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Afriyie DK, Ameyaw EO, Henneh IT, Asare G, Ofori-Atta E, Amponsah SK, Appiah-Opong R. Acute Oral Toxicological Profile of Croton membranaceus Mull. Arg. Aqueous Stem Extract, a Herbal Treatment for Benign Prostate Hyperplasia, in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats. J Toxicol 2024; 2024:7526701. [PMID: 38962425 PMCID: PMC11221977 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7526701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Croton membranaceus Mull. Arg. is a traditional medicinal plant frequently employed in Ghana for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. The objective of this study was to determine the acute oral toxicity of the aqueous stem extract of Croton membranaceus (CMASE) in male Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats. The acute toxicity of CMASE was evaluated using S-D rats randomly divided into four groups of five animals each. Three groups (low dose, median dose, and high dose) of rats received single oral doses of CMASE (1000, 2500, and 5000 mg/kg body weight, respectively) using an oral gavage. The control group was given distilled water. After 14 days of daily observations, hematological, biochemical, and histopathological analyses were conducted on the rats. From the results obtained, doses of CMASE up to 5000 mg/kg did not cause death or induce any clinical indications of toxicity during the study period. Also, the mean body weight and the hematological indices assessed were not significantly affected by the various doses of CMASE compared to the control group. However, serum uric acid and creatinine levels decreased significantly (p < 0.001) 14 days after the extract administration. Serum liver function enzyme levels, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferases (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferases (AST), and serum proteins (total proteins and albumin) exhibited significant (p < 0.001) non dose-dependent changes (increases and decreases) in treated groups compared to the controls. Other biochemical indices, however, did not differ significantly between the treated groups and the controls. The gross pathological and histological analysis of the heart, liver, and kidney tissues did not reveal any significant changes in histoarchitecture. The oral LD50 of CMASE in rats was greater than 5000 mg/kg, indicating that the extract was relatively safe. It must, however, be used with care as a substitute for the roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kwame Afriyie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Elvis Ofori Ameyaw
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Isaac Tabiri Henneh
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - George Asare
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ebenezer Ofori-Atta
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Seth Kwabena Amponsah
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Regina Appiah-Opong
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Chu P, Shi J, Dong F, Yang H, Zhao S, Liu G, Zheng H, Liu J, Li H, Lu J. Bacteremia tuberculosis among HIV‐negative children in China. Pediatr Investig 2022; 6:197-206. [PMID: 36203521 PMCID: PMC9523815 DOI: 10.1002/ped4.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health Beijing China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data‐Based Precision Medicine Beihang University & Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Jin Shi
- Department of Tuberculosis Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute Beijing Chest Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Fang Dong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health Beijing China
| | - Hui Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health Beijing China
| | - Shunying Zhao
- Department 2 of Respiratory Medicine Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University National Center for Children's Health Beijing China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health Beijing China
| | - Huyong Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Hematology Oncology Center Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health Beijing China
| | - Jinrong Liu
- Department 2 of Respiratory Medicine Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University National Center for Children's Health Beijing China
| | - Huimin Li
- Department 2 of Respiratory Medicine Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University National Center for Children's Health Beijing China
| | - Jie Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health Beijing China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data‐Based Precision Medicine Beihang University & Capital Medical University Beijing China
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van Weelderen RE, Njuguna F, Klein K, Mostert S, Langat S, Vik TA, Olbara G, Kipng'etich M, Kaspers GJL. Outcomes of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia treatment in Western Kenya. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2021; 5:e1576. [PMID: 34811958 PMCID: PMC9575503 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a challenging disease to treat in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). Literature suggests that survival in LMICs is poorer compared with survival in high‐income countries (HICs). Aims This study evaluates the outcomes of Kenyan children with AML and the impact of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics on outcome. Methods and Results A retrospective medical records study was performed at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH) in Eldoret, Kenya, between January 2010 and December 2018. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes were evaluated. Chemotherapy included two “3 + 7” induction courses with doxorubicin and cytarabine and two “3 + 5” consolidation courses with etoposide and cytarabine. Supportive care included antimicrobial prophylaxis with cotrimoxazole and fluconazole, and blood products, if available. Seventy‐three children with AML were included. The median duration of symptoms before admission at MTRH was 1 month. The median time from admission at MTRH to diagnosis was 6 days and to the start of AML treatment 16 days. Out of the 55 children who were started on chemotherapy, 18 (33%) achieved complete remission, of whom 10 (56%) relapsed. The abandonment rate was 22% and the early death rate was 46%. The 2‐year probabilities of event‐free survival and overall survival were 4% and 7%, respectively. None of the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were significantly associated with outcome. Conclusion Survival of Kenyan children with AML is dismal and considerably lower compared with survival in HICs. Strategies to improve survival should be put in place including better supportive care, optimization of the treatment protocol, and reduction of the abandonment rate and time lag to diagnosis with sooner start of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy E van Weelderen
- Pediatric Oncology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Pediatric Oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Festus Njuguna
- Child Health and Pediatrics, Moi University/Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Kim Klein
- Pediatric Oncology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Mostert
- Pediatric Oncology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Pediatric Oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Langat
- Child Health and Pediatrics, Moi University/Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Terry A Vik
- Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Gilbert Olbara
- Child Health and Pediatrics, Moi University/Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Martha Kipng'etich
- Child Health and Pediatrics, Moi University/Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Gertjan J L Kaspers
- Pediatric Oncology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Pediatric Oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Tran NT, Akkawat B, Morales NP, Rojnuckarin P, Luechapudiporn R. Antiplatelet activity of deferiprone through cyclooxygenase-1 inhibition. Platelets 2019; 31:505-512. [PMID: 31366263 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2019.1648782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Thalassemia patients are susceptible to both iron overload and thromboembolism. Deferiprone is an iron chelator that shows an antiplatelet activity and thus may alleviate platelet hyperactivation in thalassemia. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of deferiprone on normal human platelets. The results illustrated that deferiprone inhibited platelet aggregation at the iron chelating concentrations (0.08-0.25 mmol/l). Deferiprone inhibited human platelet aggregation stimulated by arachidonic acid and ADP more potently than epinephrine and collagen, with the IC50 of 0.24 mmol/l and 0.25 mmol/l vs. 3.36 mmol/l and 3.73 mmol/l, respectively. Interestingly, deferiprone significantly inhibited COX-1 activity, with the IC50 of 0.33 mmol/l, and slightly increased cAMP level at the high concentration of 4 mmol/l. Moreover, the results from molecular docking showed that deferiprone interacted closely with key residues in the peroxidase active site of COX-1. These results suggested that deferiprone possessed antiplatelet activity mainly through the inhibition of COX-1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngan Thi Tran
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Benjaporn Akkawat
- Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Rataya Luechapudiporn
- Natural Products for Ageing and Chronic Diseases Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty ofPharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok, Thailand
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