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Taha EA, Lee J, Hotta A. Delivery of CRISPR-Cas tools for in vivo genome editing therapy: Trends and challenges. J Control Release 2022; 342:345-361. [PMID: 35026352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) genome editing technology opened the door to provide a versatile approach for treating multiple diseases. Promising results have been shown in numerous pre-clinical studies and clinical trials. However, a safe and effective method to deliver genome-editing components is still a key challenge for in vivo genome editing therapy. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is one of the most commonly used vector systems to date, but immunogenicity against capsid, liver toxicity at high dose, and potential genotoxicity caused by off-target mutagenesis and genomic integration remain unsolved. Recently developed transient delivery systems, such as virus-like particle (VLP) and lipid nanoparticle (LNP), may solve some of the issues. This review summarizes existing in vivo delivery systems and possible solutions to overcome their limitations. Also, we highlight the ongoing clinical trials for in vivo genome editing therapy and recently developed genome editing tools for their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Taha
- Center for iPS cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Biochemistry, Ain Shams University Faculty of Science, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Joseph Lee
- Center for iPS cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akitsu Hotta
- Center for iPS cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan.
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Grigorash BB, Suvorova II, Pospelov VA. AICAR-Dependent Activation of AMPK Kinase Is Not Accompanied by G1/S Block in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Mol Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893318030056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Newman EA, Chukkapalli S, Bashllari D, Thomas TT, Van Noord RA, Lawlor ER, Hoenerhoff MJ, Opipari AW, Opipari VP. Alternative NHEJ pathway proteins as components of MYCN oncogenic activity in human neural crest stem cell differentiation: implications for neuroblastoma initiation. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:3208. [PMID: 29238067 PMCID: PMC5870584 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a cancer of neural crest stem cell (NCSC) lineage. Signaling pathways that regulate NCSC differentiation have been implicated in neuroblastoma tumorigenesis. This is exemplified by MYCN oncogene targets that balance proliferation, differentiation, and cell death similarly in normal NCSC and in high-risk neuroblastoma. Our previous work discovered a survival mechanism by which MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma circumvents cell death by upregulating components of the error-prone non-canonical alternative nonhomologous end-joining (alt-NHEJ) DNA repair pathway. Similar to proliferating stem cells, high-risk neuroblastoma cells have enhanced DNA repair capacity, overcoming DNA damage with higher repair efficiency than somatic cells. Adequate DNA maintenance is required for lineage protection as stem cells proliferate and during tumor progression to overcome oncogene-induced replication stress. On this basis, we hypothesized that alt-NHEJ overexpression in neuroblastoma is a cancer cell survival mechanism that originates from DNA repair systems of NCSC, the presumed progenitor cell of origin. A human NCSC model was generated in which inducible MYCN triggered an immortalized phenotype capable of forming metastatic neuroectodermal tumors in mice, resembling human neuroblastoma. Critical alt-NHEJ components (DNA Ligase III, DNA Ligase I, and Poly [ADP-ribose polymerase 1]) were highly expressed in normal early NCSC, and decreased as cells became terminally differentiated. Constitutive MYCN expression maintained high alt-NHEJ protein expression, preserving the expression pattern of the immature neural phenotype. siRNA knockdown of alt-NHEJ components reversed MYCN effects on NCSC proliferation, invasion, and migration. DNA Ligase III, Ligase I, and PARP1 silencing significantly decreased neuroblastoma markers expression (TH, Phox2b, and TRKB). These results utilized the first human NCSC model of neuroblastoma to uncover an important link between MYCN and alt-NHEJ expression in developmental tumor initiation, setting precedence to investigate alt-NHEJ repair mechanics in neuroblastoma DNA maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika A Newman
- Department of Surgery, C.S. Mott Children and Women's Hospital, Mott Solid Tumor Oncology Program, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Sahiti Chukkapalli
- Department of Surgery, C.S. Mott Children and Women's Hospital, Mott Solid Tumor Oncology Program, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniela Bashllari
- Department of Surgery, C.S. Mott Children and Women's Hospital, Mott Solid Tumor Oncology Program, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tina T Thomas
- Department of Surgery, C.S. Mott Children and Women's Hospital, Mott Solid Tumor Oncology Program, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Raelene A Van Noord
- Department of Surgery, C.S. Mott Children and Women's Hospital, Mott Solid Tumor Oncology Program, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Lawlor
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, C.S. Mott Children and Women's Hospital, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mark J Hoenerhoff
- In Vivo Animal Core (IVAC), The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anthony W Opipari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, C.S. Mott Children and Women's Hospital, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Valerie P Opipari
- Department of Pediatrics, C.S. Mott Children and Women's Hospital, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Suvorova II, Grigorash BB, Chuykin IA, Pospelova TV, Pospelov VA. G1 checkpoint is compromised in mouse ESCs due to functional uncoupling of p53-p21Waf1 signaling. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:52-63. [PMID: 26636245 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1120927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) lack of G1 checkpoint despite that irradiation (IR) activates ATM/ATR-mediated DDR signaling pathway. The IR-induced p53 localizes in the nuclei and up-regulates p21/Waf1 transcription but that does not lead to accumulation of p21/Waf1 protein. The negative control of the p21Waf1 expression appears to occur at 2 levels of regulation. First, both p21/Waf1 gene transcription and the p21/Waf1 protein content increase in mESCs treated with histone-deacetylase inhibitors, implying its epigenetic regulation. Second, proteasome inhibitors cause the p21/Waf1 accumulation, indicating that the protein is a subject of proteasome-dependent degradation in ESСs. Then, the dynamics of IR-induced p21Waf1 protein show its accumulation at long-term time points (3 and 5 days) that coincides with an increase in the proportion of G1-phase cells, down-regulation of Oct4 and Nanog pluripotent gene transcription and activation of endoderm-specific genes sox17 and afp. In addition, nutlin-dependent stabilization of p53 in mESC was also accompanied by the accumulation of p21/Waf1 as well as restoration of G1 checkpoint and an onset of differentiation. Thus, the lack of functional p21/Waf1 is indispensable for maintaining self-renewal and pluripotency of mESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina I Suvorova
- a Institute of Cytology , Russian Academy of Sciences , St-Petersburg , Russia.,b Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg State University , St-Petersburg , Russia
| | - Bogdan B Grigorash
- a Institute of Cytology , Russian Academy of Sciences , St-Petersburg , Russia.,b Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg State University , St-Petersburg , Russia
| | | | - Tatiana V Pospelova
- a Institute of Cytology , Russian Academy of Sciences , St-Petersburg , Russia.,b Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg State University , St-Petersburg , Russia
| | - Valery A Pospelov
- a Institute of Cytology , Russian Academy of Sciences , St-Petersburg , Russia.,b Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg State University , St-Petersburg , Russia
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Halevy T, Akov S, Bohndorf M, Mlody B, Adjaye J, Benvenisty N, Goldberg M. Chromosomal Instability and Molecular Defects in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome Patients. Cell Rep 2016; 16:2499-511. [PMID: 27545893 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) results from the absence of the NBS1 protein, responsible for detection of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). NBS is characterized by microcephaly, growth retardation, immunodeficiency, and cancer predisposition. Here, we show successful reprogramming of NBS fibroblasts into induced pluripotent stem cells (NBS-iPSCs). Our data suggest a strong selection for karyotypically normal fibroblasts to go through the reprogramming process. NBS-iPSCs then acquire numerous chromosomal aberrations and show a delayed response to DSB induction. Furthermore, NBS-iPSCs display slower growth, mitotic inhibition, a reduced apoptotic response to stress, and abnormal cell-cycle-related gene expression. Importantly, NBS neural progenitor cells (NBS-NPCs) show downregulation of neural developmental genes, which seems to be mediated by P53. Our results demonstrate the importance of NBS1 in early human development, shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying this severe syndrome, and further expand our knowledge of the genomic stress cells experience during the reprogramming process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Halevy
- The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, The Hebrew University, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Shira Akov
- The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, The Hebrew University, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Martina Bohndorf
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Barbara Mlody
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - James Adjaye
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Nissim Benvenisty
- The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, The Hebrew University, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Michal Goldberg
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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Gordeeva OF. Expression of cancer-testis antigens of Mage-a and Mage-b families in mouse embryonic fibroblasts cultured in vitro. Russ J Dev Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360415030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Rapti K, Stillitano F, Karakikes I, Nonnenmacher M, Weber T, Hulot JS, Hajjar RJ. Effectiveness of gene delivery systems for pluripotent and differentiated cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2015; 2:14067. [PMID: 26052535 PMCID: PMC4449028 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2014.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) assert a great future for the cardiovascular diseases, both to study them and to explore therapies. However, a comprehensive assessment of the viral vectors used to modify these cells is lacking. In this study, we aimed to compare the transduction efficiency of recombinant adeno-associated vectors (AAV), adenoviruses and lentiviral vectors in hESC, hiPSC, and the derived cardiomyocytes. In undifferentiated cells, adenoviral and lentiviral vectors were superior, whereas in differentiated cells AAV surpassed at least lentiviral vectors. We also tested four AAV serotypes, 1, 2, 6, and 9, of which 2 and 6 were superior in their transduction efficiency. Interestingly, we observed that AAVs severely diminished the viability of undifferentiated cells, an effect mediated by induction of cell cycle arrest genes and apoptosis. Furthermore, we show that the transduction efficiency of the different viral vectors correlates with the abundance of their respective receptors. Finally, adenoviral delivery of the calcium-transporting ATPase SERCA2a to hESC and hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes successfully resulted in faster calcium reuptake. In conclusion, adenoviral vectors prove to be efficient for both differentiated and undifferentiated lines, whereas lentiviral vectors are more applicable to undifferentiated cells and AAVs to differentiated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kleopatra Rapti
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine , New York, New York, USA
| | - Francesca Stillitano
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine , New York, New York, USA
| | - Ioannis Karakikes
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine , New York, New York, USA
| | - Mathieu Nonnenmacher
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine , New York, New York, USA
| | - Thomas Weber
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine , New York, New York, USA
| | - Jean-Sebastian Hulot
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine , New York, New York, USA ; Institute for Cardiac Metabolism and Nutrition, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 , Paris, France
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine , New York, New York, USA
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