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Bademci R, Erdoğan MA, Eroğlu E, Meral A, Erdoğan A, Atasoy Ö, Erbaş O. Demonstration of the protective effect of ghrelin in the livers of rats with cisplatin toxicity. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:2178-2187. [PMID: 34151639 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211026722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the various and newly developed chemotherapeutic agents in recent years, cisplatin is still used very frequently as a chemotherapeutic agent, even though cisplatin has toxic effects on many organs. The aim of our study is to show whether ghrelin reduces the liver toxicity of cisplatin in the rat model. Twenty-eight male Sprague Dawley albino mature rats were chosen to be utilized in the study. Group 1 rats (n = 7) were taken as the control group, and no medication was given to them. Group 2 rats (n = 7) received 5 mg/kg/day cisplatin and 1 ml/kg/day of 0.9% NaCl, Group 3 rats (n = 7) received 5 mg/kg/day cisplatin and 10 ng/kg/day ghrelin, Group 4 rats (n = 7) received 5 mg/kg/day cisplatin and 20 ng/kg/day ghrelin for 3 days. Glutathione, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and liver biopsy results were measured in rats. It was determined that, especially in the high-dose group, the MDA, plasma ALT, and SOD levels increased less in the ghrelin group as compared to the cisplatin group, and the glutathione level decreased slightly with a low dose of ghrelin, while it increased with a higher dose. In histopathological examination, it was determined that the toxic effect of cisplatin on the liver was reduced with a low dose of ghrelin, and its histopathological appearance was similar to normal liver tissue when given a high dose of ghrelin. These findings show that ghrelin, especially in high doses, can be used to reduce the toxic effect of cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bademci
- Department of General Surgery, 218502Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M A Erdoğan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, 485550Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - E Eroğlu
- Department of General Surgery, 64117Memorial Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Meral
- Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, 64162Yuzuncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - A Erdoğan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Izmir Cigli Regional Training Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ö Atasoy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - O Erbaş
- Department of Physiology, Istanbul Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Ghrelin agonist HM01 attenuates chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity in rodent models. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 840:89-103. [PMID: 30268665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity (CIPN) is often dose-limiting and impacts life quality and survival of cancer patients. Ghrelin agonists have neuroprotectant effects and may have a role in treating or preventing CIPN. We evaluated the CNS-penetrant ghrelin agonist HM01 in three experimental models of CIPN at doses of 3-30 mg/kg p.o. daily monitoring orexigenic properties, nerve conduction, mechanical allodynia, and intra-epidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD). In a cisplatin-based study, rats were dosed daily for 3 days (0.5 mg/kg i.p.) + HM01. Cisplatin treatment induced mechanical hypersensitivity which was significantly reduced by HM01. In a second study, oxaliplatin was administered to mice (6 mg/kg i.p. 3 times/week for 4 weeks) resulting in significant digital nerve conduction velocity (NCV) deficits and reduction of IENFD. Concurrent HM01 dose dependently prevented the decline in NCV and attenuated the reduction in IENFD. Pharmacokinetic studies showed HM01 accumulation in the dorsal root ganglia and sciatic nerves which reached concentrations > 10 fold that of plasma. In a third model, HM01 was tested in preventive and therapeutic paradigms in a bortezomib-based rat model (0.2 mg/kg i.v., 3 times/week for 8 weeks). In the preventive setting, HM01 blocked bortezomib-induced hyperalgesia and IENFD reduction at all doses tested. In the therapeutic setting, significant effect was observed, but only at the highest dose. Altogether, the robust peripheral nervous system penetration of HM01 and its ability to improve multiple oxaliplatin-, cisplatin-, and bortezomib-induced neurotoxicities suggest that HM01 may be a useful neuroprotective adjuvant for CIPN.
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Human eyelid adipose tissue-derived Schwann cells promote regeneration of a transected sciatic nerve. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43248. [PMID: 28256528 PMCID: PMC5335702 DOI: 10.1038/srep43248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells (SCs) can promote the regeneration of injured peripheral nerves while the clinical application is limited by donor site complications and the inability to generate an ample amount of cells. In this study, we have isolated human eyelid adipose-derived Schwann cells (hE-SCs) from human eyelid adipose tissue and identified the cell phenotype and function. Using immunofluorescence and H & E staining, we detected subtle nerve fibers and SCs in human eyelid adipose tissue. Immunofluorescence staining indicated that hE-SCs expressed glial markers, such as S100, p75NTR GFAP, Sox10 and Krox20. To explore whether hE-SCs promote the regeneration of injured peripheral nerves in vivo, a Balb/c-nu mice model was used in the study, and mice were randomly assigned to five groups: Matrigel; hE-SCs/P0; hE-SCs/P2; hE-FLCs/P2; and Autograft. After 12 weeks, functional and histological assessments of the regenerated nerves showed that sciatic nerve defect was more effectively repaired in the hE-SCs/P2 group which achieved 66.1 ± 6.5% purity, than the other three groups and recovered to similar level to the Autograft group. These results indicated that hE-SCs can promote the regeneration of injured peripheral nerve and the abundant, easily accessible supply of adipose tissue might be a promising source of SCs for peripheral nerve repair.
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Mansson JV, Alves FD, Biolo A, Souza GC. Use of ghrelin in cachexia syndrome: a systematic review of clinical trials. Nutr Rev 2016; 74:659-669. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuw029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Angelino E, Reano S, Ferrara M, Agosti E, Graziani A, Filigheddu N. Antifibrotic activity of acylated and unacylated ghrelin. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:385682. [PMID: 25960743 PMCID: PMC4415458 DOI: 10.1155/2015/385682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis can affect almost all tissues and organs, it often represents the terminal stage of chronic diseases, and it is regarded as a major health issue for which efficient therapies are needed. Tissue injury, by inducing necrosis/apoptosis, triggers inflammatory response that, in turn, promotes fibroblast activation and pathological deposition of extracellular matrix. Acylated and unacylated ghrelin are the main products of the ghrelin gene. The acylated form, through its receptor GHSR-1a, stimulates appetite and growth hormone (GH) release. Although unacylated ghrelin does not bind or activate GHSR-1a, it shares with the acylated form several biological activities. Ghrelin peptides exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antiapoptotic activities, suggesting that they might represent an efficient approach to prevent or reduce fibrosis. The aim of this review is to summarize the available evidence regarding the effects of acylated and unacylated ghrelin on different pathologies and experimental models in which fibrosis is a predominant characteristic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Angelino
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Simone Reano
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Michele Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Emanuela Agosti
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Andrea Graziani
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Filigheddu
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- *Nicoletta Filigheddu:
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Khatib N, Gaidhane S, Gaidhane AM, Khatib M, Simkhada P, Gode D, Zahiruddin QS. Ghrelin: ghrelin as a regulatory Peptide in growth hormone secretion. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:MC13-7. [PMID: 25302229 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/9863.4767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ghrelin is a type of growth hormone (GH) secretagogue that stimulates the release of GH. It is a first hormone linking gastrointestinal-pituitary axis. OBJECTIVE This review highlights the interaction of ghrelin with GHRH and somatostatin to regulate the secretion of GH and intends to explore the possible physiological role of the ghrelin-pituitary-GH axis linkage system. OBSERVATION Ghrelin is highly conserved among species and is classified into octanoylated (C8:0), decanoylated (C10:0), decenoylated (C10:1) and nonacylated,ghrelin. Acylated ghrelin is the major active form of human ghrelin. The primary production site of ghrelin is the stomach, and it interacts with stomach ghrelin as well as hypothalamic GHRH and somatostatin in the regulation of pituitary GH secretion. Ghrelin stimulate GH release through the GHS receptor to increase intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+] levels via IP3 signal transduction pathway. Ghrelin is a specific endogenous ligand for the GHS receptor and provides a definitive proof of the occurance of a GHS-GHS receptor signalling system in the regulation of GH secretion. CONCLUSION Studies suggests that ghrelin is a powerful pharmacological agent that exerts a potent, time-dependent stimulation of pulsatile secretion of GH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazli Khatib
- Associate Professor, Department of Physiology, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences , Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, India
| | - Shilpa Gaidhane
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences , Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, India
| | - Abhay M Gaidhane
- Professor, Department of Community Medicine, J N Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences , Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, India
| | - Mahanaaz Khatib
- Pharmacovigilance Co-ordinator, i3global , Pune Maharashtra, India
| | - Padam Simkhada
- Senior Lecturer, International Health School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR),University of Sheffield , UK
| | - Dilip Gode
- Vice Chancellor, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences , Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, India
| | - Quazi Syed Zahiruddin
- Associate Dean, Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences , Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, India
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Prodam F, Filigheddu N. Ghrelin gene products in acute and chronic inflammation. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2014; 62:369-84. [PMID: 24728531 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-014-0287-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin gene products--the peptides ghrelin, unacylated ghrelin, and obestatin--have several actions on the immune system, opening new perspectives within neuroendocrinology, metabolism and inflammation. The aim of this review is to summarize the available evidence regarding the less known role of these peptides in the machinery of inflammation and autoimmunity, outlining some of their most promising therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Prodam
- Departmant of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
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