1
|
The Assessment of Dietary Organic Zinc on Zinc Homeostasis, Antioxidant Capacity, Immune Response, Glycolysis and Intestinal Microbiota in White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone, 1931). Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081492. [PMID: 36009211 PMCID: PMC9405169 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess dietary organic zinc on zinc homeostasis, antioxidant capacity, immune response, glycolysis and intestinal microbiota in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone, 1931). Six experimental diets were formulated: Control, zinc free; S120, 120 mg·kg−1 zinc from ZnSO4·7H2O added into control diet; O30, O60, O90 and O120, 30, 60, 90 and 120 mg·kg−1 zinc from Zn-proteinate added into control diet, respectively. The results showed that organic zinc significantly promoted zinc content and gene expression of ZnT1, ZIP11 and MT in the hepatopancreas and enhanced antioxidant capacity and immunity (in terms of increased activities of T-SOD, Cu/Zn SOD, PO, LZM, decreased content of MDA, upregulated expressions of GST, G6PDH, ProPO, LZM and Hemo, and increased resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus). Organic zinc significantly upregulated GluT1 expression in the intestine, increased glucose content of plasma and GCK, PFK and PDH activities of hepatopancreas, and decreased pyruvate content of hepatopancreas. Organic zinc improved intestinal microbiota communities, increased the abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria and decreased the abundance of potential pathogens. Inorganic zinc (S120) also had positive effects, but organic zinc (as low as O60) could achieve better effects. Overall, organic zinc had a higher bioavailability and was a more beneficial zinc resource than inorganic zinc in shrimp feeds.
Collapse
|
2
|
Shamovsky I, Ripa L, Narjes F, Bonn B, Schiesser S, Terstiege I, Tyrchan C. Mechanism-Based Insights into Removing the Mutagenicity of Aromatic Amines by Small Structural Alterations. J Med Chem 2021; 64:8545-8563. [PMID: 34110134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic and heteroaromatic amines (ArNH2) are activated by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, primarily CYP1A2, into reactive N-arylhydroxylamines that can lead to covalent adducts with DNA nucleobases. Hereby, we give hands-on mechanism-based guidelines to design mutagenicity-free ArNH2. The mechanism of N-hydroxylation of ArNH2 by CYP1A2 is investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Two putative pathways are considered, the radicaloid route that goes via the classical ferryl-oxo oxidant and an alternative anionic pathway through Fenton-like oxidation by ferriheme-bound H2O2. Results suggest that bioactivation of ArNH2 follows the anionic pathway. We demonstrate that H-bonding and/or geometric fit of ArNH2 to CYP1A2 as well as feasibility of both proton abstraction by the ferriheme-peroxo base and heterolytic cleavage of arylhydroxylamines render molecules mutagenic. Mutagenicity of ArNH2 can be removed by structural alterations that disrupt geometric and/or electrostatic fit to CYP1A2, decrease the acidity of the NH2 group, destabilize arylnitrenium ions, or disrupt their pre-covalent transition states with guanine.
Collapse
|
3
|
Bakht MK, Lovnicki JM, Tubman J, Stringer KF, Chiaramonte J, Reynolds MR, Derecichei I, Ferraiuolo RM, Fifield BA, Lubanska D, Oh SW, Cheon GJ, Kwak C, Jeong CW, Kang KW, Trant JF, Morrissey C, Coleman IM, Wang Y, Ahmadzadehfar H, Dong X, Porter LA. Differential Expression of Glucose Transporters and Hexokinases in Prostate Cancer with a Neuroendocrine Gene Signature: A Mechanistic Perspective for 18F-FDG Imaging of PSMA-Suppressed Tumors. J Nucl Med 2019; 61:904-910. [PMID: 31806771 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.231068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the incidence of de novo neuroendocrine prostate cancer (PC) is rare, recent data suggest that low expression of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is associated with a spectrum of neuroendocrine hallmarks and androgen receptor (AR) suppression in PC. Previous clinical reports indicate that PCs with a phenotype similar to neuroendocrine tumors can be more amenable to imaging by 18F-FDG than by PSMA-targeting radioligands. In this study, we evaluated the association between neuroendocrine gene signature and 18F-FDG uptake-associated genes including glucose transporters (GLUTs) and hexokinases, with the goal of providing a genomic signature to explain the reported 18F-FDG avidity of PSMA-suppressed tumors. Methods: Data-mining approaches, cell lines, and patient-derived xenograft models were used to study the levels of 14 members of the SLC2A family (encoding GLUT proteins), 4 members of the hexokinase family (genes HK1-HK3 and GCK), and PSMA (FOLH1 gene) after AR inhibition and in correlation with neuroendocrine hallmarks. Also, we characterize a neuroendocrine-like PC (NELPC) subset among a cohort of primary and metastatic PC samples with no neuroendocrine histopathology. We measured glucose uptake in a neuroendocrine-induced in vitro model and a zebrafish model by nonradioactive imaging of glucose uptake using a fluorescent glucose bioprobe, GB2-Cy3. Results: This work demonstrated that a neuroendocrine gene signature associates with differential expression of genes encoding GLUT and hexokinase proteins. In NELPC, elevated expression of GCK (encoding glucokinase protein) and decreased expression of SLC2A12 correlated with earlier biochemical recurrence. In tumors treated with AR inhibitors, high expression of GCK and low expression of SLC2A12 correlated with neuroendocrine histopathology and PSMA gene suppression. GLUT12 suppression and upregulation of glucokinase were observed in neuroendocrine-induced PC cell lines and patient-derived xenograft models. A higher glucose uptake was confirmed in low-PSMA tumors using a GB2-Cy3 probe in a zebrafish model. Conclusion: A neuroendocrine gene signature in neuroendocrine PC and NELPC associates with a distinct transcriptional profile of GLUTs and hexokinases. PSMA suppression correlates with GLUT12 suppression and glucokinase upregulation. Alteration of 18F-FDG uptake-associated genes correlated positively with higher glucose uptake in AR- and PSMA-suppressed tumors. Zebrafish xenograft tumor models are an accurate and efficient preclinical method for monitoring nonradioactive glucose uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin K Bakht
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jessica M Lovnicki
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Janice Tubman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Keith F Stringer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jonathan Chiaramonte
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael R Reynolds
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Iulian Derecichei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Bre-Anne Fifield
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dorota Lubanska
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - So Won Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gi Jeong Cheon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea .,Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Kwak
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Wook Jeong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - John F Trant
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ilsa M Coleman
- Divison of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; and
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Xuesen Dong
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lisa A Porter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|