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Maldonado H, Hagood JS. Cooperative signaling between integrins and growth factor receptors in fibrosis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:213-224. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-02026-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Song D, Jung Y. Homo-molecular Fluorescence Complementation for Direct Visualization of Receptor Oligomerization in Living Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daesun Song
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Yongwon Jung
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 34141 Korea
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Song D, Jung Y. Homo-molecular Fluorescence Complementation for Direct Visualization of Receptor Oligomerization in Living Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2045-2049. [PMID: 30561874 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell surface receptor oligomerization is an attractive target process for drug screening. However, simple but reliable (and thus high-throughput) visualization methods for receptor oligomerization are still lacking. Herein, we report on a new single-construct homo-molecular fluorescence complementation (Homo-FC) probe, which shows strong fluorescence signals by oligomerization of fused receptors in living cells with unexpectedly low background signals. Importantly, this high signal-to-noise ratio was not affected by expression level variations of fused receptors. The Homo-FC probe was developed by optimized flopped fusion of split fragments of superfolder green fluorescence protein and subsequent surface charge engineering. Homo-FC reliably visualized the oligomerization of diverse natural receptors such as GPCR, EGFR, and even cytosolic DAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daesun Song
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Yongwon Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
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Cui Y, Yu M, Yao X, Xing J, Lin J, Li X. Single-Particle Tracking for the Quantification of Membrane Protein Dynamics in Living Plant Cells. MOLECULAR PLANT 2018; 11:1315-1327. [PMID: 30296600 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane is a sophisticated, organized, and highly heterogeneous structure that compartmentalizes cellular processes. To decipher the biological processes involving membrane proteins, it is necessary to analyze their spatiotemporal dynamics. However, it is difficult to directly assess the dynamics and interactions of biomolecules in living cells using traditional biochemical methods. Single-particle tracking (SPT) methods for imaging and tracking single particles conjugated with fluorescent probes offer an ideal approach to acquire valuable and complementary information about dynamic intracellular processes. SPT can be used to quantitatively monitor the diverse motions of individual particles in living cells. SPT also provides super-spatiotemporal resolution that allows early-stage or rapid response information to be obtained for a better understanding of molecular basis of associated signal transduction processes. More importantly, SPT can be used to detect the motion paths of individual biomolecules in vivo and in situ, thus unveiling the dynamic behavior of the biomolecules that support developmental processes in living cells. In this review, we give an overview of SPT methods, from image acquisition to the detection of single particles, as well as tracking and data analysis. We also discuss recent applications of SPT methods in the field of plant biology to reveal the complex biological functions of membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Cui
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Meng Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaomin Yao
- College of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jingjing Xing
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Jinming Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Jinxing Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Cui Y, Li X, Yu M, Li R, Fan L, Zhu Y, Lin J. Sterols regulate endocytic pathways during flg22-induced defense responses in Arabidopsis. Development 2018; 145:dev.165688. [PMID: 30228101 DOI: 10.1242/dev.165688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The plant transmembrane receptor kinase FLAGELLIN SENSING 2 (FLS2) is crucial for innate immunity. Although previous studies have reported FLS2-mediated signal transduction and endocytosis via the clathrin-mediated pathway, whether additional endocytic pathways affect FLS2-mediated defense responses remains unclear. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis thaliana sterol-deficient mutant steroid methyltransferase 1 displays defects in immune responses induced by the flagellin-derived peptide flg22. Variable-angle total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (VA-TIRFM) coupled with single-particle tracking showed that the spatiotemporal dynamics of FLS2-GFP changed on a millisecond time scale and that the FLS2-GFP dwell time at the plasma membrane increased in cells treated with a sterol-extracting reagent when compared with untreated counterparts. We further demonstrate that flg22-induced FLS2 clustering and endocytosis involves the sterol-associated endocytic pathway, which is distinct from the clathrin-mediated pathway. Moreover, flg22 enhanced the colocalization of FLS2-GFP with the membrane microdomain marker Flot 1-mCherry and FLS2 endocytosis via the sterol-associated pathway. This indicates that plants may respond to pathogen attacks by regulating two different endocytic pathways. Taken together, our results suggest the key role of sterol homeostasis in flg22-induced plant defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Cui
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.,College of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.,College of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Meng Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.,College of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ruili Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.,College of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lusheng Fan
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Yingfang Zhu
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.,Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Jinming Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Jinxing Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China .,College of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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Yavas S, Macháň R, Wohland T. The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Forms Location-Dependent Complexes in Resting Cells. Biophys J 2017; 111:2241-2254. [PMID: 27851946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a prototypical receptor tyrosine kinase involved in cell growth and proliferation and associated with various cancers. It is commonly assumed that after activation by binding of epidermal growth factor to the extracellular domain it dimerizes, followed by autophosphorylation of tyrosine residues at the intracellular domain. However, its oligomerization state before activation is controversial. In the absence of ligands, EGFR has been found in various, inconsistent amounts of monomeric, inactive dimeric, and oligomeric forms. In addition, evidence suggests that the active conformation is not a simple dimer but contains higher oligomers. As experiments in the past have been conducted at different conditions, we investigate here the influence of cell lines (HEK293, COS-7, and CHO-K1), temperature (room temperature and 37°C), and membrane localization on the quantitation of preformed dimers using SW-FCCS, DC-FCCS, quasi PIE-FCCS, and imaging FCCS. While measurement modality, temperature, and localization on upper or lower membranes have only a limited influence on the dimerization amount observed, the cell line and location to periphery versus center of the cell can change dimerization results significantly. The observed dimerization amount is strongly dependent on the expression level of endogenous EGFR in a cell line and shows a strong cell-to-cell variability even within the same cell line. In addition, using imaging FCCS, we find that dimers have a tendency to be found at the periphery of cells compared to central positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Yavas
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Radek Macháň
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thorsten Wohland
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Tenner B, Mehta S, Zhang J. Optical sensors to gain mechanistic insights into signaling assemblies. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2016; 41:203-210. [PMID: 27611602 PMCID: PMC5423777 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein complexes play a major role in transducing information from outside the cell into instructions for growth and survival, and understanding how these complexes relay and shape intracellular signals has been a central question in signaling biology. Fluorescent proteins have proven paramount in opening windows for researchers to peer into the architecture and inner workings of signaling assemblies within the living cell and in real-time. In this review, we will provide readers with a current perspective on the development and use of genetically encoded optical probes to dissect the function of signaling complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Tenner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sohum Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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Multiplexed imaging of intracellular protein networks. Cytometry A 2016; 89:761-75. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules are ligands for CD4+ T cells and are critical for initiating the adaptive immune response. This review is focused on what is currently known about MHC class II organization at the plasma membrane of antigen presenting cells and how this affects antigen presentation to T cells. The organization and diffusion of class II molecules have been measured by a variety of biochemical and microscopic techniques. Membrane lipids and other proteins have been implicated in MHC class II organization and function. However, when compared with the organization of MHC class I or TCR complexes, much less is known about MHC class II. Since clustering of T cell receptors occurs during activation, the organization of MHC molecules prior to recognition and during synapse formation may be critical for antigen presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Fooksman
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, NY , USA
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