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Cibelli A, Mola MG, Saracino E, Barile B, Abbrescia P, Mogni G, Spray DC, Scemes E, Rossi A, Spennato D, Svelto M, Frigeri A, Benfenati V, Nicchia GP. Aquaporin-4 and transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 balance in early postnatal neurodevelopment. Glia 2024; 72:938-959. [PMID: 38362923 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
In the adult brain, the water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is expressed in astrocyte endfoot, in supramolecular assemblies, called "Orthogonal Arrays of Particles" (OAPs) together with the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), finely regulating the cell volume. The present study aimed at investigating the contribution of AQP4 and TRPV4 to CNS early postnatal development using WT and AQP4 KO brain and retina and neuronal stem cells (NSCs), as an in vitro model of astrocyte differentiation. Western blot analysis showed that, differently from AQP4 and the glial cell markers, TRPV4 was downregulated during CNS development and NSC differentiation. Blue native/SDS-PAGE revealed that AQP4 progressively organized into OAPs throughout the entire differentiation process. Fluorescence quenching assay indicated that the speed of cell volume changes was time-related to NSC differentiation and functional to their migratory ability. Calcium imaging showed that the amplitude of TRPV4 Ca2+ transient is lower, and the dynamics are changed during differentiation and suppressed in AQP4 KO NSCs. Overall, these findings suggest that early postnatal neurodevelopment is subjected to temporally modulated water and Ca2+ dynamics likely to be those sustaining the biochemical and physiological mechanisms responsible for astrocyte differentiation during brain and retinal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cibelli
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Mola
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Emanuela Saracino
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Barile
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Pasqua Abbrescia
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro-Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Guido Mogni
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - David C Spray
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Eliana Scemes
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, NY Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Andrea Rossi
- Genome Engineering and Model Development Lab (GEMD), IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Diletta Spennato
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Svelto
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Frigeri
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro-Medical School, Bari, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Valentina Benfenati
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Bologna, Italy
| | - Grazia Paola Nicchia
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Bologna, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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Maes M, Thisayakorn P, Thipakorn Y, Tantavisut S, Sirivichayakul S, Vojdani A. Reactivity to neural tissue epitopes, aquaporin 4 and heat shock protein 60 is associated with activated immune-inflammatory pathways and the onset of delirium following hip fracture surgery. Eur Geriatr Med 2023; 14:99-112. [PMID: 36520371 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-022-00729-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Activation of the immune-inflammatory response system (IRS) and a deficiency in the compensatory immunoregulatory system (CIRS), neuronal injuries, and alterations in the glutamate receptor (GlutaR), aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) are involved in delirium. Increased serum levels of neurofilament protein (NFP), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and myelin basic protein (MBP) are biomarkers of neuronal injury. This investigation delineates whether elevated IgA/IgG reactivity against those self-antigens is associated with delirium severity and IRS activation. METHODS We measured peak Delirium Rating Scale (DRS) scores on days 2 and 3 following surgery in 59 hip fractured older adults, and IgA and IgG antibody levels against MBP, NFP, GFAP and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluRs 1 and 5, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor (NMDAR) GLU1 (NR1) and GLU2 (NR2), APQ4 and HSP60. RESULTS The IgA antibody levels against those self-antigens, especially GFAP, MBP and HSP60, strongly predict peak DRS scores on days 2 and 3 post-surgery. IgA reactivity against NMDAR and baseline DRS scores explained 40.6% of the variance in peak DRS scores, while IgA against NMDAR, IgG against MBP and age explained 29.1% of the variance in the IRS/CIRS ratio. There was no correlation between DRS scores and IgG directed against other self-antigens. CONCLUSIONS Increased IgA levels against neuronal self-antigens, AQP4 and HSP60 are risk factors for delirium. Polyreactive antibody-associated breakdown of immune tolerance, IRS activation and injuries in the neuronal cytoskeleton, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, glial cells, and myelin sheath are involved in the pathophysiology of delirium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
- IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Paul Thisayakorn
- Department of Psychiatry, Hip Fracture Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Yanin Thipakorn
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saran Tantavisut
- Department of Orthopedics, Hip Fracture Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunee Sirivichayakul
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aristo Vojdani
- Immunosciences Lab. Inc, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Cyrex Labs LLC, Phoeniz, AZ, USA
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Banitalebi S, Skauli N, Geiseler S, Ottersen OP, Amiry-Moghaddam M. Disassembly and Mislocalization of AQP4 in Incipient Scar Formation after Experimental Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031117. [PMID: 35163040 PMCID: PMC8835637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to better understand the mechanisms involved in scar formation in the brain. It is well known that astrocytes are critically engaged in this process. Here, we analyze incipient scar formation one week after a discrete ischemic insult to the cerebral cortex. We show that the infarct border zone is characterized by pronounced changes in the organization and subcellular localization of the major astrocytic protein AQP4. Specifically, there is a loss of AQP4 from astrocytic endfoot membranes that anchor astrocytes to pericapillary basal laminae and a disassembly of the supramolecular AQP4 complexes that normally abound in these membranes. This disassembly may be mechanistically coupled to a downregulation of the newly discovered AQP4 isoform AQP4ex. AQP4 has adhesive properties and is assumed to facilitate astrocyte mobility by permitting rapid volume changes at the leading edges of migrating astrocytes. Thus, the present findings provide new insight in the molecular basis of incipient scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Banitalebi
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Nadia Skauli
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Samuel Geiseler
- Cardiovascular Research Group IMB, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ole Petter Ottersen
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- President's Office, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 6, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
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Abstract
Fluorescence imaging techniques play a pivotal role in our understanding of the nervous system. The emergence of various super-resolution microscopy methods and specialized fluorescent probes enables direct insight into neuronal structure and protein arrangements in cellular subcompartments with so far unmatched resolution. Super-resolving visualization techniques in neurons unveil a novel understanding of cytoskeletal composition, distribution, motility, and signaling of membrane proteins, subsynaptic structure and function, and neuron-glia interaction. Well-defined molecular targets in autoimmune and neurodegenerative disease models provide excellent starting points for in-depth investigation of disease pathophysiology using novel and innovative imaging methodology. Application of super-resolution microscopy in human brain samples and for testing clinical biomarkers is still in its infancy but opens new opportunities for translational research in neurology and neuroscience. In this review, we describe how super-resolving microscopy has improved our understanding of neuronal and brain function and dysfunction in the last two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Werner
- Department of Biotechnology & Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology & Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Geis
- Section Translational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
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Pisani F, Simone L, Mola MG, De Bellis M, Mastrapasqua M, Ruggieri M, Trojano M, Nicchia GP, Svelto M, Frigeri A. Host-Cell Type Dependent Features of Recombinant Human Aquaporin-4 Orthogonal Arrays of Particles-New Insights for Structural and Functional Studies. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020119. [PMID: 30717425 PMCID: PMC6406603 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The CNS plasma-membrane water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is expressed as two major isoforms able to aggregate into supramolecular assemblies known as ‘orthogonal arrays of particles’ (OAPs). OAP subnanometric features are largely unknown mainly because a method for the expression, isolation, and crystallization of integral human OAPs has not been developed. Here, the human OAP-forming isoform M23-AQP4 was expressed in insect and mammalian cell lines and AQP4 and OAP features evaluated. Native size exclusion chromatography was employed to isolate and analyze authentically folded OAPs, and neuromyelitis optica (NMO)-specific sandwich ELISA was developed to test OAP-integrity. The results demonstrate that in insect cells most AQP4 remains intracellular and unfolded and that OAPs are largely disassembled after the detergent extraction step. In mammalian cells, AQP4 showed regular plasma membrane targeting and OAPs exhibited strong post-extraction stability. Starting from the mammalian cell expression system, we isolated authentically folded OAPs. Together these data suggest a new strategy for expressing and isolating integral recombinant human OAPs and providing new insights into the cell-type dependent OAP-assembly and post-extraction stability, potentially useful to design new approaches for structural and functional studies of OAP and for other plasma membrane proteins organized into supramolecular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pisani
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutic, Univ. of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Laura Simone
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Cancer Stem Cells Unit, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy.
| | - Maria Grazia Mola
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutic, Univ. of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Manuela De Bellis
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutic, Univ. of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Maria Mastrapasqua
- School of Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Univ. of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Maddalena Ruggieri
- School of Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Univ. of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Maria Trojano
- School of Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Univ. of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Grazia Paola Nicchia
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutic, Univ. of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Maria Svelto
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutic, Univ. of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Antonio Frigeri
- School of Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Univ. of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
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Dynamics of surface neurotransmitter receptors and transporters in glial cells: Single molecule insights. Cell Calcium 2017; 67:46-52. [PMID: 29029790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The surface dynamics of neurotransmitter receptors and transporters, as well as ion channels, has been well-documented in neurons, revealing complex molecular behaviour and key physiological functions. However, our understanding of the membrane trafficking and dynamics of the signalling molecules located at the plasma membrane of glial cells is still in its infancy. Yet, recent breakthroughs in the field of glial cells have been obtained using combination of superresolution microscopy, single molecule imaging, and electrophysiological recordings. Here, we review our current knowledge on the surface dynamics of neurotransmitter receptors, transporters and ion channels, in glial cells. It has emerged that the brain cell network activity, synaptic activity, and calcium signalling, regulate the surface distribution and dynamics of these molecules. Remarkably, the dynamics of a given neurotransmitter receptor/transporter at the plasma membrane of a glial cell or neuron is unique, revealing the existence of cell-type specific regulatory pathways. Thus, investigating the dynamics of signalling proteins at the surface of glial cells will likely shed new light on our understanding of glial cell physiology and pathology.
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Papadopoulos MC, Saadoun S. Key roles of aquaporins in tumor biology. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1848:2576-83. [PMID: 25204262 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporins are protein channels that facilitate the flow of water across plasma cell membranes in response to osmotic gradients. This review summarizes the evidence that aquaporins play key roles in tumor biology including tumor-associated edema, tumor cell migration, tumor proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. Aquaporin inhibitors may thus be a novel class of anti-tumor agents. However, attempts to produce small molecule aquaporin inhibitors have been largely unsuccessful. Recently, monoclonal human IgG antibodies against extracellular aquaporin-4 domains have become available and could be engineered to kill aquaporin-4 over-expressing cells in the malignant brain tumor glioblastoma. We conclude this review by discussing future directions in aquaporin tumor research. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane channels and transporters in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samira Saadoun
- Academic Neurosurgery Unit, St. George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK.
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Abstract
Technical improvements in electron microscopy, both instrumental and preparative, permit increasingly accurate analyses. Digital images for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be processed by software programs that automate tasks and create custom tools that allow for image enhancement for brightness, contrast and coloration; for creation of rectangular, ellipsoidal or irregular area selections; and for measurement of mean area and standard deviation. Sample preparation remains a source of error since organelles and spatial arrangements of macromolecules rapidly change after anoxia. Guidelines for maintaining consistency in preparation, examination and interpretation are presented for different electron microscopy (EM) modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. F. Cheville
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - J. Stasko
- Microscopy Services, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, USA
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A hybrid high-speed atomic force–optical microscope for visualizing single membrane proteins on eukaryotic cells. Nat Commun 2013; 4:2155. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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