ingredients. Seaweeds offer advantages in relation to their renewable character, wide distribution, and the richness and versatility of their valuable bioactive compounds, which can be used as ingredients, as additives, and as active agents in the formulation of skin care products. Bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, proteins, peptides, amino acids, lipids, vitamins, and minerals, are responsible for the biological properties associated with seaweeds. Seaweed fractions can also offer technical features, such as thickening, gelling, emulsifying, texturizing, or moistening to develop cohesive matrices. Furthermore, the possibility of valorizing industrial waste streams and algal blooms makes them an attractive, low cost, raw and renewable material. This review presents an updated summary of the activities of different seaweed compounds and fractions based on scientific and patent literature.
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Kumar MS, Sharma SA. Toxicological effects of marine seaweeds: a cautious insight for human consumption. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:500-521. [PMID: 32188262 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1738334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Marine environment is a rich and diverse source for many biologically active substances including functional foods and nutraceuticals. It is well exploited for useful compounds, natural products and aquaculture industry; and seaweeds is one of the major contributors in terms of both food security and healthy nutrition. They are well-known due to their enormous benefits and is consumed globally in many countries. However, there is lack of attention toward their toxicity reports which might be due toxic chemical compounds from seaweed, epiphytic bacteria or harmful algal bloom and absorbed heavy metals from seawater. The excess of these components might lead to harmful interactions with drugs and hormone levels in the human body. Due to their global consumption and to meet increasing demands, it is necessary to address their hazardous and toxic aspects. In this review, we have done extensive literature for healthy seaweeds, their nutritional composition while summarizing the toxic effects of selected seaweeds from red, brown and green group which includes- Gracilaria, Acanthophora, Caulerpa, Cladosiphon, and Laminaria sp. Spirulina, a microalgae (cyanobacteria) biomass is also included in toxicity discussion as it an important food supplement and many times shows adverse reactions and drug interactions. The identified compounds from seaweeds were concluded to be toxic to humans, though they exhibited certain beneficial effects too. They have an easy access in food chain and thus invade the higher trophic level organisms. This review will create an awareness among scientific and nonscientific community, as well as government organization to regulate edible seaweed consumption and keep them under surveillance for their beneficial and safe consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maushmi S Kumar
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | - Simran A Sharma
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
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Fradinho P, Raymundo A, Sousa I, Domínguez H, Torres MD. Edible Brown Seaweed in Gluten-Free Pasta: Technological and Nutritional Evaluation. Foods 2019; 8:E622. [PMID: 31783692 PMCID: PMC6963328 DOI: 10.3390/foods8120622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweed is a novel source of important nutritional compounds with interesting biological activities that could be processed into added-value products, namely gluten-free foods. In this study, two previously developed products obtained from Laminaria ochroleuca processing (liquid extract and a purée-like mixture) were incorporated in gluten-free (GF) pasta in order to develop functional products especially designed for the celiac population. The raw and cooked pastas were characterized in terms of their cooking quality parameters, nutritional composition, texture and rheological properties, and antioxidant activity. It was found that the developed GF pastas had similar mechanical and texture characteristics to the control. Both supplemented GF pastas presented a significantly (p < 0.05) higher fibre and mineral content than the control pasta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Fradinho
- LEAF–Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa; Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.R.); (I.S.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Vigo (Campus Ourense), Science Faculty, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (H.D.); (M.D.T.)
| | - Anabela Raymundo
- LEAF–Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa; Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.R.); (I.S.)
| | - Isabel Sousa
- LEAF–Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa; Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.R.); (I.S.)
| | - Herminia Domínguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Vigo (Campus Ourense), Science Faculty, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (H.D.); (M.D.T.)
| | - María Dolores Torres
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Vigo (Campus Ourense), Science Faculty, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (H.D.); (M.D.T.)
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Currò D, Ianiro G, Pecere S, Bibbò S, Cammarota G. Probiotics, fibre and herbal medicinal products for functional and inflammatory bowel disorders. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1426-1449. [PMID: 27696378 PMCID: PMC5429330 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional bowel disorders (FBD), mainly irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional constipation (FC, also called chronic idiopathic constipation), are very common worldwide. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, although less common, has a strong impact on patients' quality of life, as well as being highly expensive for our healthcare. A definite cure for those disorders is still yet to come. Over the years, several therapeutic approaches complementary or alternative to traditional pharmacological treatments, including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, fibre and herbal medicinal products, have been investigated for the management of both groups of diseases. However, most available studies are biased by several drawbacks, including small samples and poor methodological quality. Probiotics, in particular Saccharomyces boulardii and Lactobacilli (among which Lactobacillus rhamnosus), synbiotics, psyllium, and some herbal medicinal products, primarily peppermint oil, seem to be effective in ameliorating IBS symptoms. Synbiotics and fibre seem to be beneficial in FC patients. The probiotic combination VSL#3 may be effective in inducing remission in patients with mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis, in whom Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 seems to be as effective as mesalamine in maintaining remission. No definite conclusions can be drawn as to the efficacy of fibre and herbal medicinal products in IBD patients due to the low number of studies and the lack of randomized controlled trials that replicate the results obtained in the individual studies conducted so far. Thus, further, well-designed studies are needed to address the real role of these therapeutic options in the management of both FBD and IBD. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Principles of Pharmacological Research of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.11/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Currò
- Institute of PharmacologySchool of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred HeartL.go F. Vito 100168RomeItaly
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Department of Internal MedicineSchool of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred HeartL.go F. Vito 100168RomeItaly
| | - Silvia Pecere
- Department of Internal MedicineSchool of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred HeartL.go F. Vito 100168RomeItaly
| | - Stefano Bibbò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of SassariV.le S. Pietro, 807100SassariItaly
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- Department of Internal MedicineSchool of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred HeartL.go F. Vito 100168RomeItaly
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Enhanced anti-inflammatory activity of brown seaweed Laminaria japonica by fermentation using Bacillus subtilis. Process Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Cirillo C, Capasso R. Constipation and Botanical Medicines: An Overview. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1488-93. [PMID: 26171992 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Constipation affects 14% of the adult population globally, mainly women, and significantly impacts on health-related quality of life. The causes of constipation are mainly three: lifestyle related (functional constipation), disease related, and drug induced. Constipation can generate considerable suffering, including abdominal pain and distension, anorexia, and nausea. The value of some therapeutic measures such as increased fluid intake, physical activity, diet rich in fiber, and nutritional supplements recommended for the relief of constipation is still questionable. The treatment of constipation can be carried out not only with traditional drugs but also with herbal medicines or with nutraceuticals, which are used to prevent or treat the disorder. We have reviewed the most common botanical laxatives such as senna, cascara, frangula, aloe, and rhubarb and their use in the treatment of constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Cirillo
- Laboratory for Enteric Neuroscience (LENS), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Patra JK, Das G, Baek KH. Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of an Essential Oil Extracted from an Edible Seaweed, Laminaria japonica L. Molecules 2015; 20:12093-113. [PMID: 26147582 PMCID: PMC6332342 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200712093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Laminaria japonica L. is among the most commonly consumed seaweeds in northeast Asia. In the present study, L. japonica essential oil (LJEO) was extracted by microwave-hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy. LJEO contained 21 volatile compounds, comprising 99.76% of the total volume of the essential oil, primarily tetradeconoic acid (51.75%), hexadecanoic acid (16.57%), (9Z,12Z)-9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (12.09%), and (9Z)-hexadec-9-enoic acid (9.25%). Evaluation of the antibacterial potential against three foodborne pathogens, Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876, Escherichia coli O157:H7 ATCC 43890, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 49444, revealed that LJEO at a concentration of 25 mg/paper disc exerted high antibacterial activity against S. aureus (11.5 ± 0.58 mm inhibition zone) and B. cereus (10.5 ± 0.57 mm inhibition zone), but no inhibition of E. coli O157:H7. LJEO also displayed DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity (80.45%), superoxide anion scavenging activity (54.03%), and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging at 500 µg/mL. Finally, LJEO showed high inhibition of lipid peroxidation with strong reducing power. In conclusion, LJEO from edible seaweed is an inexpensive but favorable resource with strong antibacterial capacity as well as free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity; therefore, it has the potential for use in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Kumar Patra
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Korea.
| | - Gitishree Das
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Korea.
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Korea.
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Meng J, Cao Y, Meng Y, Luo H, Gao X, Shan F. Maturation of mouse bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDCs) induced by Laminaria japonica polysaccharides (LJP). Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 69:388-92. [PMID: 24942994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The seaweed Laminaria japonica has been investigated in a laboratory research for its medical significance and LJP has been purified now. The objective of present study was to look at effect of LJP on structural, phenotypic and functional maturation of murine BMDCs. The structural maturation of BMDCs induced by LJP was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM); The phenotypic maturation of BMDCs was studied by flow cytometry(FCM) and functional maturation of BMDCs was analyzed by FITC-dextran, acid phosphatase (ACP) activity and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We hereby proved that LJP markedly induced maturation of BMDCs with the data of decreased the number of lysosomes, upregulated expression of CD80, CD83, CD86, CD40 and MHC II key membrane molecules on BMDCs, downregulated phagocytosis, enriched production of IL-12 and TNF-α secreted by BMDCs. Therefore it should be concluded that LJP was with strong ability to induce maturation of BMDCs. Our data provided direct evidence to suggest that LJP could be considered as an immune stimulant in improving immune handicapped situation and as a useful adjuvant in vaccine designing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjuan Meng
- Experimental and Technical Center, China Medical University, No. 92, North Second Road, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, No. 92, North Second Road, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yiming Meng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, No. 92, North Second Road, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Hong Luo
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 11604, China
| | - Xinghua Gao
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Fengping Shan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, No. 92, North Second Road, Shenyang 110001, China.
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Dupont E, Journet M, Oula ML, Gomez J, Léveillé C, Loing E, Bilodeau D. An integral topical gel for cellulite reduction: results from a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled evaluation of efficacy. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2014; 7:73-88. [PMID: 24600240 PMCID: PMC3933246 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s53580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellulite is a serious cosmetic concern for most of the 90% of women affected by it. OBJECTIVE To assess the clinical efficacy of a complex integral anti-cellulite gel. METHODS This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study involved 44 healthy women, aged 25-55 years. Subjects had a normal to slightly overweight body mass index and presented slight to moderate cellulite on their thighs, buttocks, and/or hips at baseline. Subjects were randomly assigned to either the treated or placebo group and accordingly applied the active product or placebo on their hips, stomach, buttocks, and thighs, twice daily for 3 months. Skin tonicity, orange-peel aspect, and stubborn cellulite were assessed at day 0, 28, 56, and 84. A self-evaluation questionnaire was completed by all volunteers. RESULTS At the end of the study, an average of 81% of the subjects applying the active product presented improvement in their cellulite condition versus 32% for the placebo group (all descriptors and sites combined). At day 84, skin tonicity, orange-peel appearance, and stubborn cellulite were improved in a significant manner (P<0.05) over placebo, on all studied areas. Skin tonicity improved on average by +41% for buttocks, +35% for hips, and +31% for thighs. Orange peel appearance was reduced on average by -25% for buttocks, -22% for hips, and -22% for thighs. Stubborn cellulite was reduced on average by -19% for buttocks, -24% for hips, and -22% for thighs. Circumference measurements decreased in a significant manner (P<0.05) over placebo, for the abdomen (average value of -1.1 cm) and thighs (average value of -0.8 cm). The product was well tolerated and perceived by the volunteers themselves as better performing than placebo on all criteria. CONCLUSION All results validate the efficacy of the present integral formulation to significantly reduce signs of cellulite and reshape the silhouette.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michel Journet
- Clinique de Dermatologie St-Joseph, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Claude Léveillé
- Clinique de Chirurgie Esthétique du Québec Métropolitain, Lévis, QC, Canada
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Lu J, Feng X, Han Y, Xue C. Optimization of subcritical fluid extraction of carotenoids and chlorophyll a from Laminaria japonica Aresch by response surface methodology. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:139-45. [PMID: 23670873 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The carotenoids and chlorophyll a of Laminaria japonica Aresch were extracted using ethanol-modified subcritical 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a). In the present study, the effects of pressure (5-17 MPa), temperature (303-333 K) and the amount of cosolvent(2-6% R134a, w/w)were investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) combined with a Box-Behnken design was applied to evaluate the significance of the three independent variables on each response. A desirability function was conducted to simultaneously optimize the multiple responses. RESULTS The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 324.13 K, extraction pressure 17 MPa and a cosolvent amount of 4.73%. Under these conditions, the yields of carotenoids and chlorophyll a were predicted to be 0.239 and 2.326 g kg(-1), respectively. CONCLUSION It has been proved that subcritical R134a is a potential solvent, which can be an alternative to supercritical CO2 for extraction of natural ingredients under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
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Kim YH, Kim JH, Jin HJ, Lee SY. Antimicrobial activity of ethanol extracts of Laminaria japonica against oral microorganisms. Anaerobe 2013; 21:34-8. [PMID: 23583539 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Laminaria japonica is a brown alga, which is consumed widely in Korea, Japan, and China. This study investigated the antimicrobial activity of ethanol extracts of L. japonica against oral microbial species to assess the possible application of L. japonica extracts in dental care products. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined in culture medium using a microdilution method. The MICs of ethanol extracts of L. japonica with oral streptococci were 62.5-500 μg/ml and the MBCs were 125-1000 μg/ml. The MICs of Actinomyces naeslundii and Actinomyces odontolyticus were 250 and 62.5 μg/ml, respectively. The MBCs of A. naeslundii and A. odontolyticus were 500 and 250 μg/ml, respectively. The MICs were 250 and 62.5 μg/ml for Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis, respectively. The killing of Streptococcus mutans and P. gingivalis was dependent on the incubation time. The killing of S. mutans, A. odontolyticus, and P. gingivalis was significantly dependent on the extract concentration. Bacterial treatment with L. japonica extracts changed the cell surface texture of S. mutans, A. odontolyticus, and P. gingivalis. The results of this study suggest that L. japonica extracts may be useful for the development of antimicrobial agents to combat oral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Hee Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology, College of Dentistry, Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
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