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Ren J, Cui Z, Jiang C, Wang L, Guan Y, Ren Y, Zhang S, Tu T, Yu J, Li Y, Duan W, Guan J, Wang K, Zhang H, Xing D, Kahn ML, Zhang H, Hong T. GNA14 and GNAQ somatic mutations cause spinal and intracranial extra-axial cavernous hemangiomas. Am J Hum Genet 2024; 111:1370-1382. [PMID: 38917801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2024.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Extra-axial cavernous hemangiomas (ECHs) are complex vascular lesions mainly found in the spine and cavernous sinus. Their removal poses significant risk due to their vascularity and diffuse nature, and their genetic underpinnings remain incompletely understood. Our approach involved genetic analyses on 31 tissue samples of ECHs employing whole-exome sequencing and targeted deep sequencing. We explored downstream signaling pathways, gene expression changes, and resultant phenotypic shifts induced by these mutations, both in vitro and in vivo. In our cohort, 77.4% of samples had somatic missense variants in GNA14, GNAQ, or GJA4. Transcriptomic analysis highlighted significant pathway upregulation, with the GNAQ c.626A>G (p.Gln209Arg) mutation elevating PI3K-AKT-mTOR and angiogenesis-related pathways, while GNA14 c.614A>T (p.Gln205Leu) mutation led to MAPK and angiogenesis-related pathway upregulation. Using a mouse xenograft model, we observed enlarged vessels from these mutations. Additionally, we initiated rapamycin treatment in a 14-year-old individual harboring the GNAQ c.626A>G (p.Gln209Arg) variant, resulting in gradual regression of cutaneous cavernous hemangiomas and improved motor strength, with minimal side effects. Understanding these mutations and their pathways provides a foundation for developing therapies for ECHs resistant to current therapies. Indeed, the administration of rapamycin in an individual within this study highlights the promise of targeted treatments in treating these complex lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China International Neuroscience Institute, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Ziwei Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China International Neuroscience Institute, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Chendan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China International Neuroscience Institute, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Leiming Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunqian Guan
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yeqing Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China International Neuroscience Institute, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Shikun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China International Neuroscience Institute, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Tianqi Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China International Neuroscience Institute, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxing Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China International Neuroscience Institute, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China International Neuroscience Institute, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Wanru Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China International Neuroscience Institute, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China International Neuroscience Institute, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China International Neuroscience Institute, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Hongdian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Xing
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mark L Kahn
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hongqi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China International Neuroscience Institute, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China.
| | - Tao Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China International Neuroscience Institute, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Xiongan Xuanwu Hospital, Xiong'an New Area, China.
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Chen C, Bao Y, Ju S, Jiang C, Zou X, Zhang X, Chen L. Single-cell and bulk RNA-seq unveils the immune infiltration landscape associated with cuproptosis in cerebral cavernous malformations. Biomark Res 2024; 12:57. [PMID: 38835051 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00603-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are vascular abnormalities associated with deregulated angiogenesis. Their pathogenesis and optimal treatment remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the molecular signatures of cuproptosis, a newly identified type of cell death, associated with CCMs development. METHODS Bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) from 15 CCM and 6 control samples were performed with consensus clustering and clustered to two subtypes based on expression levels of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs). Differentially expressed genes and immune infiltration between subtypes were then identified. Machine learning algorithms including the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and random forest were employed to screen for hub genes for CCMs associated with cuproptosis. Furthermore, Pathway enrichment and correlation analysis were used to explore the functions of hub genes and their association with immune phenotypes in CCMs. An external dataset was then employed for validation. Finally, employing the Cellchat algorithm on a single-cell RNA-seq dataset, we explored potential mechanisms underlying the participation of these hub genes in cell-cell communication in CCMs. RESULTS Our study revealed two distinct CCM subtypes with differential pattern of CRG expression and immune infiltration. Three hub genes (BTBD10, PFDN4, and CEMIP) were identified and validated, which may significantly associate with CCM pathogenesis. These genes were found to be significantly upregulated in CCM endothelial cells (ECs) and were validated through immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis revealed the cellular co-expression patterns of these hub genes, particularly highlighting the high expression of BTBD10 and PFDN4 in ECs. Additionally, a significant co-localization was also observed between BTBD10 and the pivotal cuproptosis gene FDX1 in Mki67+ tip cells, indicating the crucial role of cuproptosis for angiogenesis in CCMs. The study also explored the cell-cell communication between subcluster of ECs expressing these hub genes and immune cells, particularly M2 macrophages, suggesting a role for these interactions in CCM pathogenesis. CONCLUSION This study identifies molecular signatures linking cuproptosis to CCMs pathogenesis. Three hub genes-PFDN4, CEMIP, and BTBD10-may influence disease progression by modulating immunity. Further research is needed to understand their precise disease mechanisms and evaluate their potential as biomarkers or therapeutic targets for CCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Chen
- Neurosurgical department of Huashan hospital and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Research Unit of New Technologies of Micro-Endoscopy Combination in Skull Base Surgery (2018RU008), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Yuting Bao
- Neurosurgical department of Huashan hospital and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Research Unit of New Technologies of Micro-Endoscopy Combination in Skull Base Surgery (2018RU008), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Sihan Ju
- Neurosurgical department of Huashan hospital and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Research Unit of New Technologies of Micro-Endoscopy Combination in Skull Base Surgery (2018RU008), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Conglin Jiang
- Neurosurgical department of Huashan hospital and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Research Unit of New Technologies of Micro-Endoscopy Combination in Skull Base Surgery (2018RU008), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiang Zou
- Neurosurgical department of Huashan hospital and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Research Unit of New Technologies of Micro-Endoscopy Combination in Skull Base Surgery (2018RU008), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Neurosurgical department of Huashan hospital and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Research Unit of New Technologies of Micro-Endoscopy Combination in Skull Base Surgery (2018RU008), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Neurosurgical department of Huashan hospital and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Research Unit of New Technologies of Micro-Endoscopy Combination in Skull Base Surgery (2018RU008), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Jauhiainen S, Onyeogaziri FC, Lazzaroni F, Conze LL, Laakkonen JP, Laham-Karam N, Laakso A, Niemelä M, Rezai Jahromi B, Magnusson PU. Proteomics on human cerebral cavernous malformations reveals novel biomarkers in neurovascular dysfunction for the disease pathology. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167139. [PMID: 38537685 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a disease associated with an elevated risk of focal neurological deficits, seizures, and hemorrhagic stroke. The disease has an inflammatory profile and improved knowledge of CCM pathology mechanisms and exploration of candidate biomarkers will enable new non-invasive treatments. METHODS We analyzed protein signatures in human CCM tissue samples by using a highly specific and sensitive multiplexing technique, proximity extension assay. FINDINGS Data analysis revealed CCM specific proteins involved in endothelial dysfunction/inflammation/activation, leukocyte infiltration/chemotaxis, hemostasis, extracellular matrix dysfunction, astrocyte and microglial cell activation. Biomarker expression profiles matched bleeding status, especially with higher levels of inflammatory markers and activated astrocytes in ruptured than non-ruptured samples, some of these biomarkers are secreted into blood or urine. Furthermore, analysis was also done in a spatially resolving manner by separating the lesion area from the surrounding brain tissue. Our spatial studies revealed that although appearing histologically normal, the CCM border areas were pathological when compared to control brain tissues. Moreover, the functional relevance of CD93, ICAM-1 and MMP9, markers related to endothelial cell activation and extracellular matrix was validated by a murine pre-clinical CCM model. INTERPRETATION Here we present a novel strategy for proteomics analysis on human CCMs, offering a possibility for high-throughput protein screening acquiring data on the local environment in the brain. Our data presented here describe CCM relevant brain proteins and specifically those which are secreted can serve the need of circulating CCM biomarkers to predict cavernoma's risk of bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvi Jauhiainen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Favour C Onyeogaziri
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Francesca Lazzaroni
- Hematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Lei Liu Conze
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johanna P Laakkonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nihay Laham-Karam
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aki Laakso
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Niemelä
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Behnam Rezai Jahromi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peetra U Magnusson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Ibn Essayed W, Bernstock JD, Chen JA, Ng PR, Kappel AD, Du R. Cavernous venous malformations in and around the central nervous system. Part 2: Intradural. J Neurosurg 2024; 140:746-754. [PMID: 37878004 DOI: 10.3171/2023.6.jns23830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Cavernous venous malformations (CavVMs) account for a spectrum of lesions with a shared pathogenesis. Their anatomical location dictates their clinical features and surgical treatment. Extradural and dura-based CavVMs were discussed in Part 1 of this review. In this part, intradural CavVMs are discussed, encompassing malformations growing within the intradural space without direct dural involvement. In addition to classic intra-axial CavVMs, cranial nerve CavVMs, intraventricular CavVMs, and intradural extramedullary spinal CavVMs are discussed in this group, given the similar natural history and specific management challenges. Herein the authors focus on critical clinical aspects of and surgical management of these malformations based on their location and discuss optimal surgical approaches at each of these anatomical locations with illustrative cases. The commonalities of the natural history and surgical management that are dictated by anatomical considerations lend to a new location-based taxonomy for classification of CavVMs.
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Ruparelia J, Patidar R, Gosal JS, Garg M, Jha DK, Vishwajeet V, Tiwari S, Kaur M, Singh S, Bhaskar S. Optochiasmatic Cavernomas: Updated systematic review and proposal of a novel classification with surgical approaches. Neurosurg Rev 2024; 47:53. [PMID: 38238497 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-024-02288-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Cavernomas are histologically benign vascular malformations found at different sites in the brain. A rare site for such cavernomas, however, is the anterior optic pathway, comprising the optic nerve, chiasma, and optic tract-called optochiasmatic cavernomas (OCC). These lesions usually present with sudden onset or progressive vision loss, headache, and features mimicking pituitary apoplexy. In this paper, we describe a case of OCC operated at our center. We carry out an updated review of literature depicting cases of OCC, their clinical presentation, management, and postoperative complications. We also propose a novel classification system based on lesion location and further analyze these cavernoma types with respect to the surgical approach used and visual outcome. A 30-year-old lady had presented with a 3-week history of progressive bilateral vision loss and headache. Based on imaging, she was suspected to have a cavernous angioma of the chiasma and left optic tract. Due to progressive vision deterioration, the lesion was surgically excised using pterional craniotomy. Postoperatively, her visual symptoms improved, but she developed diabetes insipidus. Clinical and radiological follow-up has been done for 18 months after surgery. A total of 81 cases have been described in the literature, including the present case. Chiasmal apoplexy is the most common presentation. Surgical excision is the standard of care. Our analysis based on lesion location shows the most appropriate surgical approach to be used for each cavernoma type. Visual outcome correlates with the preoperative visual status. Visual outcome is good in patients presenting with acute chiasmal apoplexy, and when complete surgical excision is performed. The endonasal endoscopic approach was found to provide the best visual outcome. In addition to preoperative visual status, complete surgical excision predicts favorable visual outcomes in OCC. Our proposed classification system guides the appropriate surgical approach required for a particular location of the cavernoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigish Ruparelia
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342005, India
| | - Rajnish Patidar
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342005, India
| | - Jaskaran Singh Gosal
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342005, India.
| | - Mayank Garg
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342005, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Jha
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342005, India
| | - Vikarn Vishwajeet
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342005, India
| | - Sarbesh Tiwari
- Department of Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342005, India
| | - Manbir Kaur
- Department of Anesthesiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342005, India
| | - Surjit Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342005, India
| | - Suryanarayanan Bhaskar
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342005, India
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Lazzaroni F, Meessen JMTA, Sun Y, Lanfranconi S, Scola E, D'Alessandris QG, Tassi L, Carriero MR, Castori M, Marino S, Blanda A, Nicolis EB, Novelli D, Calabrese R, Agnelli NM, Bottazzi B, Leone R, Mazzola S, Besana S, Catozzi C, Nezi L, Lampugnani MG, Malinverno M, Grdseloff N, Rödel CJ, Rezai Jahromi B, Bolli N, Passamonti F, Magnusson PU, Abdelilah-Seyfried S, Dejana E, Latini R. Circulating biomarkers in familial cerebral cavernous malformation. EBioMedicine 2024; 99:104914. [PMID: 38113759 PMCID: PMC10767159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral Cavernous Malformation (CCM) is a rare cerebrovascular disease, characterized by the presence of multiple vascular malformations that may result in intracerebral hemorrhages (ICHs), seizure(s), or focal neurological deficits (FND). Familial CCM (fCCM) is due to loss of function mutations in one of the three independent genes KRIT1 (CCM1), Malcavernin (CCM2), or Programmed Cell death 10 (PDCD10/CCM3). The aim of this study was to identify plasma protein biomarkers of fCCM to assess the severity of the disease and predict its progression. METHODS Here, we have investigated plasma samples derived from n = 71 symptomatic fCCM patients (40 female/31 male) and n = 17 healthy donors (HD) (9 female/8 male) of the Phase 1/2 Treat_CCM trial, using multiplexed protein profiling approaches. FINDINGS Biomarkers as sCD14 (p = 0.00409), LBP (p = 0.02911), CXCL4 (p = 0.038), ICAM-1 (p = 0.02013), ANG2 (p = 0.026), CCL5 (p = 0.00403), THBS1 (p = 0.0043), CRP (p = 0.0092), and HDL (p = 0.027), were significantly different in fCCM compared to HDs. Of note, sENG (p = 0.011), THBS1 (p = 0.011) and CXCL4 (p = 0.011), were correlated to CCM genotype. sROBO4 (p = 0.014), TM (p = 0.026) and CRP (p = 0.040) were able to predict incident adverse clinical events, such as ICH, FND or seizure. GDF-15, FLT3L, CXCL9, FGF-21 and CDCP1, were identified as predictors of the formation of new MRI-detectable lesions over 2-year follow-up. Furthermore, the functional relevance of ang2, thbs1, robo4 and cdcp1 markers was validated by zebrafish pre-clinical model of fCCM. INTERPRETATION Overall, our study identifies a set of biochemical parameters to predict CCM progression, suggesting biological interpretations and potential therapeutic approaches to CCM disease. FUNDING Italian Medicines Agency, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC), ERC, Leducq Transatlantic Network of Excellence, Swedish Research Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Lazzaroni
- Vascular Biology Unit, IFOM ETS-The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy; Hematology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Jennifer M T A Meessen
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Institute for Pharmacological Research Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Silvia Lanfranconi
- Department of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Scola
- Department of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Quintino Giorgio D'Alessandris
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Laura Tassi
- Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Centre, ASST Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Carriero
- Cerebrovascular Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Castori
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Silvia Marino
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo", Messina, Italy
| | - Adriana Blanda
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Institute for Pharmacological Research Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico B Nicolis
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Institute for Pharmacological Research Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Deborah Novelli
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Institute for Pharmacological Research Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Calabrese
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Institute for Pharmacological Research Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolò M Agnelli
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Institute for Pharmacological Research Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Selene Mazzola
- Laboratory Medicine, Desio Hospital, Università Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Besana
- Laboratory Medicine, Desio Hospital, Università Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlotta Catozzi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Luigi Nezi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria G Lampugnani
- Vascular Biology Unit, IFOM ETS-The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Institute for Pharmacological Research Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Malinverno
- Vascular Biology Unit, IFOM ETS-The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Nastasja Grdseloff
- Department of Zoophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Germany
| | - Claudia J Rödel
- Department of Zoophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Niccolò Bolli
- Hematology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Passamonti
- Hematology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Peetra U Magnusson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Salim Abdelilah-Seyfried
- Department of Zoophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Germany
| | - Elisabetta Dejana
- Vascular Biology Unit, IFOM ETS-The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Roberto Latini
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Institute for Pharmacological Research Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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7
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Xu S, Yang L. Diagnosis and treatment status of suprasellar optic pathway cavernous malformations. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231219167. [PMID: 38147640 PMCID: PMC10752090 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231219167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations constitute a subtype of cerebral vascular malformation typically located in the cerebral cortex. However, their occurrence in the suprasellar optic pathway is relatively rare. There is some uncertainty surrounding the clinical diagnostic methods and optimal treatment strategies specific to suprasellar optic pathway cavernous malformations. In this narrative review, we retrospectively analyzed relevant literature related to suprasellar visual pathway cavernous malformations. We conducted a study involving 90 patients who were postoperatively diagnosed with cavernous malformations, including the 16-year-old male patient mentioned in this article. We have summarized crucial clinical data, including the patient age distribution, sex ratio, lesion locations, primary symptoms, and surgical approaches. The comprehensive analysis of this clinical information underscores the critical importance of timely intervention in relieving symptoms and improving neurological deficits in affected patients. These findings provide valuable guidance and insight for clinical practitioners and researchers dealing with this specific medical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songbai Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
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8
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Patel A, Valle D, Nguyen A, Molina E, Lucke-Wold B. Role of Genetics and Surgical Interventions for the Management of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations (CMM). CURRENT CHINESE SCIENCE 2023; 3:386-395. [PMID: 37981909 PMCID: PMC10657140 DOI: 10.2174/2210298103666230823094431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are comprised of tissue matter within the brain possessing anomalous vascular architecture. In totality, the dilated appearance of the cavernomatakes on a mulberry-like shape contributed by the shape and relation to vascular and capillary elements. Analyzing its pathophysiology along with its molecular and genetic pathways plays a vital role in whether or not a patient receives GKRS, medical management, or Surgery, the most invasive of procedures. To avoid neurological trauma, microsurgical resection of cavernomas canbe guided by the novel clinical application of a 3D Slicer with Sina/MosoCam. When cavernomas present in deep lesions with poor accessibility, gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery (GKSR) is recommended. For asymptomatic and non-multilobal lesions, medical and symptom management is deemed standard, such as antiepileptic therapy. The two-hit hypothesis serves to explain the mutations in three key genes that are most pertinent to the progression of cavernomas: CCM1/KRIT1, CCM2/Malcavernin, and CCM3/PDCD10. Various exon deletions and frameshift mutations can cause dysfunction in vascular structure through loss and gain of function mutations. MEKK3 and KLF2/4 are involved in a protein kinase signaling cycle that promotes abnormal angiogenesis and cavernoma formation. In terms of potential treatments, RhoKinase inhibitors have shown to decrease endothelial to mesenchymal transition and CCM lesion development in mice models. All in all, understanding the research behind the molecular genetics in CCMs can foster personalized medicine and potentially create new neurosurgical and medicative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Florida 32013, United States
| | - Daisy Valle
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Florida 32013, United States
| | - Andrew Nguyen
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Florida 32013, United States
| | - Eduardo Molina
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Florida 32013, United States
| | - Brandon Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Florida 32013, United States
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9
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Ren J, Huang Y, Ren Y, Tu T, Qiu B, Ai D, Bi Z, Bai X, Li F, Li JL, Chen XJ, Feng Z, Guo Z, Lei J, Tian A, Cui Z, Lindner V, Adams RH, Wang Y, Zhao F, Körbelin J, Sun W, Wang Y, Zhang H, Hong T, Ge WP. Somatic variants of MAP3K3 are sufficient to cause cerebral and spinal cord cavernous malformations. Brain 2023; 146:3634-3647. [PMID: 36995941 PMCID: PMC10473567 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) and spinal cord cavernous malformations (SCCMs) are common vascular abnormalities of the CNS that can lead to seizure, haemorrhage and other neurological deficits. Approximately 85% of patients present with sporadic (versus congenital) CCMs. Somatic mutations in MAP3K3 and PIK3CA were recently reported in patients with sporadic CCM, yet it remains unknown whether MAP3K3 mutation is sufficient to induce CCMs. Here we analysed whole-exome sequencing data for patients with CCM and found that ∼40% of them have a single, specific MAP3K3 mutation [c.1323C>G (p.Ile441Met)] but not any other known mutations in CCM-related genes. We developed a mouse model of CCM with MAP3K3I441M uniquely expressed in the endothelium of the CNS. We detected pathological phenotypes similar to those found in patients with MAP3K3I441M. The combination of in vivo imaging and genetic labelling revealed that CCMs were initiated with endothelial expansion followed by disruption of the blood-brain barrier. Experiments with our MAP3K3I441M mouse model demonstrated that CCM can be alleviated by treatment with rapamycin, the mTOR inhibitor. CCM pathogenesis has usually been attributed to acquisition of two or three distinct genetic mutations involving the genes CCM1/2/3 and/or PIK3CA. However, our results demonstrate that a single genetic hit is sufficient to cause CCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, China International Neuroscience Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yazi Huang
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yeqing Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, China International Neuroscience Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Tianqi Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, China International Neuroscience Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Baoshan Qiu
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Daosheng Ai
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies (AAIS), Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhanying Bi
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Fengzhi Li
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jun-Liszt Li
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies (AAIS), Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xing-jun Chen
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies (AAIS), Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ziyan Feng
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zongpei Guo
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jianfeng Lei
- Medical Imaging laboratory of Core Facility Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100054, China
| | - An Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, China International Neuroscience Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ziwei Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, China International Neuroscience Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Volkhard Lindner
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Yibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jakob Körbelin
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Wenzhi Sun
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100054, China
| | - Yilong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Hongqi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, China International Neuroscience Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Tao Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, China International Neuroscience Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Woo-ping Ge
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders (BIBD), China International Neuroscience Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
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10
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Huo R, Yang Y, Sun Y, Zhou Q, Zhao S, Mo Z, Xu H, Wang J, Weng J, Jiao Y, Zhang J, He Q, Wang S, Zhao J, Wang J, Cao Y. Endothelial hyperactivation of mutant MAP3K3 induces cerebral cavernous malformation enhanced by PIK3CA GOF mutation. Angiogenesis 2023; 26:295-312. [PMID: 36719480 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-023-09866-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) refer to a common vascular abnormality that affects up to 0.5% of the population. A somatic gain-of-function mutation in MAP3K3 (p.I441M) was recently reported in sporadic CCMs, frequently accompanied by somatic activating PIK3CA mutations in diseased endothelium. However, the molecular mechanisms of these driver genes remain elusive. In this study, we performed whole-exome sequencing and droplet digital polymerase chain reaction to analyze CCM lesions and the matched blood from sporadic patients. 44 of 94 cases harbored mutations in KRIT1/CCM2 or MAP3K3, of which 75% were accompanied by PIK3CA mutations (P = 0.006). AAV-BR1-mediated brain endothelial-specific MAP3K3I441M overexpression induced CCM-like lesions throughout the brain and spinal cord in adolescent mice. Interestingly, over half of lesions disappeared at adulthood. Single-cell RNA sequencing found significant enrichment of the apoptosis pathway in a subset of brain endothelial cells in MAP3K3I441M mice compared to controls. We then demonstrated that MAP3K3I441M overexpression activated p38 signaling that is associated with the apoptosis of endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, the mice simultaneously overexpressing PIK3CA and MAP3K3 mutations had an increased number of CCM-like lesions and maintained these lesions for a longer time compared to those with only MAP3K3I441M. Further in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that activating PI3K signaling increased proliferation and alleviated apoptosis of endothelial cells. By using AAV-BR1, we found that MAP3K3I441M mutation can provoke CCM-like lesions in mice and the activation of PI3K signaling significantly enhances and maintains these lesions, providing a preclinical model for the further mechanistic and therapeutic study of CCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Huo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119S Fourth Ring Rd W, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yingxi Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yingfan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119S Fourth Ring Rd W, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuxia Zhou
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shaozhi Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119S Fourth Ring Rd W, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zongchao Mo
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hongyuan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119S Fourth Ring Rd W, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119S Fourth Ring Rd W, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jiancong Weng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119S Fourth Ring Rd W, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119S Fourth Ring Rd W, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Junze Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119S Fourth Ring Rd W, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qiheng He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119S Fourth Ring Rd W, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119S Fourth Ring Rd W, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jizong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119S Fourth Ring Rd W, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jiguang Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119S Fourth Ring Rd W, Fengtai District, Beijing, China.
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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11
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Hess M, Chronopoulos A, Schutz J, Hattenbach LO. Retinal and Cerebral Cavernous Haemangioma in a Female Patient - Multimodal Imaging. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2023; 240:73-76. [PMID: 35488177 DOI: 10.1055/a-1839-8644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Monya Hess
- Eye Clinic, Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen am Rhein gGmbH, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | | | - James Schutz
- Eye Clinic, Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen am Rhein gGmbH, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Lars-Olof Hattenbach
- Eye Clinic, Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen am Rhein gGmbH, Ludwigshafen, Germany
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12
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Globisch MA, Onyeogaziri FC, Jauhiainen S, Yau AC, Orsenigo F, Conze LL, Arce M, Corada M, Smith RO, Rorsman C, Sundell V, Fernando D, Daniel G, Mattsson O, Savander H, Wanders A, Rezai Jahromi B, Laakso A, Niemelä M, Dejana E, Magnusson PU. Immunothrombosis and vascular heterogeneity in cerebral cavernous malformation. Blood 2022; 140:2154-2169. [PMID: 35981497 PMCID: PMC10653039 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021015350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a neurovascular disease that results in various neurological symptoms. Thrombi have been reported in surgically resected CCM patient biopsies, but the molecular signatures of these thrombi remain elusive. Here, we investigated the kinetics of thrombi formation in CCM and how thrombi affect the vasculature and contribute to cerebral hypoxia. We used RNA sequencing to investigate the transcriptome of mouse brain endothelial cells with an inducible endothelial-specific Ccm3 knock-out (Ccm3-iECKO). We found that Ccm3-deficient brain endothelial cells had a higher expression of genes related to the coagulation cascade and hypoxia when compared with wild-type brain endothelial cells. Immunofluorescent assays identified key molecular signatures of thrombi such as fibrin, von Willebrand factor, and activated platelets in Ccm3-iECKO mice and human CCM biopsies. Notably, we identified polyhedrocytes in Ccm3-iECKO mice and human CCM biopsies and report it for the first time. We also found that the parenchyma surrounding CCM lesions is hypoxic and that more thrombi correlate with higher levels of hypoxia. We created an in vitro model to study CCM pathology and found that human brain endothelial cells deficient for CCM3 expressed elevated levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and had a redistribution of von Willebrand factor. With transcriptomics, comprehensive imaging, and an in vitro CCM preclinical model, this study provides experimental evidence that genes and proteins related to the coagulation cascade affect the brain vasculature and promote neurological side effects such as hypoxia in CCMs. This study supports the concept that antithrombotic therapy may be beneficial for patients with CCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Globisch
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Favour C. Onyeogaziri
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Suvi Jauhiainen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anthony C.Y. Yau
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fabrizio Orsenigo
- Vascular Biology Unit, IFOM ETS—The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Lei L. Conze
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maximiliano Arce
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Monica Corada
- Vascular Biology Unit, IFOM ETS—The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Ross O. Smith
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Rorsman
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Veronica Sundell
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dinesh Fernando
- Department of Biomaterials and Technology/Wood Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Geoffrey Daniel
- Department of Biomaterials and Technology/Wood Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Oscar Mattsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henri Savander
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alkwin Wanders
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Behnam Rezai Jahromi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aki Laakso
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Niemelä
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisabetta Dejana
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Vascular Biology Unit, IFOM ETS—The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Peetra U. Magnusson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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13
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Dysregulated Hemostasis and Immunothrombosis in Cerebral Cavernous Malformations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012575. [PMID: 36293431 PMCID: PMC9604397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a neurovascular disease that affects 0.5% of the general population. For a long time, CCM research focused on genetic mutations, endothelial junctions and proliferation, but recently, transcriptome and proteome studies have revealed that the hemostatic system and neuroinflammation play a crucial role in the development and severity of cavernomas, with some of these publications coming from our group. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the latest molecular insights into the interaction between CCM-deficient endothelial cells with blood components and the neurovascular unit. Specifically, we underscore how endothelial dysfunction can result in dysregulated hemostasis, bleeding, hypoxia and neurological symptoms. We conducted a thorough review of the literature and found a field that is increasingly poised to regard CCM as a hemostatic disease, which may have implications for therapy.
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14
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Maharani P, Hidayati HB, Kurniawan SN. Vertigo due to cerebellar cavernous malformation: A case report. Radiol Case Rep 2022; 17:3495-3500. [PMID: 35912296 PMCID: PMC9334926 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2022.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Central vertigo is a result of vestibular structure dysfunction in the central nervous system. Currently, misdiagnoses between peripheral and central lesions are frequent, and diagnostic testing costs are high. Identifying the characteristics of these 2 conditions is challenging. We can provide better treatment if we can establish a diagnosis earlier. Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) at the cerebellum is a cerebellar lesion that causes symptoms of central vertigo. We report a patient, 20th years old, female, with vertigo for 1 month before being admitted. Vertigo was getting worse, and when the patient arrived at our hospital, vertigo was accompanied by headache, right and left abducens nerve palsy, horizontal nystagmus bidirectional, vertical nystagmus, and weakness on the right side of the body. A brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed before surgery and shows a lesion suggestive of CCM at the cerebellum with a hemorrhagic component inside and non-communicating hydrocephalus. There is no vascular malformation based on digital subtraction angiography result. MRI is the most sensitive and specific modality for detecting CCM, whereas cerebral angiography rarely detects this malformation. The patient got surgical treatment, with suboccipital decompression procedures and CCM excision. The histopathological results after surgical treatment revealed a cerebral cavernous malformation. Vertigo, headache, double vision, and weakness on the right side of the body were resolved after surgery.
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15
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Ahlhelm FJ, Tarnutzer AA, Shariat K. [Cerebral and spinal cavernomas]. RADIOLOGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 62:648-653. [PMID: 35726070 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-022-01028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CLINICAL/METHODICAL ISSUE Cavernous malformations or cavernomas belong to the angiodysplasias. They may be sporadic or familial and cause symptoms (epilepsy) despite the absence of a left-to-right shunt. In addition to intracranial locations, spinal cavernomas are also found. STANDARD RADIOLOGICAL METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) are used for diagnosis PERFORMANCE: MRI, except for acutely or subacutely hemorrhaged cavernomas, is superior to CT for lesion detection. ACHIEVEMENTS CT is reserved for acute diagnosis. MRI, especially susceptibility-sensitive gradient echo sequences, can also detect cavernomas without (sub-)acute hemorrhage or calcifications. PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS MRI is also useful for differentiating the familial form vs. sporadic form. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is used for differential diagnosis in rare cases, as cavernomas show no correlate here.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Ahlhelm
- Abteilung Neuroradiologie, Zentrum für Bildgebung, Kantonsspital Baden AG, Im Ergel 1, 5404, Baden, Schweiz.
| | | | - K Shariat
- Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Schweiz
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16
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Ganz JC. Cavernous malformations. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2022; 268:115-132. [PMID: 35074077 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cavernous malformations are relatively common intracerebral malformations of which we only became properly aware after the introduction of MRI. They may be sporadic or familial. Familial CMs may be multiple and new lesions appear over time requiring intermittent MR control. Many sporadic CMs have no symptoms. The commonest location is in the supratentorial cerebral parenchyma presenting with epilepsy. The best treatment is microsurgery. A small proportion are in the brainstem and may rebleed and even be lethal. Treatment includes microsurgery and radiosurgery. Microsurgery cures the patient but has substantial problems with complications, deterioration and partial removal. Radiosurgery has taken time to demonstrate that it can over 2 years substantially reduce the risk of rebleeds without the risks of microsurgery. Both methods have a part to play in the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy C Ganz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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17
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Gilbert OE, Wilson JM, Volk JM. Giant Frontotemporal Cavernous Malformation in a 2-Month-Old Infant: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Pediatr Neurosurg 2022; 57:56-62. [PMID: 34749375 DOI: 10.1159/000519856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cavernous malformations in the pediatric population are exceedingly rare, especially in infants. Giant cavernous malformations (GCM) are even more rare and have a diameter >4 cm. The onset of symptoms predominantly occurs in adulthood, but the rate of hemorrhage is significantly higher in the pediatric population. Similar to non-GCM, GCM can be misidentified as tumors on imaging due to their tumefactive pattern with edema. Here, we present a rare case of a right frontotemporal GCM in a 2-month-old girl, the youngest recorded case in the existing literature. CASE PRESENTATION A previously healthy 2-month-old girl presented to the emergency department following an increasing frequency of seizure-like activity that began 3 days prior to presentation. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain with and without contrast characterized a large (5.8 × 4.3 × 4.2 cm) heterogeneous lesion of the right temporal lobe with diffuse scattered blood products of various ages seen throughout the lesion. She underwent a right-sided craniotomy where a gross total excision was achieved. Pathology confirmed the diagnoses of a GCM. The patient's seizures subsequently resolved, and she continues to do well postoperatively. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION GCM can be mistaken for tumors due to their large size, cystic nature, and surrounding edema, but a vascular lesion should always remain in the differential diagnosis before operating, even in infants. Surgery is generally recommended in patients that present with a symptomatic hemorrhage, recurrent hemorrhages, persistent seizures despite medical management, or progressively worsening neurological deficits if the GCM is in a safe location. It has been shown that 70-99% of patients undergoing surgery with successful removal of the GCM can achieve seizure freedom 2 years postoperatively. Complete surgical excision of this infant's GCM was successful in treating her neurologic symptoms; therefore, pathological confirmation of this lesion is critical and should prompt a complete surgical excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia E Gilbert
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA,
| | - John M Wilson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jerome M Volk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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18
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Li W, Tran V, Shaked I, Xue B, Moore T, Lightle R, Kleinfeld D, Awad IA, Ginsberg MH. Abortive intussusceptive angiogenesis causes multi-cavernous vascular malformations. eLife 2021; 10:62155. [PMID: 34013885 PMCID: PMC8175082 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosaic inactivation of CCM2 in humans causes cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) containing adjacent dilated blood-filled multi-cavernous lesions. We used CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis to induce mosaic inactivation of zebrafish ccm2 resulting in a novel lethal multi-cavernous lesion in the embryonic caudal venous plexus (CVP) caused by obstruction of blood flow by intraluminal pillars. These pillars mimic those that mediate intussusceptive angiogenesis; however, in contrast to the normal process, the pillars failed to fuse to split the pre-existing vessel in two. Abortive intussusceptive angiogenesis stemmed from mosaic inactivation of ccm2 leading to patchy klf2a overexpression and resultant aberrant flow signaling. Surviving adult fish manifested histologically typical hemorrhagic CCM. Formation of mammalian CCM requires the flow-regulated transcription factor KLF2; fish CCM and the embryonic CVP lesion failed to form in klf2a null fish indicating a common pathogenesis with the mammalian lesion. These studies describe a zebrafish CCM model and establish a mechanism that can explain the formation of characteristic multi-cavernous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Li
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Virginia Tran
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Iftach Shaked
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Belinda Xue
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Thomas Moore
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago School of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, United States
| | - Rhonda Lightle
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago School of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, United States
| | - David Kleinfeld
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States.,Section of Neurobiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Issam A Awad
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago School of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, United States
| | - Mark H Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
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19
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Paddock M, Lanham S, Gill K, Sinha S, Connolly DJA. Pediatric Cerebral Cavernous Malformations. Pediatr Neurol 2021; 116:74-83. [PMID: 33494000 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations are the second most common vascular malformations in the central nervous system, and over one-third are found in children. Lesions may be solitary or multiple, be discovered incidentally, be sporadic, or be secondary to familial cavernomatosis or radiation therapy. Children may present with focal seizures, intracranial hemorrhage, or focal neurological deficits without radiological evidence of recent hemorrhage. We present several children with cerebral cavernous malformations and explore the challenges of their diagnosis in children, their key imaging features, the role of follow-up imaging, and their subsequent management including stereotactic radiosurgery and microsurgical resection. Individual patient risk stratification is advocated for all affected children and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Paddock
- Medical Imaging Department, Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Barnsley, United Kingdom; Academic Unit of Child Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
| | - Sarah Lanham
- Department of Neuroradiology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Kanwar Gill
- Medical Imaging Department, Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Barnsley, United Kingdom
| | - Saurabh Sinha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J A Connolly
- Department of Neuroradiology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Radiology, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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20
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Eker OF, Boccardi E, Sure U, Patel MC, Alicante S, Alsafi A, Coote N, Droege F, Dupuis O, Fialla AD, Jones B, Kariholu U, Kjeldsen AD, Lefroy D, Lenato GM, Mager HJ, Manfredi G, Nielsen TH, Pagella F, Post MC, Rennie C, Sabbà C, Suppressa P, Toerring PM, Ugolini S, Buscarini E, Dupuis-Girod S, Shovlin CL. European Reference Network for Rare Vascular Diseases (VASCERN) position statement on cerebral screening in adults and children with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:165. [PMID: 32600364 PMCID: PMC7322871 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01386-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a multisystemic vascular dysplasia inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Approximately 10 % of patients have cerebral vascular malformations, a proportion being cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and fistulae that may lead to potentially devastating consequences in case of rupture. On the other hand, detection and treatment related-risks are not negligible, and immediate. While successful treatment can be undertaken in individual cases, current data do not support the treatment of unruptured AVMs, which also present a low risk of bleeding in HHT patients. Screening for these AVMs is therefore controversial. Structured discussions, distinctions of different cerebrovascular abnormalities commonly grouped into an “AVM” bracket, and clear guidance by neurosurgical and neurointerventional radiology colleagues enabled the European Reference Network for Rare Vascular Disorders (VASCERN-HHT) to develop the following agreed Position Statement on cerebral screening: 1) First, we emphasise that neurological symptoms suggestive of cerebral AVMs in HHT patients should be investigated as in general neurological and emergency care practice. Similarly, if an AVM is found accidentally, management approaches should rely on expert discussions on a case-by-case basis and individual risk-benefit evaluation of all therapeutic possibilities for a specific lesion. 2) The current evidence base does not favour the treatment of unruptured cerebral AVMs, and therefore cannot be used to support widespread screening of asymptomatic HHT patients. 3) Individual situations encompass a wide range of personal, cultural and clinical states. In order to enable informed patient choice, and avoid conflicting advice, particularly arising from non-neurovascular interpretations of the evidence base, we suggest that all HHT patients should have the opportunity to discuss knowingly brain screening issues with their healthcare provider. 4) Any screening discussions in asymptomatic individuals should be preceded by informed pre-test review of the latest evidence regarding preventative and therapeutic efficacies of any interventions. The possibility of harm due to detection of, or intervention on, a vascular malformation that would not have necessarily caused any consequence in later life should be stated explicitly. We consider this nuanced Position Statement provides a helpful, evidence-based framework for informed discussions between healthcare providers and patients in an emotionally charged area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer F Eker
- VASCERN HHT Reference Centre, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.
| | - Edoardo Boccardi
- Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy and VASCERN HHT Reference Centre, Crema, Italy
| | - Ulrich Sure
- VASCERN HHT Reference Centre, Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Maneesh C Patel
- VASCERN HHT Reference Centre, Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, UK
| | - Saverio Alicante
- VASCERN HHT Reference Centre, ASST Maggiore Hospital, Crema, Italy
| | - Ali Alsafi
- VASCERN HHT Reference Centre, Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, UK
| | - Nicola Coote
- VASCERN HHT Reference Centre, Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, UK
| | - Freya Droege
- VASCERN HHT Reference Centre, Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Olivier Dupuis
- VASCERN HHT Reference Centre, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Annette Dam Fialla
- VASCERN HHT Reference Centre, Odense Universitetshospital, Syddansk Universitet, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bryony Jones
- VASCERN HHT Reference Centre, Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, UK
| | - Ujwal Kariholu
- VASCERN HHT Reference Centre, Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, UK
| | - Anette D Kjeldsen
- VASCERN HHT Reference Centre, Odense Universitetshospital, Syddansk Universitet, Odense, Denmark
| | - David Lefroy
- VASCERN HHT Reference Centre, Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, UK
| | - Gennaro M Lenato
- VASCERN HHT Reference Centre, "Frugoni" Internal Medicine Unit, University of Bari "A. Moro", Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Hans Jurgen Mager
- VASCERN HHT Reference Centre, St Antonius Ziekenhuis, Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - Guido Manfredi
- VASCERN HHT Reference Centre, ASST Maggiore Hospital, Crema, Italy
| | - Troels H Nielsen
- VASCERN HHT Reference Centre, Odense Universitetshospital, Syddansk Universitet, Odense, Denmark
| | - Fabio Pagella
- VASCERN HHT Reference Centre, University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco C Post
- VASCERN HHT Reference Centre, St Antonius Ziekenhuis, Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - Catherine Rennie
- VASCERN HHT Reference Centre, Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, UK
| | - Carlo Sabbà
- VASCERN HHT Reference Centre, "Frugoni" Internal Medicine Unit, University of Bari "A. Moro", Policlinico, Bari, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Suppressa
- VASCERN HHT Reference Centre, "Frugoni" Internal Medicine Unit, University of Bari "A. Moro", Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Pernille M Toerring
- VASCERN HHT Reference Centre, Odense Universitetshospital, Syddansk Universitet, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sara Ugolini
- VASCERN HHT Reference Centre, University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Claire L Shovlin
- VASCERN HHT Reference Centre, Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, UK and Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Voznyak O, Lytvynenko A, Maydannyk O, Kalenska O, Hryniv N. Cavernous Hemangioma of the Chiasm and Left Optic Nerve. Cureus 2020; 12:e8068. [PMID: 32420001 PMCID: PMC7224585 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cavernous malformations (CMs) of the optic nerves, chiasm, and optic tract are very rare. This report describes a 26-year-old man who presented with recurring headaches, loss of vision in his left eye, and elevated blood pressure. After being diagnosed with glioma of the chiasm, he was referred to our department. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed signs of a mass lesion of the left chiasmal area, a finding confirmed after transcranial biopsy. In February 2015, he underwent gross total resection of the cavernous angioma of the chiasm and the left optic nerve. Three months later, the patient's vision returned to normal. The absence of a typical clinical picture and the lack of radiological visualization can hinder pathologic diagnosis. Total microsurgical resection is the optimal treatment strategy for patients with CMs of the chiasm and optic nerve because it usually results in improved vision and long-term benefits. The results in this patient demonstrate the importance of rapid diagnosis and gross total surgical resection of CMs of the chiasm and left optic nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oleg Maydannyk
- Centre of Neurosurgery, Clinical Hospital "Feofaniya", Kyiv, UKR
| | - Olga Kalenska
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Hospital "Feofaniya", Kyiv, UKR
| | - Nazarii Hryniv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kyiv, UKR.,Centre of Neurosurgery, Clinical Hospital "Feofaniya", Kyiv, UKR
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22
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Ishijima K, Shinmei Y, Nozaki M, Yamaguchi S, Chin S, Ishida S. Sudden bilateral vision loss due to third ventricular cavernous angioma with intratumoral hemorrhage - case report. BMC Ophthalmol 2019; 19:259. [PMID: 31842792 PMCID: PMC6916187 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-019-1252-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We report a rare case of sudden bilateral vision loss due to third ventricular cavernous angioma with intratumoral hemorrhage. Case presentation A 45-year-old woman presented decreased visual acuity in both eyes. Her best corrected visual acuity was 0.1 in the right eye and 0.15 in the left eye. Goldmann perimetry showed bilateral central scotomas and bitemporal visual field defects. MRI demonstrated a lesion with mixed hypo- and hyperintensity at the optic chiasm, which was thought to be an intratumoral hemorrhage. The patient underwent bifrontal craniotomy. The tumor was exposed via an anterior interhemispheric approach, and histological evaluation of the mass led to a diagnosis of cavernous angioma. Six months after the surgery, her best corrected visual acuity was 0.9 in the right eye and 0.9 in the left, with slight bitemporal visual field defects. Conclusion Third ventricular cavernous angioma is considered in the differential diagnosis of chiasmal syndrome. Contrast-enhanced MRI and FDG-PET might be useful for differential diagnosis of cavernous angioma from other chiasmal tumors including glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Ishijima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shinmei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
| | | | - Shigeru Yamaguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinki Chin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Susumu Ishida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
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Hirokawa Y, Fujimoto A, Ichikawa N, Sato K, Tanaka T, Enoki H, Otsuki Y, Okanishi T. Temporal Lobe Cavernous Malformation Caused Epileptic Amnesic Episodes and Mild Cognitive Impairment. Front Neurol 2019; 10:620. [PMID: 31249550 PMCID: PMC6582224 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathological features in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are amyloid β (Aβ) deposits and neurofibrillary changes. AD is characterized by memory impairment and cognitive dysfunction, with some reports associating these impairments with hyperexcitability caused by Aβ in the medial temporal lobe. Epileptic seizures are known to be common in AD. We encountered a 65-year-old patient with cavernous malformation (CM) in the right temporal lobe who exhibited epileptic amnesia (EA) and AD-like symptoms. Scalp electroencephalography (EEG), including long-term video-EEG, showed no interictal discharges, but intraoperative subdural electrode (SE) recording from the right parahippocampal area showed frequent epileptiform discharges. Neuropathologically, senile plaques were found in the surrounding normal cortex of the CM. Postoperatively, the patient has remained free of EA and AD-like symptoms since total removal of the CM. This is the first surgical case report to confirm temporal lobe hyperexcitability associated with EA and AD-like symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hirokawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seirei-Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Ayataka Fujimoto
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Seirei-Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Naoki Ichikawa
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Seirei-Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Keishiro Sato
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Seirei-Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tokutaro Tanaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seirei-Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hideo Enoki
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Seirei-Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Otsuki
- Department of Pathology, Seirei-Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tohru Okanishi
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Seirei-Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
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De Novo Cavernous Malformation Associated with a Pre-existing Developmental Venous Anomaly : Could Magnetic Resonance Findings Predict Evolution? Clin Neuroradiol 2019; 30:181-184. [PMID: 31152189 DOI: 10.1007/s00062-019-00801-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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