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Abstract
The reforming of biofuels represents a promising technology for low carbon and renewable hydrogen production today. The core of the process is an active and stable catalyst, which can help to improve this technology and its efficiency. With this review, we aim to survey the more relevant literature on heterogeneous catalysts for the reforming of biofuels with improved sulfur tolerance. The review is structured into four main sections. Following the introduction, the fundamental aspects of sulfur poisoning are discussed. In the third section, the basic principles of the reforming of biofuels are reported, and finally, in the fourth section—the core of the review—recent progresses in the development of sulfur resistant catalysts are discussed, distinguishing the role of the metal (noble and non-noble) from that of the support.
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Khan WU, Yu IKM, Sun Y, Polson MIJ, Golovko V, Lam FLY, Ogino I, Tsang DCW, Yip ACK. Size-activity threshold of titanium dioxide-supported Cu cluster in CO oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 279:116899. [PMID: 33743438 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Development of non-noble metal cluster catalysts, aiming at concurrently high activity and stability, for emission control systems has been challenging because of sintering and overcoating of clusters on the support. In this work, we reported the role of well-dispersed copper nanoclusters supported on TiO2 in CO oxidation under industrially relevant operating conditions. The catalyst containing 0.15 wt% Cu on TiO2 (0.15 CT) exhibited a high dispersion (59.1%), a large specific surface area (381 m2/gCu), a small particle size (1.77 nm), and abundant active sites (75.8% Cu2O). The CO oxidation activity measured by the turnover frequency (TOF) was found to be enhanced from 0.60 × 10-3 to 3.22 × 10-3 molCO·molCu-1·s-1 as the copper loading decreased from 5 to 0.15 wt%. A CO conversion of approximately 60% was still observed in the supported cluster catalyst with a Cu loading of 5 wt% at 240 °C. No deactivation was observed for catalysts with low copper loading (0.15 and 0.30 CT) after 8 h of time-on-stream, which compares favorably with less stable Au cluster-based catalysts reported in the literature. In contrast, catalysts with high copper loading (0.75 and 5 CT) showed deactivation over time, which was ascribed to the increase in copper particle size due to metal cluster agglomeration. This study elucidated the size-activity threshold of TiO2-supported Cu cluster catalysts. It also demonstrated the potential of the supported Cu cluster catalyst at a typical temperature range of diesel engines at light-load. The supported Cu cluster catalyst could be a promising alternative to noble metal cluster catalysts for emission control systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasim Ullah Khan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Iris K M Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Yuqing Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Matthew I J Polson
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Vladimir Golovko
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Frank L Y Lam
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Isao Ogino
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Alex C K Yip
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
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Hongloi N, Prapainainar P, Prapainainar C. Review of green diesel production from fatty acid deoxygenation over Ni-based catalysts. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Pramhaas V, Roiaz M, Bosio N, Corva M, Rameshan C, Vesselli E, Grönbeck H, Rupprechter G. Interplay between CO Disproportionation and Oxidation: On the Origin of the CO Reaction Onset on Atomic Layer Deposition-Grown Pt/ZrO 2 Model Catalysts. ACS Catal 2021; 11:208-214. [PMID: 33425478 PMCID: PMC7783867 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Pt/ZrO2 model catalysts were prepared by atomic layer
deposition (ALD) and examined at mbar pressure by operando sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy and near-ambient pressure
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) combined with differentially
pumped mass spectrometry (MS). ALD enables creating model systems
ranging from Pt nanoparticles to bulk-like thin films. Polarization-dependent
SFG of CO adsorption reveals both the adsorption configuration and
the Pt particle morphology. By combining experimental data with ab initio density functional theory (DFT) calculations,
we show that the CO reaction onset is determined by a delicate balance
between CO disproportionation (Boudouard reaction) and oxidation.
CO disproportionation occurs on low-coordinated Pt sites, but only
at high CO coverages and when the remaining C atom is stabilized by
a favorable coordination. Thus, under the current conditions, initial
CO oxidation is found to be strongly influenced by the removal of
carbon deposits formed through disproportionation mechanisms rather
than being determined by the CO and oxygen inherent activity. Accordingly,
at variance with the general expectation, rough Pt nanoparticles are
seemingly less active than smoother Pt films. The applied approach
enables bridging both the “materials and pressure gaps”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Pramhaas
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Matteo Roiaz
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Noemi Bosio
- Department of Physics and Competence Centre for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Manuel Corva
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- IOM-CNR Laboratorio TASC, Area Science Park, SS 14 km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Christoph Rameshan
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Erik Vesselli
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- IOM-CNR Laboratorio TASC, Area Science Park, SS 14 km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Henrik Grönbeck
- Department of Physics and Competence Centre for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Günther Rupprechter
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna 1060, Austria
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