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Jain VK, Jain K, Popli H. Conjugates of amphotericin B to resolve challenges associated with its delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024; 21:187-210. [PMID: 38243810 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2308073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amphotericin B (AmB), a promising antifungal and antileishmanial drug, acts on the membrane of microorganisms. The clinical use of AmB is limited due to issues associated with its delivery including poor solubility and bioavailability, instability in acidic media, poor intestinal permeability, dose and aggregation state dependent toxicity, parenteral administration, and requirement of cold chain for transport and storage, etc. AREAS COVERED Scientists have formulated and explored various covalent conjugates of AmB to reduce its toxicity with increase in solubility, oral bioavailability, and payload or loading of AmB by using various polymers, lipids, carbon-based nanocarriers, metallic nanoparticles, and vesicular carriers, etc. In this article, we have reviewed various conjugates of AmB with polymers and nanomaterials explored for its delivery to give a deep insight regarding further exploration in future. EXPERT OPINION Covalent conjugates of AmB have been investigated by scientists, and preliminary in vitro and animal investigations have given successful results, which are required to be validated further with systematic investigation on safety and therapeutic efficacy in animals followed by clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, India
| | - Keerti Jain
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Raebareli, Lucknow, India
| | - Harvinder Popli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, India
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Bayles CE, Hale DE, Konieczny A, Anderson VD, Richardson CR, Brown KV, Nguyen JT, Hecht J, Schwartz N, Kharel MK, Amissah F, Dowling TC, Nybo SE. Upcycling the anthracyclines: New mechanisms of action, toxicology, and pharmacology. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 459:116362. [PMID: 36592899 PMCID: PMC9840691 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The anthracyclines are a family of natural products isolated from soil bacteria with over 2000 chemical representatives. Since their discovery seventy years ago by Waksman and co-workers, anthracyclines have become one of the best-characterized anticancer chemotherapies in clinical use. The anthracyclines exhibit broad-spectrum antineoplastic activity for the treatment of a variety of solid and liquid tumors, however, their clinical use is limited by their dose-limiting cardiotoxicity. In this review article, we discuss the toxicity of the anthracyclines on several organ systems, including new insights into doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. In addition, we discuss new medicinal chemistry developments in the biosynthesis of new anthracycline analogs and the synthesis of new anthracycline analogs with diminished cardiotoxicity. Lastly, we review new studies that describe the repurposing of the anthracyclines, or "upcycling" of the anthracyclines, as anti-infective agents, or drugs for niche indications. Altogether, the anthracyclines remain a mainstay in the clinic with a potential new "lease on life" due to deeper insight into the mechanism underlying their cardiotoxicity and new developments into potential new clinical indications for their use. Keywords: Anthracycline, chemotherapy, toxicology, medicinal chemistry, biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine E Bayles
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Danielle E Hale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Ali Konieczny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Veronica D Anderson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Claire R Richardson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Katelyn V Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer T Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Jacob Hecht
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Nora Schwartz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Madan K Kharel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, USA
| | - Felix Amissah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Thomas C Dowling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, MI, USA
| | - S Eric Nybo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, MI, USA.
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