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Cong Z, Xiong Y, Lyu L, Fu B, Guo D, Sha Z, Yang B, Wu H. The relationship between Listeria infections and host immune responses: Listeriolysin O as a potential target. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116129. [PMID: 38194738 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), a foodborne bacterium, can infect people and has a high fatality rate in immunocompromised individuals. Listeriolysin O (LLO), the primary virulence factor of Lm, is critical in regulating the pathogenicity of Lm. This review concludes that LLO may either directly or indirectly activate a number of host cell viral pathophysiology processes, such as apoptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, necrosis and necroptosis. We describe the invasion of host cells by Lm and the subsequent removal of Lm by CD8 T cells and CD4 T cells upon receipt of the LLO epitopes from major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II). The development of several LLO-based vaccines that make use of the pore-forming capabilities of LLO and the immune response of the host cells is then described. Finally, we conclude by outlining the several natural substances that have been shown to alter the three-dimensional conformation of LLO by binding to particular amino acid residues of LLO, which reduces LLO pathogenicity and may be a possible pharmacological treatment for Lm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Cong
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Lyu Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China
| | - Beibei Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Dong Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zhou Sha
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China.
| | - Haibo Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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2
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Sontyana B, Shrivastava R, Battu S, Ghosh S, Mukhopadhyay S. Phagosome maturation and modulation of macrophage effector function by intracellular pathogens: target for therapeutics. Future Microbiol 2021; 17:59-76. [PMID: 34877879 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2021-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are important cells that regulate various innate functions. Macrophages after engulfment of pathogens proceed for phagosome maturation and finally fuse with lysosomes to kill pathogens. Although pathogen degradation is one of the important functions of phagosomes, various immune-effector functions of macrophages are also dependent on the phagosome maturation process. This review discusses signaling processes regulating phagosome maturation as well as various effector functions of macrophages such as apoptosis, antigen presentation, autophagy and inflammasome that are dependent on the phagosome maturation process. It also discusses strategies adopted by various intracellular pathogens to counteract these functions to evade intracellular destruction mechanisms. These studies may give direction for the development of new therapeutics to control various intracellular infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahmaji Sontyana
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting & Diagnostics (CDFD), Inner Ring Road, Uppal, Hyderabad, 500039, Telangana, India.,Graduate Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Rohini Shrivastava
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting & Diagnostics (CDFD), Inner Ring Road, Uppal, Hyderabad, 500039, Telangana, India.,Graduate Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Srikanth Battu
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting & Diagnostics (CDFD), Inner Ring Road, Uppal, Hyderabad, 500039, Telangana, India
| | - Sudip Ghosh
- Molecular Biology Unit, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania PO, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Sangita Mukhopadhyay
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting & Diagnostics (CDFD), Inner Ring Road, Uppal, Hyderabad, 500039, Telangana, India
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3
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Antilisterial Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Eliminating Listeria monocytogenes in Host and Ready-to-Eat Food Application. MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres12010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is a severe food borne disease with a mortality rate of up to 30% caused by pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes via the production of several virulence factors including listeriolysin O (LLO), transcriptional activator (PrfA), actin (Act), internalin (Int), etc. It is a foodborne disease predominantly causing infections through consumption of contaminated food and is often associated with ready-to-eat food (RTE) and dairy products. Common medication for listeriosis such as antibiotics might cause an eagle effect and antibiotic resistance if it is overused. Therefore, exploration of the use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with probiotic characteristics and multiple antimicrobial properties is increasingly getting attention for their capability to treat listeriosis, vaccine development, and hurdle technologies. The antilisterial gene, a gene coding to produce antimicrobial peptide (AMP), one of the inhibitory substances found in LAB, is one of the potential key factors in listeriosis treatment, coupled with the vast array of functions and strategies; this review summarizes the various strategies by LAB against L. monocytogenes and the prospect in development of a ‘generally regarded as safe’ LAB for treatment of listeriosis.
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4
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Wang G, Zhao H, Zheng B, Li D, Yuan Y, Han Q, Tian Z, Zhang J. TLR2 Promotes Monocyte/Macrophage Recruitment Into the Liver and Microabscess Formation to Limit the Spread of Listeria Monocytogenes. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1388. [PMID: 31297109 PMCID: PMC6607897 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
TLR2 signaling plays a critical protective role against acute Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) infection by up-regulating inflammatory cytokines and promoting macrophage antimicrobial capabilities. However, the underlying mechanism by which TLR2 regulates hepatic macrophage-mediated anti-Lm immune responses remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that both the absolute number and proportion of monocyte/macrophage (Mo/MΦ) in the liver and spleen of Tlr2 -/- mice were significantly lower compared to wild type mice. Changes in TLR2 signaling in both hepatocytes and Mo/MΦs were associated with the infiltration of Mo/MΦs in response to Lm-infection. Analyses by proteome profiler array and ELISA revealed that hepatocytes recruited Mo/MΦs via TLR2-dependent secretion of CCL2 and CXCL1, which was confirmed by receptor blocking and exogenous chemokine administration. Importantly, we found that TLR2 contributed to macrophage mobility in the liver through a TLR2/NO/F-actin pathway, facilitating the formation of macrophage-associated hepatic microabscesses. Moreover, TLR2 activation induced the expression of several PRRs on hepatic macrophages associated with the recognition of Lm and augmented macrophage bacterial clearance activity. Our findings provide insight into the intrinsic mechanisms of TLR2-induced Mo/MΦ migration and mobility, as well as the interaction between macrophages and hepatocytes in resistance to Lm infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huajun Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bingqing Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dongxuan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiuju Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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5
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Mosaheb M, Wetzler LM. Meningococcal PorB induces a robust and diverse antigen specific T cell response as a vaccine adjuvant. Vaccine 2018; 36:7689-7699. [PMID: 30381152 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines formulated with adjuvant have been effective against numerous infectious diseases, almost always due to induction of functional antibodies that recognizes the pathogen of interest. There is an unmet clinical need for vaccine adjuvants that induce T cells responses to potentially enhance protection against malignancies and intracellular pathogens, where a humoral response, alone, may not be adequate for protection. In this study, we demonstrate that a TLR2 ligand-based adjuvant, meningococcal PorB, has broad immunostimulatory activity with the ability to induce a robust and diverse vaccine antigen specific T cell response. We demonstrate that a vaccine formulated with PorB admixed with ovalbumin induces a wide variety of antigen specific antibody subclasses and effector molecules (MIG, MCP-1, IP-10, MIP-1α, KC & IL-2) with known roles for inducing T cell responses, along with elevated levels of Th1 and Th2 type cytokines upon antigen stimulation. We confirmed production of these cytokines by examining the antigen-specific T cells induced by PorB in vivo. After two immunizations with vaccine formulated with PorB/OVA, antigen-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells were significantly increased in numbers and produced IL-4 or IFN-γ upon ex vivo antigen re-stimulation. Finally, in a Listeria mouse infection model, vaccine formulated with PorB significantly reduced the bacterial burden upon a low dose infection and increased survival upon a high dose infection with recombinant Listeria monocytogenes engineered to express OVA (rLmOVA), a pathogen that requires OVA-antigen specific cytotoxic CD8 T cells for clearance. In summary, PorB is able to induce antigen specific broad B and T cell responses, illustrating its potential as a potent and new vaccine adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munir Mosaheb
- Dept. of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Lee M Wetzler
- Dept. of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, USA; Dept. of Medicine, Sect. of Infectious Diseases, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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6
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Rizvi SMD, Hussain T, Ahmed ABF, Alshammari TM, Moin A, Ahmed MQ, Barreto GE, Kamal MA, Ashraf GM. Gold nanoparticles: A plausible tool to combat neurological bacterial infections in humans. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:7-18. [PMID: 30075371 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Management of bacterial infections of central nervous system is a major challenge for the scientists all over the world. Despite the development of various potential drugs, the issue of central nervous system infections persists in the society. The main constraint is the delivery of drugs across the blood brain barrier and only a few drugs after meeting the stringent criteria could cross the blood brain barrier. On the other hand, certain bacterial pathogens could easily enter the brain by using several factors and mechanisms by crossing the blood brain barriers. Interestingly, in the recent past, gold nanoparticles have shown immense potential to overcome the issues associated with the treatment of central nervous system infections, especially due to their inherent ability to cross the blood brain barrier. Initially, the present review summarized the recent updates on the pathogenesis and factors involved in neurological bacterial infections, including the mechanism used by bacterial pathogens to cross the blood brain barriers. Thereafter, the emphasis of the review was on providing current information on gold nanoparticles pertinent to their applicability for the treatment of neurological infections. After discussing the background of neurological bacterial infections, the characteristic features, antibacterial properties, mechanisms of antibacterial action and ability to cross the blood brain barrier of gold nanoparticles have been summarized. Some of the features of gold nanoparticles that make them an ideal candidate for brain delivery are biocompatibity, stability, ability to get synthesized in different sizes with facile methods, surface affinity towards various functional groups, spontaneous crossing of blood brain barrier without applying any external field and most importantly, easy non-invasive tracing by CT imaging. The current updates on the development of gold nanoparticles based therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of central nervous system infections have been discussed in the present study. However, further investigation would be required to translate these preclinical outcomes into clinical applications. Nevertheless, we could safely state that the information gathered and discussed in the present review would benefit the scientists working in the field of neuro-nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Mohd Danish Rizvi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Talib Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abo Bakr Fathy Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamir M Alshammari
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afrasim Moin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Qumani Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine,University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C, Colombia; Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mohammad Ajmal Kamal
- Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Sydney, Australia; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia; King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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7
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Wang G, Lin A, Han Q, Zhao H, Tian Z, Zhang J. IFN-γ protects from apoptotic neutrophil-mediated tissue injury during acute Listeria monocytogenes infection. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:1470-1480. [PMID: 29935120 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is a foodborne Gram-positive intracellular pathogen that can cause listeriosis in humans and animals. Although phagocytes are known to be involved in the response to this infection, the role of neutrophils is not entirely clear. Here, we have demonstrated that soon after LM infection, a large number of IFN-γ-producing neutrophils quickly accumulated in the spleen, blood, and peritoneal cavity. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that neutrophils were an important source of IFN-γ. IFN-γ played a critical protective role against acute LM infection, as demonstrated by the poor survival of Ifng-/- mice. Moreover, IFN-γ promoted bacterial clearance by the neutrophils, thereby inhibiting LM-induced neutrophil apoptosis and spleen damage. In addition to this, IFN-γ could effectively drive macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils, which was accompanied with TGF-β secretion and was involved in protection against tissue injury. Importantly, by phagocytizing apoptotic neutrophils, macrophages obtained myeloperoxidase, an important bactericidal molecule only produced by neutrophils, which further promoted the antibacterial activity of macrophages. These findings demonstrate that neutrophils are an important source of IFN-γ at the early stage of LM infection, which is characterized by both LM elimination and tissue-protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Wang
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ang Lin
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiuju Han
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huajun Zhao
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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8
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Osborne SE, Brumell JH. Listeriolysin O: from bazooka to Swiss army knife. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018. [PMID: 28630160 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a Gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen. Infections in humans can lead to listeriosis, a systemic disease with a high mortality rate. One important mechanism of Lm dissemination involves cell-to-cell spread after bacteria have entered the cytosol of host cells. Listeriolysin O (LLO; encoded by the hly gene) is a virulence factor present in Lm that plays a central role in the cell-to-cell spread process. LLO is a member of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (CDC) family of toxins that were initially thought to promote disease largely by inducing cell death and tissue destruction-essentially acting like a 'bazooka'. This view was supported by structural studies showing CDCs can form large pores in membranes. However, it is now appreciated that LLO has many subtle activities during Lm infection of host cells, and many of these likely do not involve large pores, but rather small membrane perforations. It is also appreciated that membrane repair pathways of host cells play a major role in limiting membrane damage by LLO and other toxins. LLO is now thought to represent a 'Swiss army knife', a versatile tool that allows Lm to induce many membrane alterations and cellular responses that promote bacterial dissemination during infection.This article is part of the themed issue 'Membrane pores: from structure and assembly, to medicine and technology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne E Osborne
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8
| | - John H Brumell
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8 .,Sickkids IBD Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8
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9
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Kovarik JJ, Kernbauer E, Hölzl MA, Hofer J, Gualdoni GA, Schmetterer KG, Miftari F, Sobanov Y, Meshcheryakova A, Mechtcheriakova D, Witzeneder N, Greiner G, Ohradanova-Repic A, Waidhofer-Söllner P, Säemann MD, Decker T, Zlabinger GJ. Fasting metabolism modulates the interleukin-12/interleukin-10 cytokine axis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180900. [PMID: 28742108 PMCID: PMC5524343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A crucial role of cell metabolism in immune cell differentiation and function has been recently established. Growing evidence indicates that metabolic processes impact both, innate and adaptive immunity. Since a down-stream integrator of metabolic alterations, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), is responsible for controlling the balance between pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-12 and anti-inflammatory IL-10, we investigated the effect of upstream interference using metabolic modulators on the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Cytokine release and protein expression in human and murine myeloid cells was assessed after toll-like receptor (TLR)-activation and glucose-deprivation or co-treatment with 5'-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activators. Additionally, the impact of metabolic interference was analysed in an in-vivo mouse model. Glucose-deprivation by 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) increased the production of IL-12p40 and IL-23p19 in monocytes, but dose-dependently inhibited the release of anti-inflammatory IL-10. Similar effects have been observed using pharmacological AMPK activation. Consistently, an inhibition of the tuberous sclerosis complex-mTOR pathway was observed. In line with our in vitro observations, glycolysis inhibition with 2-DG showed significantly reduced bacterial burden in a Th2-prone Listeria monocytogenes mouse infection model. In conclusion, we showed that fasting metabolism modulates the IL-12/IL-10 cytokine balance, establishing novel targets for metabolism-based immune-modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes J. Kovarik
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Kernbauer
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus A. Hölzl
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Hofer
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Guido A. Gualdoni
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus G. Schmetterer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fitore Miftari
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yury Sobanov
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anastasia Meshcheryakova
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Diana Mechtcheriakova
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadine Witzeneder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Greiner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Ohradanova-Repic
- Institute of Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Waidhofer-Söllner
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus D. Säemann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Decker
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard J. Zlabinger
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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10
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Valderrama C, Clark A, Urano F, Unanue ER, Carrero JA. Listeria monocytogenes induces an interferon-enhanced activation of the integrated stress response that is detrimental for resolution of infection in mice. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:830-840. [PMID: 28267207 PMCID: PMC5450196 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) induce a detrimental response during Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) infection. We were interested in identifying mechanisms linking IFN signaling to negative host responses against L. monocytogenes infection. Herein, we found that infection of myeloid cells with L. monocytogenes led to a coordinated induction of type I IFNs and activation of the integrated stress response (ISR). Infected cells did not induce Xbp1 splicing or BiP upregulation, indicating that the unfolded protein response was not triggered. CHOP (Ddit3) gene expression was upregulated during the ISR activation induced by L. monocytogenes. Myeloid cells deficient in either type I IFN signaling or PKR activation had less upregulation of CHOP following infection. CHOP‐deficient mice showed lower expression of innate immune cytokines and were more resistant than wild‐type counterparts following L. monocytogenes infection. These findings indicate that L. monocytogenes infection induces type I IFNs, which activate the ISR through PKR, which contributes to a detrimental outcome in the infected host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Valderrama
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Microbiology, PhD Biomedical Sciences Program, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Amy Clark
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fumihiko Urano
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Emil R Unanue
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Javier A Carrero
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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11
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Totino PRR, Daniel-Ribeiro CT, Ferreira-da-Cruz MDF. Evidencing the Role of Erythrocytic Apoptosis in Malarial Anemia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:176. [PMID: 28018860 PMCID: PMC5145864 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade it has become clear that, similarly to nucleated cells, enucleated red blood cells (RBCs) are susceptible to programmed apoptotic cell death. Erythrocytic apoptosis seems to play a role in physiological clearance of aged RBCs, but it may also be implicated in anemia of different etiological sources including drug therapy and infectious diseases. In malaria, severe anemia is a common complication leading to death of children and pregnant women living in malaria-endemic regions of Africa. The pathogenesis of malarial anemia is multifactorial and involves both ineffective production of RBCs by the bone marrow and premature elimination of non-parasitized RBCs, phenomena potentially associated with apoptosis. In the present overview, we discuss evidences associating erythrocytic apoptosis with the pathogenesis of severe malarial anemia, as well as with regulation of parasite clearance in malaria. Efforts to understand the role of erythrocytic apoptosis in malarial anemia can help to identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention based on apoptotic pathways and consequently, mitigate the harmful impact of malaria in global public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo R R Totino
- Laboratory of Malaria Research, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cláudio T Daniel-Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Malaria Research, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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12
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Malet JK, Cossart P, Ribet D. Alteration of epithelial cell lysosomal integrity induced by bacterial cholesterol-dependent cytolysins. Cell Microbiol 2016; 19. [PMID: 27739224 PMCID: PMC5347955 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens can interfere during infection with host cell organelles, such as mitochondria, the endoplasmic reticulum‐Golgi system or nuclei. As important cellular functions are often compartmentalized in these organelles, their targeting allows pathogens to manipulate key host functions during infection. Here, we identify lysosomes as a new class of organelles targeted by the pathogenic bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. We demonstrate that extracellular Listeria, via secretion of the pore‐forming toxin listeriolysin O, alters lysosomal integrity in epithelial cells but not in macrophages. Listeriolysin O induces lysosomal membrane permeabilization and release of lysosomal content, such as cathepsins proteases, which remain transiently active in the host cytosol. We furthermore show that other bacterial pore‐forming toxins, such as perfringolysin O and pneumolysin, also induce lysosomes alteration. Together, our data unveil a novel activity of bacterial cholesterol‐dependent cytolysins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Karim Malet
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut Pasteur, F-75015, Paris, France.,Inserm, U604, F-75015, Paris, France.,INRA, USC2020, F-75015, Paris, France.,Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Cossart
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut Pasteur, F-75015, Paris, France.,Inserm, U604, F-75015, Paris, France.,INRA, USC2020, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - David Ribet
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut Pasteur, F-75015, Paris, France.,Inserm, U604, F-75015, Paris, France.,INRA, USC2020, F-75015, Paris, France
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13
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Margaroli C, Oberle S, Lavanchy C, Scherer S, Rosa M, Strasser A, Pellegrini M, Zehn D, Acha-Orbea H, Ehirchiou D. Role of proapoptotic BH3-only proteins inListeria monocytogenesinfection. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:1427-37. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Margaroli
- Department of Biochemistry CIIL; University of Lausanne; Epalinges Switzerland
| | - Susanne Oberle
- Swiss Vaccine Research Institute; Centre des laboratoires d'Epalinges; Epalinges Switzerland
- Division of Immunology and Allergy; Department of Medicine; Lausanne University Hospital; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Christine Lavanchy
- Department of Biochemistry CIIL; University of Lausanne; Epalinges Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Scherer
- Swiss Vaccine Research Institute; Centre des laboratoires d'Epalinges; Epalinges Switzerland
- Division of Immunology and Allergy; Department of Medicine; Lausanne University Hospital; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Muriel Rosa
- Department of Biochemistry CIIL; University of Lausanne; Epalinges Switzerland
| | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research; Melbourne Australia
- The Department of Medical Biology; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
| | - Marc Pellegrini
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research; Melbourne Australia
- The Department of Medical Biology; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
| | - Dietmar Zehn
- Technische Universität München; Weihenstephaner Berg 3; 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan Germany
| | - Hans Acha-Orbea
- Department of Biochemistry CIIL; University of Lausanne; Epalinges Switzerland
| | - Driss Ehirchiou
- Department of Biochemistry CIIL; University of Lausanne; Epalinges Switzerland
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14
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Li S, Li Y, Chen G, Zhang J, Xu F, Wu M. Restraining reactive oxygen species in Listeria monocytogenes promotes the apoptosis of glial cells. Redox Rep 2016; 22:190-196. [PMID: 27120397 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2016.1173327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative anaerobic foodborne pathogen that can traverse the blood-brain barrier and cause brain infection. L. monocytogenes infection induces host cell apoptosis in several cell types. In this study, we investigated the apoptosis of human glioma cell line U251 invaded by L. monocytogenes and evaluated the function of bacterial reactive oxygen species (ROS) during infection. METHODS Bacterial ROS level was reduced by carrying out treatment with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI). After infection, the apoptosis of U251 cells was examined by flow cytometry assay and propidium iodide staining. RESULTS DPI and NAC efficiently decreased ROS level in L. monocytogenes without affecting bacterial growth. Moreover, the apoptosis of glial cells was enhanced upon invasion of DPI- and NAC-pretreated L. monocytogenes. DISCUSSION Results indicate that the apoptosis of glial cells can be induced by L. monocytogenes, and that the inhibition of bacterial ROS increases the apoptosis of host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Li
- a School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology , 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093 , China
| | - Yixuan Li
- a School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology , 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093 , China
| | - Guowei Chen
- a School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology , 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093 , China
| | - Jingchen Zhang
- b Certification and Review Center, Shanghai Municipal Food and Drug, Administration , Shanghai 200020 , China
| | - Fei Xu
- a School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology , 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093 , China
| | - Man Wu
- a School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology , 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093 , China
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15
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Hardy JW, Levashova Z, Schmidt TL, Contag CH, Blankenberg FG. [99mTc]Annexin V-128 SPECT Monitoring of Splenic and Disseminated Listeriosis in Mice: a Model of Imaging Sepsis. Mol Imaging Biol 2016; 17:345-54. [PMID: 25416406 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-014-0804-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Here, we evaluate [(99m)Tc]annexin V-128, an in vivo marker of apoptosis, for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging of localization and antibiotic treatment of disseminated bacterial infection, using a well-described mouse model that employs bioluminescent Listeria monocytogenes. PROCEDURES Sixteen groups of five mice in six separate experiments were infected with bioluminescent Listeria, and in vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLI) was performed each day, to assess the location and extent of infection and response to antibiotics. [(99m)Tc]annexin V-128 was then injected for SPECT imaging, and the two sets of images were correlated and validated. RESULTS Signals from BLI and [(99m)Tc]annexin V-128 SPECT co-localized within the spleen and other organs including bone marrow, intestine, nasopharynx, and brain. Decreases in [(99m)Tc]annexin V-128 uptake and BLI signal within the spleen directly reflected the reduction of bacterial infection by ampicillin treatment. CONCLUSIONS Tc-99m-Annexin V-128 uptake as observed by SPECT allowed for the detection of systemic listeriosis and ampicillin treatment in mice. [(99m)Tc]annexin V-128 should be further explored for the assessment of bacterial spread and antibiotic efficacy in patients with disseminated bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Hardy
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, E150 Clark Center MC 5427, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA,
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Pitt JM, Blankley S, Potempa K, Graham CM, Moreira-Teixeira L, McNab FW, Howes A, Stavropoulos E, Pascual V, Banchereau J, Chaussabel D, O’Garra A. Analysis of Transcriptional Signatures in Response to Listeria monocytogenes Infection Reveals Temporal Changes That Result from Type I Interferon Signaling. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150251. [PMID: 26918359 PMCID: PMC4768944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of the mouse transcriptional response to Listeria monocytogenes infection reveals that a large set of genes are perturbed in both blood and tissue and that these transcriptional responses are enriched for pathways of the immune response. Further we identified enrichment for both type I and type II interferon (IFN) signaling molecules in the blood and tissues upon infection. Since type I IFN signaling has been reported widely to impair bacterial clearance we examined gene expression from blood and tissues of wild type (WT) and type I IFNαβ receptor-deficient (Ifnar1-/-) mice at the basal level and upon infection with L. monocytogenes. Measurement of the fold change response upon infection in the absence of type I IFN signaling demonstrated an upregulation of specific genes at day 1 post infection. A less marked reduction of the global gene expression signature in blood or tissues from infected Ifnar1-/- as compared to WT mice was observed at days 2 and 3 after infection, with marked reduction in key genes such as Oasg1 and Stat2. Moreover, on in depth analysis, changes in gene expression in uninfected mice of key IFN regulatory genes including Irf9, Irf7, Stat1 and others were identified, and although induced by an equivalent degree upon infection this resulted in significantly lower final gene expression levels upon infection of Ifnar1-/- mice. These data highlight how dysregulation of this network in the steady state and temporally upon infection may determine the outcome of this bacterial infection and how basal levels of type I IFN-inducible genes may perturb an optimal host immune response to control intracellular bacterial infections such as L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Pitt
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Blankley
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Krzysztof Potempa
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christine M. Graham
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia Moreira-Teixeira
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Finlay W. McNab
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ashleigh Howes
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Evangelos Stavropoulos
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Virginia Pascual
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research/ANRS Center for Human Vaccines, INSERM, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jacques Banchereau
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Damien Chaussabel
- Systems Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anne O’Garra
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, NHLI, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Visvabharathy L, Xayarath B, Weinberg G, Shilling RA, Freitag NE. Propofol Increases Host Susceptibility to Microbial Infection by Reducing Subpopulations of Mature Immune Effector Cells at Sites of Infection. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138043. [PMID: 26381144 PMCID: PMC4575148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anesthetics are known to modulate host immune responses, but separating the variables of surgery from anesthesia when analyzing hospital acquired infections is often difficult. Here, the bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) was used to assess the impact of the common anesthetic propofol on host susceptibility to infection. Brief sedation of mice with physiologically relevant concentrations of propofol increased bacterial burdens in target organs by more than 10,000-fold relative to infected control animals. The adverse effects of propofol sedation on immune clearance of Lm persisted after recovery from sedation, as animals given the drug remained susceptible to infection for days following anesthesia. In contrast to propofol, sedation with alternative anesthetics such as ketamine/xylazine or pentobarbital did not increase susceptibility to systemic Lm infection. Propofol altered systemic cytokine and chemokine expression during infection, and prevented effective bacterial clearance by inhibiting the recruitment and/or activity of immune effector cells at sites of infection. Propofol exposure induced a marked reduction in marginal zone macrophages in the spleens of Lm infected mice, resulting in bacterial dissemination into deep tissue. Propofol also significantly increased mouse kidney abscess formation following infection with the common nosocomial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Taken together, these data indicate that even brief exposure to propofol severely compromises host resistance to microbial infection for days after recovery from sedation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Visvabharathy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Bobbi Xayarath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Guy Weinberg
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Rebecca A. Shilling
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Nancy E. Freitag
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Rodriguez-Del Rio E, Marradi M, Calderon-Gonzalez R, Frande-Cabanes E, Penadés S, Petrovsky N, Alvarez-Dominguez C. A gold glyco-nanoparticle carrying a Listeriolysin O peptide and formulated with Advax™ delta inulin adjuvant induces robust T-cell protection against listeria infection. Vaccine 2015; 33:1465-73. [PMID: 25659269 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In the search for an effective vaccine against the human pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes (Listeria), gold glyconanoparticles (GNP) loaded with a listeriolysin O peptide LLO91-99 (GNP-LLO) were used to immunise mice, initially using a dendritic cell (DC) vaccine approach, but subsequently using a standard parenteral immunisation approach. To enhance vaccine immunogenicity a novel polysaccharide adjuvant based on delta inulin (Advax™) was also co-formulated with the GNP vaccine. Confirming previous results, DC loaded in vitro with GNP-LLO provided better protection against listeriosis than DC loaded in vitro using free LLO peptide. The immunogenicity of GNP-LLO loaded DC vaccines was further increased by addition of Advax™ adjuvant. However, as DC vaccines are expensive and impracticable for prophylactic use, we next asked whether the same GNP-LLO antigen could be used to directly target DC in vivo. Immunisation of mice with GNP-LLO plus Advax™ adjuvant induced LLO-specific T-cell immunity and protection against Listeria challenge. Protection correlated with an increased frequency of splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, NK cells and CD8α(+) DC, and Th1 cytokine production (IL-12, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and MCP-1), post-challenge. Enhanced T-cell epitope recruitment post-challenge was seen in the groups that received Advax™ adjuvant. Immunisation with GNP-LLO91-99 plus Advax™ adjuvant provided equally robust Listeria protection as the best DC vaccine strategy but without the complexity and cost, making this a highly promising strategy for development of a prophylactic vaccine against listeriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Rodriguez-Del Rio
- Grupo de Genómica, Proteómica y Vacunas, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Marco Marradi
- CIC biomaGUNE, P° de Miramón 182, San Sebastian, Gipúzcoa, Spain; CIBER-BBN, P° de Miramón 182, San Sebastian, Gipúzcoa, Spain
| | - Ricardo Calderon-Gonzalez
- Grupo de Genómica, Proteómica y Vacunas, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Elisabet Frande-Cabanes
- Grupo de Genómica, Proteómica y Vacunas, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Soledad Penadés
- CIC biomaGUNE, P° de Miramón 182, San Sebastian, Gipúzcoa, Spain; CIBER-BBN, P° de Miramón 182, San Sebastian, Gipúzcoa, Spain
| | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, SA, Australia; Vaxine Pty Ltd, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide 5042, SA, Australia
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Dominguez
- Grupo de Genómica, Proteómica y Vacunas, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain.
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Min-Oo G, Lanier LL. Cytomegalovirus generates long-lived antigen-specific NK cells with diminished bystander activation to heterologous infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:2669-80. [PMID: 25422494 PMCID: PMC4267234 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20141172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Gundula Min-Oo and Lewis Lanier show that memory NK cells generated during MCMV infection respond poorly to cytokines generated during heterologous viral or bacterial infection, as compared with naïve NK cells. Natural killer (NK) cells play a key role in the host response to cytomegalovirus (CMV) and can mediate an enhanced response to secondary challenge with CMV. We assessed the ability of mouse CMV (MCMV)–induced memory Ly49H+ NK cells to respond to challenges with influenza, an acute viral infection localized to the lung, and Listeria monocytogenes, a systemic bacterial infection. MCMV-memory NK cells did not display enhanced activation or proliferation after infection with influenza or Listeria, as compared with naive Ly49H+ or Ly49H− NK cells. Memory NK cells also showed impaired activation compared with naive cells when challenged with a mutant MCMV lacking m157, highlighting their antigen-specific response. Ex vivo, MCMV-memory NK cells displayed reduced phosphorylation of STAT4 and STAT1 in response to stimulation by IL-12 and type I interferon (IFN), respectively, and IFN-γ production was reduced in response to IL-12 + IL-18 compared with naive NK cells. However, costimulation of MCMV-memory NK cells with IL-12 and m157 antigen rescues their impaired response compared with cytokines alone. These findings reveal that MCMV-primed memory NK cells are diminished in their response to cytokine-driven bystander responses to heterologous infections as they become specialized and antigen-specific for the control of MCMV upon rechallenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gundula Min-Oo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Cancer Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Cancer Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Lewis L Lanier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Cancer Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Cancer Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
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Cossart P, Lebreton A. A trip in the "New Microbiology" with the bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:2437-45. [PMID: 24911203 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen causing an opportunistic disease called listeriosis. This bacterium invades and replicates in most cell types, due to its multiple strategies to exploit host molecular mechanisms. Research aiming at unravelling Listeria invasion and intracellular lifestyle has led to a number of key discoveries in infection biology, cell biology and also microbiology. In this review, we report on our most recent advances in understanding the intimate crosstalk between the bacterium and its host, resulting from in-depth studies performed over the past five years. We specifically highlight new concepts in RNA-based regulation in bacteria and discuss important findings in cell biology, including a new role for clathrin and an atypical mitochondrial fragmentation mechanism. We also illustrate the notion that bacterial infection regulates host gene expression at the chromatin level, contributing to an emerging field called patho-epigenetics. This review corresponds to the lecture given by one of us (P.C.) on the occasion of the 2014 FEBS|EMBO Woman in Science Award.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Cossart
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France; Inserm, U604, Paris, France; INRA, USC2020, Paris, France.
| | - Alice Lebreton
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France; Inserm, U604, Paris, France; INRA, USC2020, Paris, France.
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Winsauer C, Kruglov AA, Chashchina AA, Drutskaya MS, Nedospasov SA. Cellular sources of pathogenic and protective TNF and experimental strategies based on utilization of TNF humanized mice. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2014; 25:115-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Qi Z, Wang J, Han X, Yang J, Zhao G, Cao Y. Listr1 locus regulates innate immunity against Listeria monocytogenes infection in the mouse liver possibly through Cxcl11 polymorphism. Immunogenetics 2014; 66:231-42. [PMID: 24566892 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-014-0761-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inbred stains of mice display differential susceptibility to infection with the common foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes (Lm). Previously, Listr1 and Listr2, two genetic loci that control differential sensitivity to Lm infection between BALB/cByJ and C57BL/6ByJ mice, were identified. To analyze the role of Listr1 in innate immune responses, we employed congenic mice (C.B6By-Listr1/Rag2 (-/-) ) bearing the C57BL/6ByJ-derived Listr1 locus on a BALB/c-Rag2 (-/-) background. Consistent with the results of a previous genetic analysis, the congenic mice showed increased susceptibility to Lm infection. The bacterial burden in the liver between the congenic and control lines was significantly different (P < 0.05) from 24 h postinfection with Lm. Analysis of genes within the Listr1 locus identified a frameshift mutation in the Cxcl11 gene of the C57BL/6 strain that prevents production of the mature chemokine CXCL11. No differences in inflammatory cell infiltration or cells expressing CXCR3 and CXCR7 which are the receptors of CXCL11 occurred because of CXCL11 deficiency in the congenic mice spleens. However, these mice lacked a distinct population of CD14(+) positive resident mononuclear cells that express intermediate levels of CXCR3 and CXCR7 in the liver. There were fewer microabscesses in the liver of CXCL11-deficient mice during the early stage of infection, which is consistent with their decreased ability to resist Lm. Our results, when taken together, show that the Listr1 locus plays an important role in early control of Lm infection in the mouse liver and that Cxcl11 is a candidate gene for disease severity within this locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanmei Qi
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, No. 92 Bei Er Ma Lu, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China,
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Seveau S. Multifaceted activity of listeriolysin O, the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin of Listeria monocytogenes. Subcell Biochem 2014; 80:161-95. [PMID: 24798012 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-8881-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs) are a large family of pore-forming toxins that are produced by numerous Gram-positive bacterial pathogens. These toxins are released in the extracellular environment as water-soluble monomers or dimers that bind to cholesterol-rich membranes and assemble into large pore complexes. Depending upon their concentration, the nature of the host cell and membrane (cytoplasmic or intracellular) they target, the CDCs can elicit many different cellular responses. Among the CDCs, listeriolysin O (LLO), which is a major virulence factor of the facultative intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, is involved in several stages of the intracellular lifecycle of the bacterium and displays unique characteristics. It has long been known that following L. monocytogenes internalization into host cells, LLO disrupts the internalization vacuole, enabling the bacterium to replicate into the host cell cytosol. LLO is then used by cytosolic bacteria to spread from cell to cell, avoiding bacterial exposure to the extracellular environment. Although LLO is continuously produced during the intracellular lifecycle of L. monocytogenes, several processes limit its toxicity to ensure the survival of infected cells. It was previously thought that LLO activity was limited to mediating vacuolar escape during bacterial entry and cell to cell spreading. This concept has been challenged by compelling evidence suggesting that LLO secreted by extracellular L. monocytogenes perforates the host cell plasma membrane, triggering important host cell responses. This chapter provides an overview of the well-established intracellular activity of LLO and the multiple roles attributed to LLO secreted by extracellular L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Seveau
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, 484 West, 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210-1292, USA,
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The intestinal microbiota interferes with the microRNA response upon oral Listeria infection. mBio 2013; 4:e00707-13. [PMID: 24327339 PMCID: PMC3870255 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00707-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal tract is the largest reservoir of microbes in the human body. The intestinal microbiota is thought to be able to modulate alterations of the gut induced by enteropathogens, thereby maintaining homeostasis. Listeria monocytogenes is the agent of listeriosis, an infection transmitted to humans upon ingestion of contaminated food. Crossing of the intestinal barrier is a critical step of the infection before dissemination into deeper organs. Here, we investigated the role of the intestinal microbiota in the regulation of host protein-coding genes and microRNA (miRNA or miR) expression during Listeria infection. We first established the intestinal miRNA signatures corresponding to the 10 most highly expressed miRNAs in the murine ileum of conventional and germfree mice, noninfected and infected with Listeria. Next, we identified 6 miRNAs whose expression decreased upon Listeria infection in conventional mice. Strikingly, five of these miRNA expression variations (in miR-143, miR-148a, miR-200b, miR-200c, and miR-378) were dependent on the presence of the microbiota. In addition, as is already known, protein-coding genes were highly affected by infection in both conventional and germfree mice. By crossing bioinformatically the predicted targets of the miRNAs to our whole-genome transcriptomic data, we revealed an miRNA-mRNA network that suggested miRNA-mediated global regulation during intestinal infection. Other recent studies have revealed an miRNA response to either bacterial pathogens or commensal bacteria. In contrast, our work provides an unprecedented insight into the impact of the intestinal microbiota on host transcriptional reprogramming during infection by a human pathogen. While the crucial role of miRNAs in regulating the host response to bacterial infection is increasingly recognized, the involvement of the intestinal microbiota in the regulation of miRNA expression has not been explored in detail. Here, we investigated the impact of the intestinal microbiota on the regulation of protein-coding genes and miRNA expression in a host infected by L. monocytogenes, a food-borne pathogen. We show that the microbiota interferes with the microRNA response upon oral Listeria infection and identify several protein-coding target genes whose expression correlates inversely with that of the miRNA. Further investigations of the regulatory networks involving miR-143, miR-148a, miR-200b, miR-200c, and miR-378 will provide new insights into the impact of the intestinal microbiota on the host upon bacterial infection.
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Abstract
Although type I interferons (IFN-I) were initially defined as potent antiviral agents, they can also cause decreased host resistance to some bacterial and viral infections. The many antiviral functions of the IFN-I include direct suppression of viral replication and activation of the immune response against viruses. In addition to their antiviral effects, IFN-I are also protective against several extracellular bacterial infections, in part, by promoting the induction of TNF-α and nitric oxide. In contrast, there is a negative effect of IFN-I on host resistance during chronic infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and acute infections with intracellular bacteria. In the case of LCMV, chronic IFN-I signaling induces adaptive immune system suppression. Blockade of IFN-I signaling removes the suppression and allows CD4 T-cell- and IFN-γ-mediated resolution of the infection. During acute intracellular bacterial infection, IFN-I suppress innate immunity by at least two defined mechanisms. During Francisella infection, IFN-I prevent IL-17 upregulation on γδ T cells and neutrophil recruitment. Following Listeria infection, IFN-I promote the cell death of macrophages and lymphocytes, which leads to innate immune suppression. These divergent findings for the role of IFN-I on pathogen control emphasize the complexity of the interferons system and force more mechanistic evaluation of its role in pathogenesis. This review evaluates IFN-I during infection with an emphasis on work carried out IFN-I-receptor-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Antonio Carrero
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Role of pore-forming toxins in neonatal sepsis. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:608456. [PMID: 23710203 PMCID: PMC3655490 DOI: 10.1155/2013/608456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein toxins are important virulence factors contributing to neonatal sepsis. The major pathogens of neonatal sepsis, group B Streptococci, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus, secrete toxins of different molecular nature, which are key for defining the disease. Amongst these toxins are pore-forming exotoxins that are expressed as soluble monomers prior to engagement of the target cell membrane with subsequent formation of an aqueous membrane pore. Membrane pore formation is not only a means for immediate lysis of the targeted cell but also a general mechanism that contributes to penetration of epithelial barriers and evasion of the immune system, thus creating survival niches for the pathogens. Pore-forming toxins, however, can also contribute to the induction of inflammation and hence to the manifestation of sepsis. Clearly, pore-forming toxins are not the sole factors that drive sepsis progression, but they often act in concert with other bacterial effectors, especially in the initial stages of neonatal sepsis manifestation.
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Age-dependent differences in systemic and cell-autonomous immunity to L. monocytogenes. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:917198. [PMID: 23653659 PMCID: PMC3638699 DOI: 10.1155/2013/917198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Host defense against infection can broadly be categorized into systemic immunity and cell-autonomous immunity. Systemic immunity is crucial for all multicellular organisms, increasing in importance with increasing cellular complexity of the host. The systemic immune response to Listeria monocytogenes has been studied extensively in murine models; however, the clinical applicability of these findings to the human newborn remains incompletely understood. Furthermore, the ability to control infection at the level of an individual cell, known as “cell-autonomous immunity,” appears most relevant following infection with L. monocytogenes; as the main target, the monocyte is centrally important to innate as well as adaptive systemic immunity to listeriosis. We thus suggest that the overall increased risk to suffer and die from L. monocytogenes infection in the newborn period is a direct consequence of age-dependent differences in cell-autonomous immunity of the monocyte to L. monocytogenes. We here review what is known about age-dependent differences in systemic innate and adaptive as well as cell-autonomous immunity to infection with Listeria monocytogenes.
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Barichello T, Generoso JS, Milioli G, Elias SG, Teixeira AL. Pathophysiology of Bacterial Infection of the Central Nervous System and its Putative Role in the Pathogenesis of Behavioral Changes. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2013; 35:81-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbp.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Systemic infection of Mice with Listeria monocytogenes to characterize host immune responses. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1031:125-44. [PMID: 23824896 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-481-4_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive facultative intracellular bacterium that is widely used to characterize bacterial pathogenesis and host immunity. Here, we describe a set of basic methods and techniques to infect mice with L. monocytogenes, measure bacterial load in tissues, and analyze immune cell subsets responding to infection in the spleen and liver. In addition, a specialized method for immune cell depletion is incorporated within the overall protocol, along with suggestions at various points in the protocol for minimizing experimental variability in mouse infection studies using L. monocytogenes. Finally, we highlight a number of experimental strategies for which L. monocytogenes has facilitated research into host immune responses and bacterial pathogenesis.
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Hamon MA, Ribet D, Stavru F, Cossart P. Listeriolysin O: the Swiss army knife of Listeria. Trends Microbiol 2012; 20:360-8. [PMID: 22652164 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Listeriolysin O (LLO) is a toxin produced by Listeria monocytogenes, an opportunistic bacterial pathogen responsible for the disease listeriosis. This disease starts with the ingestion of contaminated foods and mainly affects immunocompromised individuals, newborns, and pregnant women. In the laboratory, L. monocytogenes is used as a model organism to study processes such as cell invasion, intracellular survival, and cell-to-cell spreading, as this Gram-positive bacterium has evolved elaborate molecular strategies to subvert host cell functions. LLO is a major virulence factor originally shown to be crucial for bacterial escape from the internalization vacuole after entry into cells. However, recent studies are revisiting the role of LLO during infection and are revealing new insights into the action of LLO, in particular before bacterial entry. These latest findings along with their impact on the infectious process will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Anne Hamon
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, F-75015 Paris, France
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