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Zambrano C, Garitaonaindia MT, Salmerón D, Pérez-Sanz F, Tchio C, Picinato MC, de Medina FS, Luján J, Scheer FAJL, Saxena R, Martínez-Augustin O, Garaulet M. Melatonin decreases human adipose tissue insulin sensitivity. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12965. [PMID: 38860494 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin is a pineal hormone that modulates the circadian system and exerts soporific and phase-shifting effects. It is also involved in many other physiological processes, such as those implicated in cardiovascular, endocrine, immune, and metabolic functions. However, the role of melatonin in glucose metabolism remains contradictory, and its action on human adipose tissue (AT) explants has not been demonstrated. We aimed to assess whether melatonin (a pharmacological dose) influences insulin sensitivity in human AT. This will help better understand melatonin administration's effect on glucose metabolism. Abdominal AT (subcutaneous and visceral) biopsies were obtained from 19 participants with severe obesity (age: 42.84 ± 12.48 years; body mass index: 43.14 ± 8.26 kg/m2) who underwent a laparoscopic gastric bypass. AT biopsies were exposed to four different treatments: control (C), insulin alone (I) (10 nM), melatonin alone (M) (5000 pg/mL), and insulin plus melatonin combined (I + M). All four conditions were repeated in both subcutaneous and visceral AT, and all were performed in the morning at 8 a.m. (n = 19) and the evening at 8 p.m. (in a subsample of n = 12). We used western blot analysis to determine insulin signaling (using the pAKT/tAKT ratio). Furthermore, RNAseq analyses were performed to better understand the metabolic pathways involved in the effect of melatonin on insulin signaling. As expected, insulin treatment (I) increased the pAKT/tAKT ratio compared with control (p < .0001). Furthermore, the addition of melatonin (I + M) resulted in a decrease in insulin signaling as compared with insulin alone (I); this effect was significant only during the evening time (not in the morning time). Further, RNAseq analyses in visceral AT during the evening condition (at 8 p.m.) showed that melatonin resulted in a prompt transcriptome response (around 1 h after melatonin addition), particularly by downregulating the insulin signaling pathway. Our results show that melatonin reduces insulin sensitivity in human AT during the evening. These results may partly explain the previous studies showing a decrease in glucose tolerance after oral melatonin administration in the evening or when eating late when endogenous melatonin is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Zambrano
- Department of Physiology, Regional Campus of International Excellence, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia (IMIB)-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mireia Tena Garitaonaindia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Ibs Granada, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INYTA) José Mataix, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Diego Salmerón
- Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia (IMIB)-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Health and Social Sciences Department, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Cynthia Tchio
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Fermín Sánchez de Medina
- Department of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Ibs Granada, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Luján
- General Surgery Service, Hospital Quirónsalud Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Olga Martínez-Augustin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Ibs Granada, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INYTA) José Mataix, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Marta Garaulet
- Department of Physiology, Regional Campus of International Excellence, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia (IMIB)-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Felder-Schmittbuhl MP, Hicks D, Ribelayga CP, Tosini G. Melatonin in the mammalian retina: Synthesis, mechanisms of action and neuroprotection. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12951. [PMID: 38572848 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin is an important player in the regulation of many physiological functions within the body and in the retina. Melatonin synthesis in the retina primarily occurs during the night and its levels are low during the day. Retinal melatonin is primarily synthesized by the photoreceptors, but whether the synthesis occurs in the rods and/or cones is still unclear. Melatonin exerts its influence by binding to G protein-coupled receptors named melatonin receptor type 1 (MT1) and type 2 (MT2). MT1 and MT2 receptors activate a wide variety of signaling pathways and both receptors are present in the vertebrate photoreceptors where they may form MT1/MT2 heteromers (MT1/2h). Studies in rodents have shown that melatonin signaling plays an important role in the regulation of retinal dopamine levels, rod/cone coupling as well as the photopic and scotopic electroretinogram. In addition, melatonin may play an important role in protecting photoreceptors from oxidative stress and can protect photoreceptors from apoptosis. Critically, melatonin signaling is involved in the modulation of photoreceptor viability during aging and other studies have implicated melatonin in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. Hence melatonin may represent a useful tool in the fight to protect photoreceptors-and other retinal cells-against degeneration due to aging or diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Paule Felder-Schmittbuhl
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (UPR 3212), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - David Hicks
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (UPR 3212), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christophe P Ribelayga
- Department of Vision Sciences, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gianluca Tosini
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Zhang T, Kim BM, Lee TH. Death-associated protein kinase 1 as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:4. [PMID: 38195518 PMCID: PMC10775678 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia in the elderly and represents a major clinical challenge in the ageing society. Neuropathological hallmarks of AD include neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau, senile plaques derived from the deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, brain atrophy induced by neuronal loss, and synaptic dysfunctions. Death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) is ubiquitously expressed in the central nervous system. Dysregulation of DAPK1 has been shown to contribute to various neurological diseases including AD, ischemic stroke and Parkinson's disease (PD). We have established an upstream effect of DAPK1 on Aβ and tau pathologies and neuronal apoptosis through kinase-mediated protein phosphorylation, supporting a causal role of DAPK1 in the pathophysiology of AD. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about how DAPK1 is involved in various AD pathological changes including tau hyperphosphorylation, Aβ deposition, neuronal cell death and synaptic degeneration. The underlying molecular mechanisms of DAPK1 dysregulation in AD are discussed. We also review the recent progress regarding the development of novel DAPK1 modulators and their potential applications in AD intervention. These findings substantiate DAPK1 as a novel therapeutic target for the development of multifunctional disease-modifying treatments for AD and other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Byeong Mo Kim
- Research Center for New Drug Development, AgingTarget Inc., 10F Ace Cheonggye Tower, 53, Seonggogae-Ro, Uiwang-Si, 16006, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea.
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.
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Boutin JA, Liberelle M, Yous S, Ferry G, Nepveu F. Melatonin facts: Lack of evidence that melatonin is a radical scavenger in living systems. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12926. [PMID: 38146602 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a small natural compound, so called a neuro-hormone that is synthesized mainly in pineal gland in animals. Its main role is to master the clock of the body, under the surveillance of light. In other words, it transfers the information concerning night and day to the peripheral organs which, without it, could not "know" which part of the circadian rhythm the body is in. Besides its main circadian and circannual rhythms mastering, melatonin is reported to be a radical scavenger and/or an antioxidant. Because radical scavengers are chemical species able to neutralize highly reactive and toxic species such as reactive oxygen species, one would like to transfer this property to living system, despite impossibilities already largely reported in the literature. In the present commentary, we refresh the memory of the readers with this notion of radical scavenger, and review the possible evidence that melatonin could be an in vivo radical scavenger, while we only marginally discuss here the fact that melatonin is a molecular antioxidant, a feature that merits a review on its own. We conclude four things: (i) the evidence that melatonin is a scavenger in acellular systems is overwhelming and could not be doubted; (ii) the transposition of this property in living (animal) systems is (a) theoretically impossible and (b) not proven in any system reported in the literature where most of the time, the delay of the action of melatonin is over several hours, thus signing a probable induction of cellular enzymatic antioxidant defenses; (iii) this last fact needs a confirmation through the discovery of a nuclear factor-a key relay in induction processes-that binds melatonin and is activated by it and (iv) we also gather the very important description of the radical scavenging capacity of melatonin in acellular systems that is now proven and shared by many other double bond-bearing molecules. We finally discussed briefly on the reason-scientific or else-that led this description, and the consequences of this claim, in research, in physiology, in pathology, but most disturbingly in therapeutics where a vast amount of money, hope, and patient bien-être are at stake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean A Boutin
- Laboratory of Regulatory Peptides, Energy Metabolism and Motivated Behavior, Department of Neuroendocrine, Endocrine and Germinal Differentiation and Communication (NorDiC), Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm, NorDiC, Rouen, France
| | - Maxime Liberelle
- University of Lille, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition Research Center, U1172, Lille, France
| | - Saïd Yous
- University of Lille, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition Research Center, U1172, Lille, France
| | | | - Françoise Nepveu
- Dpt Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Faculté de santé, PHARMADEV, UMR 152, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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Faria VS, Messias LHD, Pejon TMM, Beck WR. Influence of Acute Melatonin Administration on Human Physical Performance: A Systematic Review. Sports Health 2024; 16:70-78. [PMID: 36872593 PMCID: PMC10732111 DOI: 10.1177/19417381231155142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Melatonin is an ancient molecule with a wide range of functions in mammals, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypothermic effects among others. However, the influence of acute melatonin administration on human physical performance is debatable. OBJECTIVE To summarize available data from controlled trials about the effects of acute melatonin administration on human physical performance, especially with respect to strength, power, speed, and short- and long-term continuous exercise. DATA SOURCES A systematic search of the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane databases up to December 10, 2021, was conducted using specified keywords and Boolean operators ("melatonin" AND "exercise OR circuit-based exercise OR plyometric exercise OR exercise tolerance OR exercise test"). STUDY SELECTION Only controlled studies in the English language and with humans were accepted. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 1. DATA EXTRACTION Participants' characteristics (sex, age, body mass, height and fat percentage), melatonin dose and administration time, and outcomes from the performance trial were extracted. RESULTS A total of 10 studies were identified after the screening process. Overall, melatonin did not change speed or short-term continuous exercise performances. However, in relation to strength and power, the results are debatable since 5 articles showed no difference, while another 2 pointed to a decrease in performance. In terms of performance improvement, only 1 study reported an increase in balance and another in long-term continuous exercise performance in nonathletes, with no advantage found for athletes. CONCLUSION Melatonin did not cause any significant change in strength, speed, power, and short-term continuous exercise performances. In fact, it led to reduced strength and power performances in specific tests. On the other hand, melatonin seems to have improved balance and long-term continuous exercise performance, at least in nonathletes. More investigations are required to corroborate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Silva Faria
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Physical Exercise, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Henrique Dalcheco Messias
- Research Group on Technology Applied to Exercise Physiology - GTAFE, Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | - Taciane Maria Melges Pejon
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Physical Exercise, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Wladimir Rafael Beck
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Physical Exercise, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Verma AK, Khan MI, Ashfaq F, Rizvi SI. Crosstalk Between Aging, Circadian Rhythm, and Melatonin. Rejuvenation Res 2023; 26:229-241. [PMID: 37847148 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2023.0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms (CRs) are 24-hour periodic oscillations governed by an endogenous circadian pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which organizes the physiology and behavior of organisms. Circadian rhythm disruption (CRD) is also indicative of the aging process. In mammals, melatonin is primarily synthesized in the pineal gland and participates in a variety of multifaceted intracellular signaling networks and has been shown to synchronize CRs. Endogenous melatonin synthesis and its release tend to decrease progressively with advancing age. Older individuals experience frequent CR disruption, which hastens the process of aging. A profound understanding of the relationship between CRs and aging has the potential to improve existing treatments and facilitate development of novel chronotherapies that target age-related disorders. This review article aims to examine the circadian regulatory mechanisms in which melatonin plays a key role in signaling. We describe the basic architecture of the molecular circadian clock and its functional decline with age in detail. Furthermore, we discuss the role of melatonin in regulation of the circadian pacemaker and redox homeostasis during aging. Moreover, we also discuss the protective effect of exogenous melatonin supplementation in age-dependent CR disruption, which sheds light on this pleiotropic molecule and how it can be used as an effective chronotherapeutic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Idreesh Khan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences in Ar Rass, Qassim University, Ar Rass, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fauzia Ashfaq
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Applied Medical Sciences College, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Boutin JA, Kennaway DJ, Jockers R. Melatonin: Facts, Extrapolations and Clinical Trials. Biomolecules 2023; 13:943. [PMID: 37371523 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a fascinating molecule that has captured the imagination of many scientists since its discovery in 1958. In recent times, the focus has changed from investigating its natural role as a transducer of biological time for physiological systems to hypothesized roles in virtually all clinical conditions. This goes along with the appearance of extensive literature claiming the (generally) positive benefits of high doses of melatonin in animal models and various clinical situations that would not be receptor-mediated. Based on the assumption that melatonin is safe, high doses have been administered to patients, including the elderly and children, in clinical trials. In this review, we critically review the corresponding literature, including the hypotheses that melatonin acts as a scavenger molecule, in particular in mitochondria, by trying not only to contextualize these interests but also by attempting to separate the wheat from the chaff (or the wishful thinking from the facts). We conclude that most claims remain hypotheses and that the experimental evidence used to promote them is limited and sometimes flawed. Our review will hopefully encourage clinical researchers to reflect on what melatonin can and cannot do and help move the field forward on a solid basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Boutin
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, University of Normandy, INSERM U1239, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - D J Kennaway
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide Health and Medical Science Building, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - R Jockers
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CNRS, 75014 Paris, France
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Yin J, Xu J, Ren TL. Recent Progress in Long-Term Sleep Monitoring Technology. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:395. [PMID: 36979607 PMCID: PMC10046225 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is an essential physiological activity, accounting for about one-third of our lives, which significantly impacts our memory, mood, health, and children's growth. Especially after the COVID-19 epidemic, sleep health issues have attracted more attention. In recent years, with the development of wearable electronic devices, there have been more and more studies, products, or solutions related to sleep monitoring. Many mature technologies, such as polysomnography, have been applied to clinical practice. However, it is urgent to develop wearable or non-contacting electronic devices suitable for household continuous sleep monitoring. This paper first introduces the basic knowledge of sleep and the significance of sleep monitoring. Then, according to the types of physiological signals monitored, this paper describes the research progress of bioelectrical signals, biomechanical signals, and biochemical signals used for sleep monitoring. However, it is not ideal to monitor the sleep quality for the whole night based on only one signal. Therefore, this paper reviews the research on multi-signal monitoring and introduces systematic sleep monitoring schemes. Finally, a conclusion and discussion of sleep monitoring are presented to propose potential future directions and prospects for sleep monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaju Yin
- School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiandong Xu
- School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tian-Ling Ren
- School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Reiter RJ, Sharma R, Cucielo MS, Tan DX, Rosales-Corral S, Gancitano G, de Almeida Chuffa LG. Brain washing and neural health: role of age, sleep, and the cerebrospinal fluid melatonin rhythm. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:88. [PMID: 36917314 PMCID: PMC11072793 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04736-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
The brain lacks a classic lymphatic drainage system. How it is cleansed of damaged proteins, cellular debris, and molecular by-products has remained a mystery for decades. Recent discoveries have identified a hybrid system that includes cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled perivascular spaces and classic lymph vessels in the dural covering of the brain and spinal cord that functionally cooperate to remove toxic and non-functional trash from the brain. These two components functioning together are referred to as the glymphatic system. We propose that the high levels of melatonin secreted by the pineal gland directly into the CSF play a role in flushing pathological molecules such as amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) from the brain via this network. Melatonin is a sleep-promoting agent, with waste clearance from the CNS being highest especially during slow wave sleep. Melatonin is also a potent and versatile antioxidant that prevents neural accumulation of oxidatively-damaged molecules which contribute to neurological decline. Due to its feedback actions on the suprachiasmatic nucleus, CSF melatonin rhythm functions to maintain optimal circadian rhythmicity, which is also critical for preserving neurocognitive health. Melatonin levels drop dramatically in the frail aged, potentially contributing to neurological failure and dementia. Melatonin supplementation in animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) defers Aβ accumulation, enhances its clearance from the CNS, and prolongs animal survival. In AD patients, preliminary data show that melatonin use reduces neurobehavioral signs such as sundowning. Finally, melatonin controls the mitotic activity of neural stem cells in the subventricular zone, suggesting its involvement in neuronal renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
| | - Ramaswamy Sharma
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
| | - Maira Smaniotto Cucielo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology-IBB/UNESP, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-689, Brazil
| | | | - Sergio Rosales-Corral
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Giuseppe Gancitano
- 1st "Tuscania" Paratrooper Regiment, Italian Ministry of Defense, 57127, Leghorn, Italy
| | - Luiz Gustavo de Almeida Chuffa
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology-IBB/UNESP, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-689, Brazil
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Cruz-Sanabria F, Carmassi C, Bruno S, Bazzani A, Carli M, Scarselli M, Faraguna U. Melatonin as a Chronobiotic with Sleep-promoting Properties. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:951-987. [PMID: 35176989 PMCID: PMC10227911 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220217152617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of exogenous melatonin (exo-MEL) as a sleep-promoting drug has been under extensive debate due to the lack of consistency of its described effects. In this study, we conduct a systematic and comprehensive review of the literature on the chronobiotic, sleep-inducing, and overall sleep-promoting properties of exo-MEL. To this aim, we first describe the possible pharmacological mechanisms involved in the sleep-promoting properties and then report the corresponding effects of exo-MEL administration on clinical outcomes in: a) healthy subjects, b) circadian rhythm sleep disorders, c) primary insomnia. Timing of administration and doses of exo-MEL received particular attention in this work. The exo-MEL pharmacological effects are hereby interpreted in view of changes in the physiological properties and rhythmicity of endogenous melatonin. Finally, we discuss some translational implications for the personalized use of exo-MEL in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francy Cruz-Sanabria
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa - Italy
| | - Claudia Carmassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa - Italy
| | - Simone Bruno
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa - Italy
| | - Andrea Bazzani
- Institute of Management, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa – Italy
| | - Marco Carli
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa - Italy
| | - Marco Scarselli
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa - Italy
| | - Ugo Faraguna
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa - Italy
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Glacet R, Reynaud E, Robin-Choteau L, Reix N, Hugueny L, Ruppert E, Geoffroy PA, Kilic-Huck Ü, Comtet H, Bourgin P. A comparison of four methods to estimate dim light melatonin onset: a repeatability and agreement study. Chronobiol Int 2022; 40:123-131. [PMID: 36519316 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2150554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) is considered the most reliable circadian phase marker in humans. However, the methods to calculate it are diverse, which limits the comparability between studies. Given the key role of DLMO to diagnose circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders and determine the optimal timing of chronotherapies, the establishment of clear and validated guidelines on the methodology to assess DLMO is very important. We performed a repeatability study (n = 31) and an agreement study (n = 62) in healthy young adults with hourly blood samples collected under dim light conditions (<8 lux) during a chronobiological protocol. We assessed the repeatability of DLMO with three different methods (fixed threshold, dynamic threshold and hockey stick) across two nights and assessed agreement of each method with the mean visual estimation made by four chronobiologists. Analyses included Bland-Altman diagrams, intraclass correlation coefficients and equivalence tests. The repeatability of the four methods across two nights ranged from good to perfect. The agreement study highlighted that the hockey stick showed equivalent or superior performance (ICC: 0.95, mean difference with visual estimation: 5 min) in healthy subjects compared to the dynamic and fixed thresholds. Thanks to its objective nature, the hockey stick method may provide better estimates than the mean of the visual estimations of several raters. These findings suggest that the hockey stick method provides the most reliable estimate of DLMO within the tested methods and should be considered for use in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaëlle Glacet
- CNRS UPR 3212, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Eve Reynaud
- CNRS UPR 3212, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ludivine Robin-Choteau
- CNRS UPR 3212, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,CIRCSom (International Research Center for ChronoSomnology) & Sleep Disorder Center, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France.,CEED (European Center for Diabetes Studies), Strasbourg, France
| | - Nathalie Reix
- ICube UMR 7357, University of Strasbourg/CNRS, Federation of Medicine of Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France.,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Surgery Unit, Institute of Cancerology, Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurence Hugueny
- CNRS UPR 3212, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,CIRCSom (International Research Center for ChronoSomnology) & Sleep Disorder Center, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elisabeth Ruppert
- CNRS UPR 3212, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,CIRCSom (International Research Center for ChronoSomnology) & Sleep Disorder Center, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre A Geoffroy
- CNRS UPR 3212, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,CIRCSom (International Research Center for ChronoSomnology) & Sleep Disorder Center, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France.,Département de psychiatrie et d'addictologie, AP-HP, GHU Paris Nord, DMU Neurosciences, Hopital Bichat - Claude Bernard, Paris, France.,GHU Paris - Psychiatry & Neurosciences, Paris, France.,Neuro Diderot, Inserm, FHU I2-D2, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ülker Kilic-Huck
- CNRS UPR 3212, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,CIRCSom (International Research Center for ChronoSomnology) & Sleep Disorder Center, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Henri Comtet
- CNRS UPR 3212, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,CIRCSom (International Research Center for ChronoSomnology) & Sleep Disorder Center, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrice Bourgin
- CNRS UPR 3212, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,CIRCSom (International Research Center for ChronoSomnology) & Sleep Disorder Center, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
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12
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Faria VS, Manchado-Gobatto FB, Scariot PPM, Zagatto AM, Beck WR. Melatonin Potentiates Exercise-Induced Increases in Skeletal Muscle PGC-1 α and Optimizes Glycogen Replenishment. Front Physiol 2022; 13:803126. [PMID: 35557975 PMCID: PMC9087193 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.803126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence has demonstrated the effect of melatonin on exhaustive exercise tolerance and its modulatory role in muscle energy substrates at the end of exercise. In line with this, PGC-1α and NRF-1 also seem to act on physical exercise tolerance and metabolic recovery after exercise. However, the literature still lacks reports on these proteins after exercise until exhaustion for animals treated with melatonin. Thus, the aim of the current study was to determine the effects of acute melatonin administration on muscle PGC-1α and NRF-1, and its modulatory role in glycogen and triglyceride contents in rats subjected to exhaustive swimming exercise at an intensity corresponding to the anaerobic lactacidemic threshold (iLAn). In a randomized controlled trial design, thirty-nine Wistar rats were allocated into four groups: control (CG = 10), rats treated with melatonin (MG = 9), rats submitted to exercise (EXG = 10), and rats treated with melatonin and submitted to exercise (MEXG = 10). Forty-eight hours after the graded exercise test, the animals received melatonin (10 mg/kg) or vehicles 30 min prior to time to exhaustion test in the iLAn (tlim). Three hours after tlim the animals were euthanized, followed by muscle collection for specific analyses: soleus muscles for immunofluorescence, gluteus maximus, red and white gastrocnemius for the assessment of glycogen and triglyceride contents, and liver for the measurement of glycogen content. Student t-test for independent samples, two-way ANOVA, and Newman keuls post hoc test were used. MEXG swam 120.3% more than animals treated with vehicle (EXG; p < 0.01). PGC-1α and NRF-1 were higher in MEXG with respect to the CG (p < 0.05); however, only PGC-1α was higher for MEXG when compared to EXG. Melatonin reduced the triglyceride content in gluteus maximus, red and white gastrocnemius (F = 6.66, F = 4.51, and F = 6.02, p < 0.05). The glycogen content in red gastrocnemius was higher in MEXG than in CG (p = 0.01), but not in EXG (p > 0.05). In conclusion, melatonin was found to enhance exercise tolerance, potentiate exercise-mediated increases in PGC-1α, decrease muscle triglyceride content and increase muscle glycogen 3 h after exhaustive exercise, rapidly providing a better cellular metabolic environment for future efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Silva Faria
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Physical Exercise, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Paulo Menezes Scariot
- Laboratory of Applied Sport Physiology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Moura Zagatto
- Laboratory of Physiology and Sports Performance, Department of Physical Education, School of Science-Bauru Campus, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Wladimir Rafael Beck
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Physical Exercise, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
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13
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Melatonin in ventricular and subarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid: Its function in the neural glymphatic network and biological significance for neurocognitive health. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 605:70-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Wirz-Justice A, Terman AM. CME: Light Therapy: Why, What, for Whom, How, and When (And a Postscript about Darkness). PRAXIS 2022; 110:56-62. [PMID: 35105211 DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/a003821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Light therapy has become established as an evidence-based treatment for Seasonal Affective Disorder. Light impacts the timing and stability of circadian rhythms as expressed in sleep, mood, alertness, and cognition. Forty years of clinical trials and open treatment have led to guidelines for patient selection, using light alone or in combination with antidepressants (or lithium for bipolar depression). Mood and sleep disturbances can also respond to adjunct light therapy in a broader set of psychiatric, neurologic and medical illnesses. We specify criteria for choice of treatment devices: optimum dose (10,000 lux), spectrum (white light), exposure duration (30-60 minutes) and timing (early morning). Protocol adjustment requires continual monitoring with attention to rate of improvement and management of potential side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wirz-Justice
- Centre for Chronobiology, Transfaculty Research Platform, Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, Psychiatric Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - And Michael Terman
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Center for Environmental Therapeutics, New York, USA
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15
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Lim S, Park S, Koyanagi A, Yang JW, Jacob L, Yon DK, Lee SW, Kim MS, Il Shin J, Smith L. Effects of exogenous melatonin supplementation on health outcomes: An umbrella review of meta-analyses based on randomized controlled trials. Pharmacol Res 2022; 176:106052. [PMID: 34999224 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Various melatonin supplementations have been developed to improve health outcomes in various clinical conditions. Thus, we sought to evaluate and summarize the effect of melatonin treatments in clinical settings for health outcomes. We searched PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library from inception to 4 February 2021. We included meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials investigating the melatonin intervention for any health outcome. Based on the different effect sizes of each meta-analysis, we calculated random models' standardized mean differences or risk ratios. We observed robust evidence supported by statistical significance with non-considerable heterogeneity between studies for sleep-related problems, cancer, surgical patients, and pregnant women. Patients with sleep disorder, sleep onset latency (SMD 0.33, 95% CI: 0.10 - 0.56, P < 0.01) were significantly improved whereas no clear evidence was shown with sleep efficiency (1.10, 95% CI: -0.26 to 2.45). The first analgesic requirement time (SMD 5.81, 95% CI: 2.57-9.05, P < 0.001) of surgical patients was distinctly improved. Female patients under artificial reproductive technologies had significant increase in the top-quality embryos (SMD 0.53, 95% CI: 0.27 - 0.79, P < 0.001), but no statistically clear evidence was found in the live birth rate (SMD 1.20, 95% CI: 0.83 - 1.72). Survival at one year (RR 1.90, 95% CI: 1.28 - 2.83, P < 0.005) significantly increased with cancer patients. Research on melatonin interventions to treat clinical symptoms and sleep problems among diverse health conditions was identified and provided considerable evidence. Future well-designed randomized clinical trials of high quality and subgroup quantitative analyses are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojin Lim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyeon Park
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain; Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona 08830, Spain
| | - Jae Won Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Louis Jacob
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona 08830, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Won Lee
- Department of Data Science, Sejong University College of Software Convergence, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seo Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Lee Smith
- Cambridge Centre for Health, Performance, and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
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16
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Kim J, Chung E. Pharmacotherapeutic options in the treatment of nocturia: update on current oral drug therapies. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 23:405-411. [PMID: 34913416 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.2016698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nocturia is a common urinary complaint among patients presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms and in recent years, there is a greater emphasis to tailor the treatment for nocturia in a more holistic and multidisciplinary manner given the potential multifactorial causes for nocturia. AREAS COVERED Current oral drug therapies can be classified into three main groups, namely, decreasing polyuria, targeting bladder capacity, and improving sleep-wake and circadian rhythm. The authors focus this article on these oral therapies and provide their expert opinion. EXPERT OPINION Treatment strategies should always involve lifestyle changes and behavioral modifications, with the targeted treatment of underlying medical conditions that may cause nocturia. Desmopressin remains the only drug approved specifically for the treatment of nocturia. Medications targeting the bladder and prostate can have secondary benefits in minimizing nocturnal frequency and urgency especially if the drug is taken at nighttime. Treatment of an underlying sleep disorder or circadian disorder can often help to increase total sleep time and quality, and perhaps reducing the nocturnal diuresis and nocturia episodes. Future studies in nocturia should improve the identification and diagnosis of underlying mechanisms that lead to nocturia, so treatment can become more streamlined, while at the same time, explore the role of various pharmacotherapeutic agents and novel therapy to reduce or eliminate nocturia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Kim
- University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Eric Chung
- University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.,AndroUrology Centre, Brisbane, Australia.,AndroUrology Centre, Sydney, Australia.,Macquarie University Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Trebucq LL, Cardama GA, Lorenzano Menna P, Golombek DA, Chiesa JJ, Marpegan L. Timing of Novel Drug 1A-116 to Circadian Rhythms Improves Therapeutic Effects against Glioblastoma. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1091. [PMID: 34371781 PMCID: PMC8309043 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ras homologous family of small guanosine triphosphate-binding enzymes (GTPases) is critical for cell migration and proliferation. The novel drug 1A-116 blocks the interaction site of the Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1) GTPase with some of its guanine exchange factors (GEFs), such as T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 1 (TIAM1), inhibiting cell motility and proliferation. Knowledge of circadian regulation of targets can improve chemotherapy in glioblastoma. Thus, circadian regulation in the efficacy of 1A-116 was studied in LN229 human glioblastoma cells and tumor-bearing nude mice. METHODS Wild-type LN229 and BMAL1-deficient (i.e., lacking a functional circadian clock) LN229E1 cells were assessed for rhythms in TIAM1, BMAL1, and period circadian protein homolog 1 (PER1), as well as Tiam1, Bmal1, and Rac1 mRNA levels. The effects of 1A-116 on proliferation, apoptosis, and migration were then assessed upon applying the drug at different circadian times. Finally, 1A-116 was administered to tumor-bearing mice at two different circadian times. RESULTS In LN229 cells, circadian oscillations were found for BMAL1, PER1, and TIAM1 (mRNA and protein), and for the effects of 1A-116 on proliferation, apoptosis, and migration, which were abolished in LN229E1 cells. Increased survival time was observed in tumor-bearing mice when treated with 1A-116 at the end of the light period (zeitgeber time 12, ZT12) compared either to animals treated at the beginning (ZT3) or with vehicle. CONCLUSIONS These results unveil the circadian modulation in the efficacy of 1A-116, likely through RAC1 pathway rhythmicity, suggesting that a chronopharmacological approach is a feasible strategy to improve glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lucía Trebucq
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes-CONICET, Bernal 1876, Buenos Aires, Argentina; (L.L.T.); (D.A.G.)
| | - Georgina Alexandra Cardama
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes-CONICET, Bernal 1876, Buenos Aires, Argentina; (G.A.C.); (P.L.M.)
| | - Pablo Lorenzano Menna
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes-CONICET, Bernal 1876, Buenos Aires, Argentina; (G.A.C.); (P.L.M.)
| | - Diego Andrés Golombek
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes-CONICET, Bernal 1876, Buenos Aires, Argentina; (L.L.T.); (D.A.G.)
| | - Juan José Chiesa
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes-CONICET, Bernal 1876, Buenos Aires, Argentina; (L.L.T.); (D.A.G.)
| | - Luciano Marpegan
- Departamento de Física Médica, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Bariloche 8400, Río Negro, Argentina
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