1
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Salari M, Etemadifar M, Rashedi R, Mardani S. A Review of Ocular Movement Abnormalities in Hereditary Cerebellar Ataxias. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 23:702-721. [PMID: 37000369 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-023-01554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Cerebellar ataxias are a wide heterogeneous group of disorders that may present with fine motor deficits as well as gait and balance disturbances that have a significant influence on everyday activities. To review the ocular movements in cerebellar ataxias in order to improve the clinical knowledge of cerebellar ataxias and related subtypes. English papers published from January 1990 to May 2022 were selected by searching PubMed services. The main search keywords were ocular motor, oculomotor, eye movement, eye motility, and ocular motility, along with each ataxia subtype. The eligible papers were analyzed for clinical presentation, involved mutations, the underlying pathology, and ocular movement alterations. Forty-three subtypes of spinocerebellar ataxias and a number of autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive ataxias were discussed in terms of pathology, clinical manifestations, involved mutations, and with a focus on the ocular abnormalities. A flowchart has been made using ocular movement manifestations to differentiate different ataxia subtypes. And underlying pathology of each subtype is reviewed in form of illustrated models to reach a better understanding of each disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Salari
- Neurology Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Etemadifar
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ronak Rashedi
- Neurology Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sayna Mardani
- Neurology Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Mao C, Li X, Su Y, Luo H, Fan L, Zheng H, Fan Y, Yang Z, Zhang S, Hu Z, Hao X, Shi C, Xu Y. Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 10 with Atypical Clinical Manifestation in Han Chinese. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 22:355-362. [PMID: 35441258 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01405-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 (SCA10) is an autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia accompanied by extracerebellar signs and other neurological disorders. It is caused by an expansion of the ATTCT pentanucleotide repeat in intron 9 of ATXN10. Cases of SCA10, formerly confined to America, have been reported in Europe and Asia. In the present study, we aim to report an atypical SCA10 family in China and provide a reference for the diagnosis of SCA10 in Asia by comparing their clinical and genetic features with former SCA10 pedigrees. Genomic DNA was extracted from patients and subjected to RP-PCR (repeat-primed PCR), Southern blotting, and haplotype analysis to determine the genetic pathogenesis. Patients with SCA10 in this pedigree demonstrated atypical SCA10 manifestations, including the absence of seizures and ocular abnormalities. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed cerebellar atrophy in five patients with available data. RP-PCR and Southern blotting revealed abnormal expansion. Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) surrounding the SCA10 locus in the proband and other affected family members revealed the "C-expansion-G-G-C" haplotype, consistent with former studies. These findings imply that the SCA10 mutation may have occurred before the Amerindian migration from East Asia to North America. It also suggested that SCA10 should be taken into account during differential diagnosis in patients of Asian ancestry, even if they do not present with typical features such as epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Mao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yun Su
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liyuan Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huimin Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhengwei Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Hao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Changhe Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China. .,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China. .,Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China. .,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China. .,Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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3
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Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxias type 3 (SCA3) and type 10 (SCA10) are the most prevalent in southern Brazil. To analyze the relationships between volumetric MRI changes and clinical and genetic findings in SCA3 and SCA10 patients. All patients in the study had a confirmed genetic diagnosis. Demographic data, ataxia severity (SARA score), and the size of the expanded alleles were evaluated. Nineteen SCA3 and 18 SCA10 patients were selected and compared with a similar number of healthy controls. Patient and control groups underwent the same MRI protocol. The standard FreeSurfer pipeline was used for the morphometric data. Our results show more affected brain structures (volume reductions) in SCA3 patients than in SCA10 patients (15 vs. 5 structures). Volume reductions in brain structures were also greater in the former. The main areas with significant volumetric reductions in the former were the cerebellum, basal ganglia, brain stem, and diencephalon, whereas in the latter, significant volume reductions were observed in the cerebellum and pallidum. While SARA scores and disease duration were more correlated with volume reduction in SCA10, in SCA3, the expansion length (CAGn) correlated positively with cerebellar WM, thalamus, brain stem, and total GM volumes. There was no correlation between expansion length (ATTCTn) and neuroimaging findings in SCA10. Neuroimaging results differed significantly between SCA3 and SCA10 patients and were compatible with the differences in clinical presentation, disease progression, and molecular findings.
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4
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Clinical and Genetic Evaluation of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 10 in 16 Brazilian Families. THE CEREBELLUM 2020; 18:849-854. [PMID: 31377949 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-019-01064-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 (SCA10) is an autosomal dominant disorder in which patients have a slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia, with dysarthria, dysphagia, and epilepsy. The aims of this study were to characterize the phenotypic expression of SCA10 and to examine its genotype-phenotype relationships. Ninety-one Brazilian patients with SCA10 from 16 families were selected. Clinical and epidemiological data were assessed by a standardized protocol, and severity of disease was measured by the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA). The mean age of onset of symptoms was 34.8 ± 9.4 years. Sixty-two (68.2%) patients presented exclusively with pure cerebellar ataxia. Only 6 (6.6%) of the patients presented with epilepsy. Patients with epilepsy had a mean age of onset of symptoms lower than that of patients without epilepsy (23.5 ± 15.5 years vs 35.4 ± 8.7 years, p = 0.021, respectively). All cases of intention tremor were in women from one family. This family also had the lowest mean age of onset of symptoms, and a higher percentage of SCA10 cases in women. There was a positive correlation between duration of disease and severity of ataxia (rho = 0.272, p = 0.016), as quantified by SARA. We did not find a statistically significant correlation between age of onset of symptoms and expansion size (r = - 0.163, p = 0.185). The most common clinical presentation of SCA10 was pure cerebellar ataxia. Our data suggest that patients with epilepsy may have a lower age of onset of symptoms than those who do not have epilepsy. These findings and the description of a family with intention tremor in women with earlier onset of symptoms draw further attention to the phenotypic variability of SCA10.
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5
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Moro A, Munhoz RP, Camargo CH, Moscovich M, Farah M, Teive HAG. Is fatigue an important finding in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 (SCA10)? J Clin Neurosci 2019; 71:150-152. [PMID: 31540857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.08.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 (SCA10) is a rare dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cerebellar ataxia, dysarthria, ocular dysmetria, and seizures in some populations. Fatigue has been described in SCA1, SCA3, but has not been objectively investigated in SCA10. Our aim is to investigate the presence and related causal factors of fatigue among SCA10 patients. Twenty-eight patients with SCA10 and matched healthy controls were included and assessed using the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA), Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS), Beck Inventory Depression (BDI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Fatigue was evidenced in 32% of SCA10 versus 3.6% for the control group (p = 0.005). The following independent variables were not significant predictors for MFIS-BR: duration of disease, SARA and BSS. Age at onset of disease (r = -0.307, p = 0.021) and EDS (r = -0.347, p = 0.014) were mild to moderate predictors of fatigue. Similar to other SCAs, fatigue is common in SCA10 patients, suggesting a possible role of a common topographic degenerative pattern in its pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Moro
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Medicine, Pequeno Príncipe College, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Renato Puppi Munhoz
- Department of Medicine, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carlos Henrique Camargo
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Neurological Diseases Group, Graduate Program of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Moscovich
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Marina Farah
- Neurology Service, Cajurú University Hospital, Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Hélio A G Teive
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Neurological Diseases Group, Graduate Program of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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6
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Szpisjak L, Zadori D, Klivenyi P, Vecsei L. Clinical Characteristics and Possible Drug Targets in Autosomal Dominant Spinocerebellar Ataxias. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2019; 18:279-293. [DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666190311155846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background & Objective:
The autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) belong
to a large and expanding group of neurodegenerative disorders. SCAs comprise more than 40 subtypes
characterized by progressive ataxia as a common feature. The most prevalent diseases among SCAs
are caused by CAG repeat expansions in the coding-region of the causative gene resulting in polyglutamine
(polyQ) tract formation in the encoded protein. Unfortunately, there is no approved therapy to
treat cerebellar motor dysfunction in SCA patients. In recent years, several studies have been conducted
to recognize the clinical and pathophysiological aspects of the polyQ SCAs more accurately.
This scientific progress has provided new opportunities to develop promising gene therapies, including
RNA interference and antisense oligonucleotides.
Conclusion:
The aim of the current work is to give a brief summary of the clinical features of SCAs
and to review the cardinal points of pathomechanisms of the most common polyQ SCAs. In addition,
we review the last few year’s promising gene suppression therapies of the most frequent polyQ SCAs
in animal models, on the basis of which human trials may be initiated in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Szpisjak
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Denes Zadori
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Peter Klivenyi
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Vecsei
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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7
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Bampi GB, Bisso-Machado R, Hünemeier T, Gheno TC, Furtado GV, Veliz-Otani D, Cornejo-Olivas M, Mazzeti P, Bortolini MC, Jardim LB, Saraiva-Pereira ML. Haplotype Study in SCA10 Families Provides Further Evidence for a Common Ancestral Origin of the Mutation. Neuromolecular Med 2017; 19:501-509. [PMID: 28905220 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-017-8464-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 (SCA10) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia and epilepsy. The disease is caused by a pentanucleotide ATTCT expansion in intron 9 of the ATXN10 gene on chromosome 22q13.3. SCA10 has shown a geographical distribution throughout America with a likely degree of Amerindian ancestry from different countries so far. Currently available data suggest that SCA10 mutation might have spread out early during the peopling of the Americas. However, the ancestral origin of SCA10 mutation remains under speculation. Samples of SCA10 patients from two Latin American countries were analysed, being 16 families from Brazil (29 patients) and 21 families from Peru (27 patients) as well as 49 healthy individuals from Indigenous Quechua population and 51 healthy Brazilian individuals. Four polymorphic markers spanning a region of 5.2 cM harbouring the ATTCT expansion were used to define the haplotypes, which were genotyped by different approaches. Our data have shown that 19-CGGC-14 shared haplotype was found in 47% of Brazilian and in 63% of Peruvian families. Frequencies from both groups are not statistically different from Quechua controls (57%), but they are statistically different from Brazilian controls (12%) (p < 0.001). The most frequent expanded haplotype in Quechuas, 19-15-CGGC-14-10, is found in 50% of Brazilian and in 65% of Peruvian patients with SCA10. These findings bring valuable evidence that ATTCT expansion may have arisen in a Native American chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana B Bampi
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-903, Brazil.,Laboratory of Genetics Identification - Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rafael Bisso-Machado
- Centro Universitario de Tacuarembó, Universidad de la República, Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | - Tábita Hünemeier
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tailise C Gheno
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-903, Brazil.,Laboratory of Genetics Identification - Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gabriel V Furtado
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-903, Brazil.,Laboratory of Genetics Identification - Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diego Veliz-Otani
- Neurogenetics Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima, Peru
| | - Mario Cornejo-Olivas
- Neurogenetics Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima, Peru
| | - Pillar Mazzeti
- Neurogenetics Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Laura B Jardim
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-903, Brazil.,Laboratory of Genetics Identification - Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Saraiva-Pereira
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-903, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Genetics Identification - Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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8
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Naito H, Takahashi T, Kamada M, Morino H, Yoshino H, Hattori N, Maruyama H, Kawakami H, Matsumoto M. First report of a Japanese family with spinocerebellar ataxia type 10: The second report from Asia after a report from China. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177955. [PMID: 28542277 PMCID: PMC5438172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 (SCA10) is an autosomal-dominant cerebellar ataxia that is variably accompanied by epilepsy and other neurological disorders. It is caused by an expansion of the ATTCT pentanucleotide repeat in intron 9 of the ATXN10 gene. Until now, SCA10 was almost exclusively found in the American continents, while no cases had been identified in Japan. Here, we report the first case of an SCA10 family from Japan. The clinical manifestations in our cases were cerebellar ataxia accompanied by epilepsy, hyperreflexia and cognitive impairment. Although the primary pathology in SCA10 in humans is reportedly the loss of Purkinje cells, brain MRI revealed frontal lobe atrophy with white matter lesions. This pathology might be associated with cognitive dysfunction, indicating that the pathological process is not limited to the cerebellum. Examination of the SNPs surrounding the SCA10 locus in the proband showed the “C-expansion-G-G-C” haplotype, which is consistent with previously reported SCA10-positive individuals. This result was consistent with the findings that the SCA10 mutation may have occurred before the migration of Amerindians from East Asia to North America and the subsequent spread of their descendants throughout North and South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Naito
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Masaki Kamada
- Department of Neurological Intractable Disease Research, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morino
- Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroyo Yoshino
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Maruyama
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideshi Kawakami
- Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masayasu Matsumoto
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
- Japan Community Health care Organization, Hoshigaoka Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
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9
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Wang K, McFarland KN, Liu J, Zeng D, Landrian I, Xia G, Hao Y, Jin M, Mulligan CJ, Gu W, Ashizawa T. Spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 in Chinese Han. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2015; 1:e26. [PMID: 27066563 PMCID: PMC4809459 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 (SCA10; OMIM #603516) is an autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia with variably associated extracerebellar signs.(1,2) SCA10 is caused by an expanded noncoding pentanucleotide repeat in ATXN10, which normally ranges from 9 to 32 repeats(3,4); pathogenic alleles have as many as 4,500 repeats.(4) To date, SCA10 has been found exclusively on American continents. In this report, we describe a Chinese Han family with autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia caused by an SCA10 expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wang
- Department of Neurology (K.W., Y.H., M.J., W.G.), China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang, Beijing, China; and Department of Neurology and McKnight Brain Institute (K.N.M., J.L., D.Z., I.L., G.X., T.A.) and Department of Anthropology and Genetics Institute (C.J.M.), University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Karen N McFarland
- Department of Neurology (K.W., Y.H., M.J., W.G.), China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang, Beijing, China; and Department of Neurology and McKnight Brain Institute (K.N.M., J.L., D.Z., I.L., G.X., T.A.) and Department of Anthropology and Genetics Institute (C.J.M.), University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Jilin Liu
- Department of Neurology (K.W., Y.H., M.J., W.G.), China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang, Beijing, China; and Department of Neurology and McKnight Brain Institute (K.N.M., J.L., D.Z., I.L., G.X., T.A.) and Department of Anthropology and Genetics Institute (C.J.M.), University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Desmond Zeng
- Department of Neurology (K.W., Y.H., M.J., W.G.), China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang, Beijing, China; and Department of Neurology and McKnight Brain Institute (K.N.M., J.L., D.Z., I.L., G.X., T.A.) and Department of Anthropology and Genetics Institute (C.J.M.), University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Ivette Landrian
- Department of Neurology (K.W., Y.H., M.J., W.G.), China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang, Beijing, China; and Department of Neurology and McKnight Brain Institute (K.N.M., J.L., D.Z., I.L., G.X., T.A.) and Department of Anthropology and Genetics Institute (C.J.M.), University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Guangbin Xia
- Department of Neurology (K.W., Y.H., M.J., W.G.), China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang, Beijing, China; and Department of Neurology and McKnight Brain Institute (K.N.M., J.L., D.Z., I.L., G.X., T.A.) and Department of Anthropology and Genetics Institute (C.J.M.), University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Ying Hao
- Department of Neurology (K.W., Y.H., M.J., W.G.), China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang, Beijing, China; and Department of Neurology and McKnight Brain Institute (K.N.M., J.L., D.Z., I.L., G.X., T.A.) and Department of Anthropology and Genetics Institute (C.J.M.), University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Miao Jin
- Department of Neurology (K.W., Y.H., M.J., W.G.), China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang, Beijing, China; and Department of Neurology and McKnight Brain Institute (K.N.M., J.L., D.Z., I.L., G.X., T.A.) and Department of Anthropology and Genetics Institute (C.J.M.), University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Connie J Mulligan
- Department of Neurology (K.W., Y.H., M.J., W.G.), China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang, Beijing, China; and Department of Neurology and McKnight Brain Institute (K.N.M., J.L., D.Z., I.L., G.X., T.A.) and Department of Anthropology and Genetics Institute (C.J.M.), University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Weihong Gu
- Department of Neurology (K.W., Y.H., M.J., W.G.), China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang, Beijing, China; and Department of Neurology and McKnight Brain Institute (K.N.M., J.L., D.Z., I.L., G.X., T.A.) and Department of Anthropology and Genetics Institute (C.J.M.), University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Tetsuo Ashizawa
- Department of Neurology (K.W., Y.H., M.J., W.G.), China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang, Beijing, China; and Department of Neurology and McKnight Brain Institute (K.N.M., J.L., D.Z., I.L., G.X., T.A.) and Department of Anthropology and Genetics Institute (C.J.M.), University of Florida, Gainesville
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Hekman KE, Gomez CM. The autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxias: emerging mechanistic themes suggest pervasive Purkinje cell vulnerability. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2015; 86:554-61. [PMID: 25136055 PMCID: PMC6718294 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-308421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The spinocerebellar ataxias are a genetically heterogeneous group of disorders with clinically overlapping phenotypes arising from Purkinje cell degeneration, cerebellar atrophy and varying degrees of degeneration of other grey matter regions. For 22 of the 32 subtypes, a genetic cause has been identified. While recurring themes are emerging, there is no clear correlation between the clinical phenotype or penetrance, the type of genetic defect or the category of the disease mechanism, or the neuronal types involved beyond Purkinje cells. These phenomena suggest that cerebellar Purkinje cells may be a uniquely vulnerable neuronal cell type, more susceptible to a wider variety of genetic/cellular insults than most other neuron types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Hekman
- Department of Vascular Surgery, McGaw Medical Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Xia G, McFarland KN, Wang K, Sarkar PS, Yachnis AT, Ashizawa T. Purkinje cell loss is the major brain pathology of spinocerebellar ataxia type 10. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2013; 84:1409-11. [PMID: 23813740 PMCID: PMC3923576 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2013-305080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangbin Xia
- Department of Neurology and The McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, , Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Expansion of the Spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 (SCA10) repeat in a patient with Sioux Native American ancestry. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81342. [PMID: 24278426 PMCID: PMC3835687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 (SCA10), an autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia, is caused by the expansion of the non-coding ATTCT pentanucleotide repeat in the ATAXIN 10 gene. To date, all cases of SCA10 are restricted to patients with ancestral ties to Latin American countries. Here, we report on a SCA10 patient with Sioux Native American ancestry and no reported Hispanic or Latino heritage. Neurological exam findings revealed impaired gait with mild, age-consistent cerebellar atrophy and no evidence of epileptic seizures. The age at onset for this patient, at 83 years of age, is the latest documented for SCA10 patients and is suggestive of a reduced penetrance allele in his family. Southern blot analysis showed an SCA10 expanded allele of 1400 repeats. Established SNPs surrounding the SCA10 locus showed a disease haplotype consistent with the previously described “SCA10 haplotype”. This case suggests that the SCA10 expansion represents an early mutation event that possibly occurred during the initial peopling of the Americas.
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