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Song T, Hui W, Huang M, Guo Y, Yu M, Yang X, Liu Y, Chen X. Dynamic Changes in Ion Channels during Myocardial Infarction and Therapeutic Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6467. [PMID: 38928173 PMCID: PMC11203447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In different areas of the heart, action potential waveforms differ due to differences in the expressions of sodium, calcium, and potassium channels. One of the characteristics of myocardial infarction (MI) is an imbalance in oxygen supply and demand, leading to ion imbalance. After MI, the regulation and expression levels of K+, Ca2+, and Na+ ion channels in cardiomyocytes are altered, which affects the regularity of cardiac rhythm and leads to myocardial injury. Myocardial fibroblasts are the main effector cells in the process of MI repair. The ion channels of myocardial fibroblasts play an important role in the process of MI. At the same time, a large number of ion channels are expressed in immune cells, which play an important role by regulating the in- and outflow of ions to complete intracellular signal transduction. Ion channels are widely distributed in a variety of cells and are attractive targets for drug development. This article reviews the changes in different ion channels after MI and the therapeutic drugs for these channels. We analyze the complex molecular mechanisms behind myocardial ion channel regulation and the challenges in ion channel drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Song
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (T.S.); (W.H.); (M.H.); (Y.G.); (M.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wenting Hui
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (T.S.); (W.H.); (M.H.); (Y.G.); (M.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (T.S.); (W.H.); (M.H.); (Y.G.); (M.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (T.S.); (W.H.); (M.H.); (Y.G.); (M.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Meiyi Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (T.S.); (W.H.); (M.H.); (Y.G.); (M.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (T.S.); (W.H.); (M.H.); (Y.G.); (M.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (T.S.); (W.H.); (M.H.); (Y.G.); (M.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (T.S.); (W.H.); (M.H.); (Y.G.); (M.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.)
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Zhao F, Fang L, Wang Q, Ye Q, He Y, Xu W, Song Y. Exploring the Pivotal Components Influencing the Side Effects Induced by an Analgesic-Antitumor Peptide from Scorpion Venom on Human Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels 1.4 and 1.5 through Computational Simulation. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 15:33. [PMID: 36668853 PMCID: PMC9864070 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs, or Nav) are important determinants of action potential generation and propagation. Efforts are underway to develop medicines targeting different channel subtypes for the treatment of related channelopathies. However, a high degree of conservation across its nine subtypes could lead to the off-target adverse effects on skeletal and cardiac muscles due to acting on primary skeletal muscle sodium channel Nav1.4 and cardiac muscle sodium channel Nav1.5, respectively. For a long evolutionary process, some peptide toxins from venoms have been found to be highly potent yet selective on ion channel subtypes and, therefore, hold the promising potential to be developed into therapeutic agents. In this research, all-atom molecular dynamic methods were used to elucidate the selective mechanisms of an analgesic-antitumor β-scorpion toxin (AGAP) with human Nav1.4 and Nav1.5 in order to unravel the primary reason for the production of its adverse reactions on the skeletal and cardiac muscles. Our results suggest that the rational distribution of residues with ring structures near position 38 and positive residues in the C-terminal on AGAP are critical factors to ensure its analgesic efficacy. Moreover, the substitution for residues with benzene is beneficial to reduce its side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhao
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Liangyi Fang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qi Ye
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yanan He
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Weizhuo Xu
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yongbo Song
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
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Hodges SL, Bouza AA, Isom LL. Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Regulated Intramembrane Proteolysis Mechanisms of Voltage-Gated Ion Channel Subunits and Cell Adhesion Molecules. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:1028-1048. [PMID: 36113879 PMCID: PMC9553118 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Several integral membrane proteins undergo regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP), a tightly controlled process through which cells transmit information across and between intracellular compartments. RIP generates biologically active peptides by a series of proteolytic cleavage events carried out by two primary groups of enzymes: sheddases and intramembrane-cleaving proteases (iCLiPs). Following RIP, fragments of both pore-forming and non-pore-forming ion channel subunits, as well as immunoglobulin super family (IgSF) members, have been shown to translocate to the nucleus to function in transcriptional regulation. As an example, the voltage-gated sodium channel β1 subunit, which is also an IgSF-cell adhesion molecule (CAM), is a substrate for RIP. β1 RIP results in generation of a soluble intracellular domain, which can regulate gene expression in the nucleus. In this review, we discuss the proposed RIP mechanisms of voltage-gated sodium, potassium, and calcium channel subunits as well as the roles of their generated proteolytic products in the nucleus. We also discuss other RIP substrates that are cleaved by similar sheddases and iCLiPs, such as IgSF macromolecules, including CAMs, whose proteolytically generated fragments function in the nucleus. Importantly, dysfunctional RIP mechanisms are linked to human disease. Thus, we will also review how understanding RIP events and subsequent signaling processes involving ion channel subunits and IgSF proteins may lead to the discovery of novel therapeutic targets. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Several ion channel subunits and immunoglobulin superfamily molecules have been identified as substrates of regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP). This signal transduction mechanism, which generates polypeptide fragments that translocate to the nucleus, is an important regulator of gene transcription. RIP may impact diseases of excitability, including epilepsy, cardiac arrhythmia, and sudden death syndromes. A thorough understanding of the role of RIP in gene regulation is critical as it may reveal novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of previously intractable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Hodges
- Departments of Pharmacology (S.L.H., A.A.B., L.L.I.), Neurology (L.L.I.), and Molecular & Integrative Physiology (L.L.I.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Alexandra A Bouza
- Departments of Pharmacology (S.L.H., A.A.B., L.L.I.), Neurology (L.L.I.), and Molecular & Integrative Physiology (L.L.I.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lori L Isom
- Departments of Pharmacology (S.L.H., A.A.B., L.L.I.), Neurology (L.L.I.), and Molecular & Integrative Physiology (L.L.I.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Alvarez-Collazo J, López-Requena A, Alvarez JL, Talavera K. The Citrus Flavonoid Hesperetin Has an Inadequate Anti-Arrhythmic Profile in the ΔKPQ Na V1.5 Mutant of the Long QT Type 3 Syndrome. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060952. [PMID: 32599724 PMCID: PMC7355927 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 3 long QT syndromes (LQT3) are associated with arrhythmogenic gain-of-function mutations in the cardiac voltage-gated Na+ channel (hNaV1.5). The citrus flavanone hesperetin (HSP) was previously suggested as a template molecule to develop new anti-arrhythmic drugs, as it blocks slowly-inactivating currents carried by the LQT3-associated hNaV1.5 channel mutant R1623Q. Here we investigated whether HSP also has potentially beneficial effects on another LQT3 hNaV1.5 channel variant, the ΔKPQ, which is associated to lethal ventricular arrhythmias. We used whole-cell patch-clamp to record Na+ currents (INa) in HEK293T cells transiently expressing hNaV1.5 wild type or ΔKPQ mutant channels. HSP blocked peak INa and the late INa carried by ΔKPQ mutant channels with an effective concentration of ≈300 μM. This inhibition was largely voltage-independent and tonic. HSP decreased the rate of inactivation of ΔKPQ channels and, consequently, was relatively weak in reducing the intracellular Na+ load in this mutation. We conclude that, although HSP has potential value for the treatment of the R1623Q LQT3 variant, this compound is inadequate to treat the LQT3 associated to the ΔKPQ genetic variant. Our results underscore the precision medicine rationale of better understanding the basic pathophysiological and pharmacological mechanisms to provide phenotype- genotype-directed individualization of treatment.
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Mačianskienė R, Pudžiuvelytė L, Bernatonienė J, Almanaitytė M, Navalinskas A, Treinys R, Andriulė I, Jurevičius J. Antiarrhythmic Properties of Elsholtzia ciliata Essential Oil on Electrical Activity of the Isolated Rabbit Heart and Preferential Inhibition of Sodium Conductance. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E948. [PMID: 32586017 PMCID: PMC7356736 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Elsholtzia ciliata essential oil (E. ciliata) has been developed in Lithuania and internationally patented as exerting antiarrhythmic properties. Here we demonstrate the pharmacological effects of this herbal preparation on cardiac electrical activity. We used cardiac surface ECG and a combination of microelectrode and optical mapping techniques to track the action potentials (APs) in the Langendorff-perfused rabbit heart model during atrial/endo-/epi-cardial pacing. Activation time, conduction velocity and AP duration (APD) maps were constructed. E. ciliata increased the QRS duration and shortened QT interval of ECG at concentrations of 0.01-0.1 μL/mL, whereas 0.3 μL/mL (0.03%) concentration resulted in marked strengthening of changes. In addition, the E. ciliata in a concentration dependent manner reduced the AP upstroke dV/dtmax and AP amplitude as well as APD. A marked attenuation of the AP dV/dtmax and a slowing spread of electrical signals suggest the impaired functioning of Na+channels, and the effect was usedependent. Importantly, all these changes were at least partially reversible. Our results indicate that E. ciliata modulates cardiac electrical activity preferentially inhibiting Na+ conductance, which may contribute to its effects as a natural antiarrhythmic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Mačianskienė
- Institute of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių pr. 15, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (R.M.); (M.A.); (A.N.); (R.T.); (I.A.)
| | - Lauryna Pudžiuvelytė
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.P.); (J.B.)
- Department of Drug Technology and Social Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jurga Bernatonienė
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.P.); (J.B.)
- Department of Drug Technology and Social Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Mantė Almanaitytė
- Institute of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių pr. 15, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (R.M.); (M.A.); (A.N.); (R.T.); (I.A.)
| | - Antanas Navalinskas
- Institute of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių pr. 15, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (R.M.); (M.A.); (A.N.); (R.T.); (I.A.)
| | - Rimantas Treinys
- Institute of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių pr. 15, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (R.M.); (M.A.); (A.N.); (R.T.); (I.A.)
| | - Inga Andriulė
- Institute of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių pr. 15, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (R.M.); (M.A.); (A.N.); (R.T.); (I.A.)
| | - Jonas Jurevičius
- Institute of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių pr. 15, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (R.M.); (M.A.); (A.N.); (R.T.); (I.A.)
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Hirayama S, Fujii H. δ Opioid Receptor Inverse Agonists and their In Vivo Pharmacological Effects. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:2889-2902. [PMID: 32238139 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200402115654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of δ opioid receptor inverse agonist activity induced by ICI-174,864, which was previously reported as an δ opioid receptor antagonist, opened the door for the investigation of inverse agonism/constitutive activity of the receptors. Various peptidic or non-peptidic δ opioid receptor inverse agonists have since been developed. Compared with the reports dealing with in vitro inverse agonist activities of novel compounds or known compounds as antagonists, there have been almost no publications describing the in vivo pharmacological effects induced by a δ opioid receptor inverse agonist. After the observation of anorectic effects with the δ opioid receptor antagonism was discussed in the early 2000s, the short-term memory improving effects and antitussive effects have been very recently reported as possible pharmacological effects induced by a δ opioid receptor inverse agonist. In this review, we will survey the developed δ opioid receptor inverse agonists and summarize the possible in vivo pharmacological effects by δ opioid receptor inverse agonists. Moreover, we will discuss important issues involved in the investigation of the in vivo pharmacological effects produced by a δ opioid receptor inverse agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeto Hirayama
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5- 9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Hideaki Fujii
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5- 9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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Zhu J, Hou W, Xu Y, Ji F, Wang G, Chen C, Lin C, Lin X, Li J, Zhuo C, Shao M. Antipsychotic drugs and sudden cardiac death: A literature review of the challenges in the prediction, management, and future steps. Psychiatry Res 2019; 281:112598. [PMID: 31622875 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is relatively uncommon, yet it is a deadly consequence of some antipsychotic medications in patients with psychiatric disorders. The widespread concerns about the adverse cardiac effects associated with antipsychotics and their unpredictable nature have led to a restriction on the use of some antipsychotic medications. Recent progress has been made in the identification of important genetic factors that may contribute to the adverse complication of antipsychotic drugs, suggesting that high-risk individuals can be identified prior to initiating therapy. In addition, some high-tech smart wearable medical devices have recently been developed, allowing users to record and analyze the electrocardiogram (ECG) in couple with artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, and notifying of irregular heart rhythms or arrhythmias, a medical condition well documented in most SCD cases. In this literature review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the link between SCD and antipsychotic drug usage, as well as in utilizing wearable medical devices for monitoring of cardiac arrhythmias. New strategies for improving the care of patients receiving antipsychotic medications are proposed. As it is now possible to evaluate the risk of SCD in patients on antipsychotic medications, preventative measures and close monitoring may be used to detect the early signs of adverse cardiac events and SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Weihong Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China,; MDT Center for Cognitive Impairment and Sleep Disorders, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; National Key Disciplines, Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Neurobiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Feng Ji
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health, Psychiatric Genetics Laboratory (PSYG-Lab), Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272191, China
| | - Guowei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Linyi Mental Health Center, Linyi, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Ce Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Chongguang Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Xiodong Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics and Morbidity Laboratory (PNGC-Lab), Nankai University Affiliated Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center, Mental Health Teaching Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Chuanjun Zhuo
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health, Psychiatric Genetics Laboratory (PSYG-Lab), Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272191, China; Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China; Department of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics and Morbidity Laboratory (PNGC-Lab), Nankai University Affiliated Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center, Mental Health Teaching Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China; Department of China-Canada Biological Psychiatry Lab, Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, 361000, China
| | - Mingjng Shao
- National Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
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Alvarez‐Collazo J, López‐Requena A, Galán L, Talavera A, Alvarez JL, Talavera K. The citrus flavanone hesperetin preferentially inhibits slow-inactivating currents of a long QT syndrome type 3 syndrome Na + channel mutation. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:1090-1105. [PMID: 30650182 PMCID: PMC6451064 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The citrus flavanone hesperetin has been proposed for the treatment of several human pathologies, but its cardiovascular actions remain largely unexplored. Here, we evaluated the effect of hesperetin on cardiac electrical and contractile activities, on aortic contraction, on the wild-type voltage-gated NaV 1.5 channel, and on a channel mutant (R1623Q) associated with lethal ventricular arrhythmias in the long QT syndrome type 3 (LQT3). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used cardiac surface ECG and contraction force recordings to evaluate the effects of hesperetin in rat isolated hearts and aortic rings. Whole-cell patch clamp was used to record NaV 1.5 currents (INa ) in rat ventricular cardiomyocytes and in HEK293T cells expressing hNaV 1.5 wild-type or mutant channels. KEY RESULTS Hesperetin increased the QRS interval and heart rate and decreased the corrected QT interval and the cardiac and aortic contraction forces at concentrations equal or higher than 30 μmol·L-1 . Hesperetin blocked rat and human NaV 1.5 channels with an effective inhibitory concentration of ≈100 μmol·L-1 . This inhibition was enhanced at depolarized holding potentials and higher stimulation frequency and was reduced by the disruption of the binding site for local anaesthetics. Hesperetin increased the rate of inactivation and preferentially inhibited INa during the slow inactivation phase, these effects being more pronounced in the R1623Q mutant. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Hesperetin preferentially inhibits the slow inactivation phase of INa , more markedly in the mutant R1623Q. Hesperetin could be used as a template to develop drugs against lethal cardiac arrhythmias in LQT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Alvarez‐Collazo
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineVIB‐KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease ResearchLeuvenBelgium
| | - Alejandro López‐Requena
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineVIB‐KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease ResearchLeuvenBelgium
| | - Loipa Galán
- Laboratory of ElectrophysiologyInstitute of Cardiology and Cardiovascular SurgeryHavanaCuba
| | - Ariel Talavera
- Laboratory of Microscopy, Center for Microscopy and Molecular ImagingUniversité Libre de BruxellesGosseliesBelgium
| | - Julio L. Alvarez
- Laboratory of ElectrophysiologyInstitute of Cardiology and Cardiovascular SurgeryHavanaCuba
| | - Karel Talavera
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineVIB‐KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease ResearchLeuvenBelgium
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9
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Wang L, Zellmer SG, Printzenhoff DM, Castle NA. PF-06526290 can both enhance and inhibit conduction through voltage-gated sodium channels. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:2926-2939. [PMID: 29791744 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pharmacological agents that either inhibit or enhance flux of ions through voltage-gated sodium (Nav ) channels may provide opportunities for treatment of human health disorders. During studies to characterize agents that modulate Nav 1.3 function, we identified a compound that appears to exhibit both enhancement and inhibition of sodium ion conduction that appeared to be dependent on the gating state that the channel was in. The objective of the current study was to determine if these different modulatory effects are mediated by the same or distinct interactions with the channel. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Electrophysiology and site-directed mutation were used to investigate the effects of PF-06526290 on Nav channel function. KEY RESULTS PF-06526290 greatly slows inactivation of Nav channels in a subtype-independent manner. However, upon prolonged depolarization to induce inactivation, PF-06526290 becomes a Nav subtype-selective inhibitor. Mutation of the domain 4 voltage sensor modulates inhibition of Nav 1.3 or Nav 1.7 channels by PF-06526290 but has no effect on PF-06526290 mediated slowing of inactivation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These findings suggest that distinct interactions may underlie the two modes of Nav channel modulation by PF-06526290 and that a single compound can affect sodium channel function in several ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxin Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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10
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Chowdhury RA, Tzortzis KN, Dupont E, Selvadurai S, Perbellini F, Cantwell CD, Ng FS, Simon AR, Terracciano CM, Peters NS. Concurrent micro- to macro-cardiac electrophysiology in myocyte cultures and human heart slices. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6947. [PMID: 29720607 PMCID: PMC5932023 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The contact cardiac electrogram is derived from the extracellular manifestation of cellular action potentials and cell-to-cell communication. It is used to guide catheter based clinical procedures. Theoretically, the contact electrogram and the cellular action potential are directly related, and should change in conjunction with each other during arrhythmogenesis, however there is currently no methodology by which to concurrently record both electrograms and action potentials in the same preparation for direct validation of their relationships and their direct mechanistic links. We report a novel dual modality apparatus for concurrent electrogram and cellular action potential recording at a single cell level within multicellular preparations. We further demonstrate the capabilities of this system to validate the direct link between these two modalities of voltage recordings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasheda A Chowdhury
- Myocardial Function Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK. .,ElectroCardioMaths Programme, Imperial Centre for Cardiac Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Konstantinos N Tzortzis
- Myocardial Function Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.,ElectroCardioMaths Programme, Imperial Centre for Cardiac Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Emmanuel Dupont
- Myocardial Function Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.,ElectroCardioMaths Programme, Imperial Centre for Cardiac Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Shaun Selvadurai
- Myocardial Function Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.,ElectroCardioMaths Programme, Imperial Centre for Cardiac Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Filippo Perbellini
- Myocardial Function Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Chris D Cantwell
- Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. .,ElectroCardioMaths Programme, Imperial Centre for Cardiac Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Fu Siong Ng
- Myocardial Function Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.,ElectroCardioMaths Programme, Imperial Centre for Cardiac Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Andre R Simon
- Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation & Mechanical Circulatory Support, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UB9 6JH, UK
| | - Cesare M Terracciano
- Myocardial Function Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Nicholas S Peters
- Myocardial Function Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.,ElectroCardioMaths Programme, Imperial Centre for Cardiac Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Modification of distinct ion channels differentially modulates Ca 2+ dynamics in primary cultured rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40952. [PMID: 28102360 PMCID: PMC5244425 DOI: 10.1038/srep40952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cultured cardiomyocytes show spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations (SCOs) which not only govern contractile events, but undergo derangements that promote arrhythmogenesis through Ca2+ -dependent mechanism. We systematically examined influence on SCOs of an array of ion channel modifiers by recording intracellular Ca2+ dynamics in rat ventricular cardiomyocytes using Ca2+ specific fluorescence dye, Fluo-8/AM. Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) activation elongates SCO duration and reduces SCO frequency while inhibition of VGSCs decreases SCO frequency without affecting amplitude and duration. Inhibition of voltage-gated potassium channel increases SCO duration. Direct activation of L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCCs) induces SCO bursts while suppressing LTCCs decreases SCO amplitude and slightly increases SCO frequency. Activation of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) increases SCO duration and decreases both SCO amplitude and frequency while inhibiting RyRs decreases SCO frequency without affecting amplitude and duration. The potencies of these ion channel modifiers on SCO responses are generally consistent with their affinities in respective targets demonstrating that modification of distinct targets produces different SCO profiles. We further demonstrate that clinically-used drugs that produce Long-QT syndrome including cisapride, dofetilide, sotalol, and quinidine all induce SCO bursts while verapamil has no effect. Therefore, occurrence of SCO bursts may have a translational value to predict cardiotoxicants causing Long-QT syndrome.
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Wang L, Zellmer SG, Printzenhoff DM, Castle NA. Addition of a single methyl group to a small molecule sodium channel inhibitor introduces a new mode of gating modulation. Br J Pharmacol 2015. [PMID: 26220736 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Aryl sulfonamide Nav 1.3 or Nav 1.7 voltage-gated sodium (Nav ) channel inhibitors interact with the Domain 4 voltage sensor domain (D4 VSD). During studies to better understand the structure-activity relationship of this interaction, an additional mode of channel modulation, specifically slowing of inactivation, was revealed by addition of a single methyl moiety. The objective of the current study was to determine if these different modulatory effects are mediated by the same or distinct interactions with the channel. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Electrophysiology and site-directed mutation were used to compare the effects of PF-06526290 and its desmethyl analogue PF-05661014 on Nav channel function. KEY RESULTS PF-05661014 selectively inhibits Nav 1.3 versus Nav 1.7 currents by stabilizing inactivated channels via interaction with D4 VSD. In contrast, PF-06526290, which differs from PF-05661014 by a single methyl group, exhibits a dual effect. It greatly slows inactivation of Nav channels in a subtype-independent manner. However, upon prolonged depolarization to induce inactivation, PF-06526290 becomes a Nav subtype selective inhibitor similar to PF-05661014. Mutation of the D4 VSD modulates inhibition of Nav 1.3 or Nav 1.7 by both PF-05661014 and PF-06526290, but has no effect on the inactivation slowing produced by PF-06526290. This finding, along with the absence of functional inhibition of PF-06526290-induced inactivation slowing by PF-05661014, suggests that distinct interactions underlie the two modes of Nav channel modulation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Addition of a methyl group to a Nav channel inhibitor introduces an additional mode of gating modulation, implying that a single compound can affect sodium channel function in multiple ways.
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Marcsa B, Dénes R, Vörös K, Rácz G, Sasvári-Székely M, Rónai Z, Törő K, Keszler G. A Common Polymorphism of the Human Cardiac Sodium Channel Alpha Subunit (SCN5A) Gene Is Associated with Sudden Cardiac Death in Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132137. [PMID: 26146998 PMCID: PMC4492622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac death remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Recent research has shed light on pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cardiac death, and several genetic variants in novel candidate genes have been identified as risk factors. However, the vast majority of studies performed so far investigated genetic associations with specific forms of cardiac death only (sudden, arrhythmogenic, ischemic etc.). The aim of the present investigation was to find a genetic marker that can be used as a general, powerful predictor of cardiac death risk. To this end, a case-control association study was performed on a heterogeneous cohort of cardiac death victims (n=360) and age-matched controls (n=300). Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from five candidate genes (beta2 adrenergic receptor, nitric oxide synthase 1 adaptor protein, ryanodine receptor 2, sodium channel type V alpha subunit and transforming growth factor-beta receptor 2) that had previously been shown to associate with certain forms of cardiac death were genotyped using sequence-specific real-time PCR probes. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the CC genotype of the rs11720524 polymorphism in the SCN5A gene encoding a subunit of the cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel occurred more frequently in the highly heterogeneous cardiac death cohort compared to the control population (p=0.019, odds ratio: 1.351). A detailed subgroup analysis uncovered that this effect was due to an association of this variant with cardiac death in chronic ischemic heart disease (p=0.012, odds ratio = 1.455). None of the other investigated polymorphisms showed association with cardiac death in this context. In conclusion, our results shed light on the role of this non-coding polymorphism in cardiac death in ischemic cardiomyopathy. Functional studies are needed to explore the pathophysiological background of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boglárka Marcsa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Réka Dénes
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Vörös
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Rácz
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mária Sasvári-Székely
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Rónai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Klára Törő
- Department of Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Keszler
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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