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Roldan-Juárez J, Pinares R, Lozano F, Machaca V, Quispe-Gutiérrez US, Pizarro DM. Cloprostenol effect with and without male stimulation on oestrus synchronization in Peru guinea pigs. Reprod Domest Anim 2024; 59:e14574. [PMID: 38686570 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Cloprostenol, a synthetic derivative of prostaglandin F2α, effectively triggers functional and morphological regression of the corpus luteum (luteolysis). In rural Peru, the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) holds significance within the local economy and serves as a valuable protein source. Enhancing reproductive efficiency is crucial to achieve uniformity in weight, age, and litter size across commercial systems. Thus, our study aimed to evaluate the effect of cloprostenol with and without male stimulation on the onset, duration, and intensity of oestrus in Peru guinea pigs. A total of 128 guinea pigs (120 females and eight males) between 8 and 12 months of age, weighing between 800 and 1200 g, were distributed in cages of 15 females per treatment. Cloprostenol sodium (0 [control], 0.20, 0.25, and 0.30 mg/animal) was IM administered to the groups with and without male stimulation. Four isolated males in individual cages, different from the one used for the treatment, were considered to detect oestrus. The oestrus intensity was assessed by observing sexual behaviour signs such as restlessness, moaning, attempts to mount, pelvic elevation, loin stretching, and vulvar inflammation. The oestrus was manifested 2 days after the administration of cloprostenol sodium. At a dose of 0.30 mg/animal and with male stimulation, the earliest oestrus was observed at 46.9 h. There was a reduction in the oestrus duration (p < .05) in guinea pigs that received the three doses of cloprostenol sodium compared to the control group. The highest percentages of frank oestrus intensity (66.7%) were strongly associated with the administered doses of cloprostenol sodium (p < .01). In conclusion, the cloprostenol sodium administration was proper for rapid oestrus induction in Peru guinea pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Roldan-Juárez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Micaela Bastidas de Apurimac, Abancay, Peru
| | - Rubén Pinares
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Sicuani, Peru
| | - Franklin Lozano
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Micaela Bastidas de Apurimac, Abancay, Peru
| | - Virgilio Machaca
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Micaela Bastidas de Apurimac, Abancay, Peru
| | - Ulises S Quispe-Gutiérrez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Micaela Bastidas de Apurimac, Abancay, Peru
| | - Dante M Pizarro
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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Pinchao YA, Serna-Cock L, Mora OO. Probiotic capacity of commensal lactic acid bacteria from the intestine of Guinea pigs ( Cavia porcellus). Heliyon 2024; 10:e29431. [PMID: 38655303 PMCID: PMC11035050 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate balance of intestinal microbiota is significantly influenced by the pivotal role of indigenous lactic acid bacteria (LAB). These LAB not only contribute to antimicrobial activity and enhance animal health and productivity but also serve as defense against intestinal infections. In the present study, the probiotic potential of LAB strains isolated from various intestinal sections of adult and young guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) was comprehensively assessed. Strains belonging to the genera Ligilactobacillus, Weissella, Enterococcus, and Limosilactobacillus were also identified. The antibacterial activities of the LAB strains against Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus were quantified. Exopolysaccharide production, adherence capacity, antibiotic resistance, and bile salt tolerance (0.15 %, 0.30 %, and 0.45 %) of LAB were quantified. Further analyses focused on the effects of pH (2.9, 5.0, 6.4, and 7.4), temperature (40, 50, and 60 °C) and NaCl concentrations (3.5 % and 6.5 % w/v) on LAB growth. Strains GCI9 and GDE10 (Ligilactobacillus salivarius), isolated from the cecum and intestine of guinea pigs, exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against S. typhimurium, E. coli and S. aureus. Remarkable adherence capacity to porcine gastric mucin was demonstrated by L. salivarius strains, specifically ACI1, GCI9, and GDE10, with the highest exopolysaccharide levels produced by ACI1 and GCI9 (1.71 and 1.76 mg/mL, respectively). The probiotic potential was further underscored by remarkable bile salt tolerance, especially in strain GDE10, and substantial exopolysaccharide production. These strains displayed notable adaptability to varying environmental conditions, including NaCl concentrations at 3.5 % and 6.5 %, temperatures ranging from 40 to 60 °C, and pH levels of 2.9, 5.0, 6.4, and 7.4. This comprehensive assessment of the probiotic properties of L. salivarius strains, particularly ACI1, GCI9, and GDE10, shows promise for the development of probiotic formulations aimed at enhancing the intestinal health of guinea pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamid A. Pinchao
- Faculty of Engineering and Administration, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Palmira, Colombia
| | - Liliana Serna-Cock
- Faculty of Engineering and Administration, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Palmira, Colombia
| | - Oswaldo Osorio Mora
- Faculty of Agroindustrial Engineering, Universidad de Nariño, San Juan de Pasto, Colombia
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Fitria L, Wijayanti N, Arisuryanti T, Salasia SIO. Health comparison between guinea pigs raised in uncontrolled and controlled environments. Vet World 2022; 15:1575-1582. [PMID: 35993076 PMCID: PMC9375207 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1575-1582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Guinea pigs (GPs) (Cavia porcellus) are not only kept as pets but also widely used in biological and biomedical research. At present, GPs are also used as a species for animal-assisted therapy (AAT). Consequently, assessing their health status is vital to determining their quality of life, usability for research, and prevention of spread of potential zoonotic diseases to patients using them for AAT. GPs are mainly sourced from animal markets supplied by traditional farms, where environmental factors and sanitation are not properly controlled. This study aimed to compare health status between GPs raised in uncontrolled (conventional farm) and controlled (animal facility) environments. Materials and Methods: Sample animals were obtained from a local animal market and transported to an animal facility. After 1 week of acclimatization, the health status of the animals, including general health condition, body weight, body temperature, complete blood count, liver function (alanine aminotransferase and bilirubin), renal function (blood urea nitrogen and creatinine), and presence of ectoparasites and endoparasites, was assessed. Then, the animals were maintained in the animal facility following the standard procedure for laboratory animals. After 2 months, the animals’ health status was re-examined, assessing the same parameters. Results: Based on the evaluated parameters, GPs raised in an uncontrolled environment were found to have poorer health status than those raised in a controlled environment. There were significant differences in almost all parameters between GPs raised in controlled and uncontrolled environments. We found that the populations of two ectoparasites, Gyropus ovalis and Gliricola porcelli, and one endoparasite, Eimeria caviae, decreased significantly following the movement of the animals from an uncontrolled to a controlled environment. Conclusion: GPs raised in an uncontrolled environment have poor health status. However, a controlled environment with better care management can improve the health status of GPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laksmindra Fitria
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Tropical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nastiti Wijayanti
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Tropical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tuty Arisuryanti
- Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding, Department of Tropical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Siti Isrina Oktavia Salasia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Cooper TK, Meyerholz DK, Beck AP, Delaney MA, Piersigilli A, Southard TL, Brayton CF. Research-Relevant Conditions and Pathology of Laboratory Mice, Rats, Gerbils, Guinea Pigs, Hamsters, Naked Mole Rats, and Rabbits. ILAR J 2022; 62:77-132. [PMID: 34979559 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilab022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals are valuable resources in biomedical research in investigations of biological processes, disease pathogenesis, therapeutic interventions, safety, toxicity, and carcinogenicity. Interpretation of data from animals requires knowledge not only of the processes or diseases (pathophysiology) under study but also recognition of spontaneous conditions and background lesions (pathology) that can influence or confound the study results. Species, strain/stock, sex, age, anatomy, physiology, spontaneous diseases (noninfectious and infectious), and neoplasia impact experimental results and interpretation as well as animal welfare. This review and the references selected aim to provide a pathology resource for researchers, pathologists, and veterinary personnel who strive to achieve research rigor and validity and must understand the spectrum of "normal" and expected conditions to accurately identify research-relevant experimental phenotypes as well as unusual illness, pathology, or other conditions that can compromise studies involving laboratory mice, rats, gerbils, guinea pigs, hamsters, naked mole rats, and rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy K Cooper
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - David K Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Amanda P Beck
- Department of Pathology, Yeshiva University Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Martha A Delaney
- Zoological Pathology Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Alessandra Piersigilli
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology and the Genetically Modified Animal Phenotyping Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Teresa L Southard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Cory F Brayton
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Król J, Nowakiewicz A, Błaszków A, Brodala M, Domagała A, Prassol AN, Sławska D, Wojtynia J. Genetic diversity of oral streptococci in the guinea pig as assessed by sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA and groEL genes. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2021; 67:311-318. [PMID: 34932210 PMCID: PMC8933309 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-021-00936-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to characterize bacteria of the genus Streptococcus isolated from the oral cavity of the guinea pig as well as to assess the significance of these microorganisms as potential veterinary and human pathogens. Sixty-two streptococcal isolates recovered from 27 clinically healthy guinea pigs were examined genotypically by sequencing the 16S rRNA and groEL genes. Among these isolates, only 13 could be assigned to a species described previously (mainly Streptococcus parasanguinis, S. mitis and S. suis), and the majority of the remaining ones differed considerably from the streptococcal species known to date (16S rRNA and groEL sequence similarities were < 97% and < 87%, respectively). Based on 16S rRNA sequences, these unidentified isolates were divided into seven groups (clades), of which clades I through III comprised most of the isolates examined and had also the widest distribution among guinea pig colonies. Upon groEL gene sequence analysis, however, members of the three clades grouped together without forming such distinct clusters. The remaining clades distinguished by 16S rRNA sequencing could also be discerned by the second gene, and they contained only a few isolates often restricted to one or a few animal colonies. The present work reveals that the guinea pig mouth is inhabited by a vast number of phylogenetically diverse, so far unrecognized populations of streptococci, most of them being apparently host-specific genomospecies. On the contrary, S. parasanguinis and S. mitis are also common human commensals and S. suis is a well-recognized zoonotic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Król
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, St. Norwida 31, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Aneta Nowakiewicz
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, St. Akademicka 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Alicja Błaszków
- Student of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maria Brodala
- Student of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Adrianna Domagała
- Student of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna-Nicole Prassol
- Student of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dominika Sławska
- Student of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Julita Wojtynia
- Student of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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Dróżdż M, Małaszczuk M, Paluch E, Pawlak A. Zoonotic potential and prevalence of Salmonella serovars isolated from pets. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2021; 11:1975530. [PMID: 34531964 PMCID: PMC8439213 DOI: 10.1080/20008686.2021.1975530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonellosis is a global health problem, affecting approximately 1.3 billion people annually. Most of these cases are related to food contamination. However, although the majority of Salmonella serovars are pathogenic to humans, animals can be asymptomatic carriers of these bacteria. Nowadays, a wide range of animals is present in human households as pets, including reptiles, amphibians, dogs, cats, ornamental birds, and rodents. Pets contaminate the environment of their owners by shedding the bacteria intermittently in their feaces. In consequence, theyare thought to cause salmonellosis through pet-to-human transmission. Each Salmonella serovar has a different zoonotic potential, which is strongly regulated by stress factors such as transportation, crowding, food deprivation, or temperature. In this review, we summarize the latest reports concerning Salmonella-prevalence and distribution in pets as well as the risk factors and means of prevention of human salmonellosis caused by contact with their pets. Our literature analysis (based on PubMed and Google Scholar databases) is limited to the distribution of Salmonella serovars found in commonly owned pet species. We collected the recent results of studies concerning testing for Salmonella spp. in biological samples, indicating their prevalence in pets, with regard to clinical cases of human salmonellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Dróżdż
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Rna Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Emil Paluch
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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Muya K, Kalonji M, Kaponda A, Kaut M, Mboni MA, Wa Ilunga N, Kitambala M, Kamulete S, Amuri B, Mutombo K, Simbi L. [Acute and subacute toxicity of Garcinia huillensis Baker, a plant used against urogenital schistosomiasis in Haut-Katanga, DR Congo]. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2020; 79:308-323. [PMID: 33309607 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This research evaluated acute and subacute toxicity of aqueous and methanolic extract from stem bark of Garcinia huillensis Baker, a plant used in Congolese traditional medicine against urogenital schistosomiasis. The acute toxicity is evaluated on guinea pigs by single oral administration of 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000 and 3500mg/kg of body weight of extracts based on the method described by protocol 423 of the Organization for Cooperation and Economic Development. Subacute toxicity is assessed after 28 days after daily administration of 4.5, 45, 450 and 1500mg/kg of body weight of extracts. Weight evolution, hematological and biochemical parameters of the guinea pigs that survived were analyzed and compared with those of the controls. Acute oral toxicity data were used to calculate the LD50 of 2717.39 and 2625.00mg/kg bw for the aqueous and methanolic extract, respectively. Some signs of intoxication were noted, and certain haematological and biochemical parameters analyzed in the treated guinea pigs sometimes presented statistically significant differences compared to those of the controls. The minimum tolerated dose (1652.17mg/kg bw) found for the aqueous extract is far greater than the therapeutic dose administered by traditional therapists (4.5mg). Thus, the study shows that the stem bark of G. huillensis would be moderately toxic and would present a good margin of safety under the conditions of our experimentation, which would justify the non-toxic use of the plant under the traditional conditions of preparation and oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Muya
- Laboratoire de pharmacognosie, faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques, université de Lubumbashi (UNILU), 27, avenue Kato, Commune Kampemba, Lubumbashi, République démocratique du Congo.
| | - M Kalonji
- Laboratoire de pharmacognosie, faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques, université de Lubumbashi (UNILU), 27, avenue Kato, Commune Kampemba, Lubumbashi, République démocratique du Congo
| | - A Kaponda
- Laboratoire de biologie clinique, faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques, UNILU, 27, avenue Kato, Commune Kampemba, Lubumbashi, République démocratique du Congo
| | - M Kaut
- École de santé publique, UNILU, 57, avenue Ndjamena, Commune Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, République démocratique du Congo
| | - M A Mboni
- Laboratoire de pharmacognosie, faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques, université de Lubumbashi (UNILU), 27, avenue Kato, Commune Kampemba, Lubumbashi, République démocratique du Congo
| | - N Wa Ilunga
- Laboratoire de pharmacognosie, faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques, université de Lubumbashi (UNILU), 27, avenue Kato, Commune Kampemba, Lubumbashi, République démocratique du Congo
| | - M Kitambala
- Laboratoire de chimie organique, faculté des sciences, université de Lubumbashi, 02, avenue de la Maternité, Commune Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, République démocratique du Congo
| | - S Kamulete
- Laboratoire de pharmacognosie, faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques, université de Lubumbashi (UNILU), 27, avenue Kato, Commune Kampemba, Lubumbashi, République démocratique du Congo
| | - B Amuri
- Laboratoire de pharmacognosie, faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques, université de Lubumbashi (UNILU), 27, avenue Kato, Commune Kampemba, Lubumbashi, République démocratique du Congo
| | - K Mutombo
- Laboratoire de chimie organique, faculté des sciences, université de Lubumbashi, 02, avenue de la Maternité, Commune Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, République démocratique du Congo
| | - L Simbi
- Laboratoire de chimie organique, faculté des sciences, université de Lubumbashi, 02, avenue de la Maternité, Commune Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, République démocratique du Congo
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