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Khan MA, Alhayyan H, Aljahdali HH, Rajendram R, Alturaifi D, Jawad M, Alyami SM, Sher H, Almutairi AM, Alghamdi M. A Single-Center Study of the Utility of Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Critically Ill Patients With Haematological Malignancy or Stem Cell Transplants. Cureus 2023; 15:e50296. [PMID: 38205482 PMCID: PMC10776959 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield of bronchoscopy-guided bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and decisions on management of antimicrobials in critically ill patients with hematological malignancy and/or hematological stem cell transplant (HSCT). The safety and tolerance of bronchoscopy were also reported. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted by reviewing health charts of all adult patients with a hematological malignancy and/or an HSCT who were admitted to the intensive care unit and underwent bronchoscopy and BAL over four years from April 2016 to April 2020 at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh. Results: The cohort included 75 critically ill patients. Of these 75 patients, 53 (70.7%) had HSCT (allogenic 66%, autologous 32.1%, haplogenic 3.8%). Computed tomography of the chest was abnormal in all patients. Predominant findings included airspace abnormalities, ground glass opacities, and others. The positive yield was found to be 20% for bacterial, 22% for viral, 21% for fungal, and other organisms were identified in 2%. Although cytology was not performed in 18 patients, malignant cells were identified on BAL in two patients. While the overall mortality of the cohort was high (46.7%), the vast majority (94.7%) tolerated bronchoscopy and BAL without any complications. However, three patients (4%) developed a pneumothorax and one patient bled and developed the acute respiratory distress syndrome post bronchoscopy. CONCLUSIONS BAL can identify and detect microorganisms directly influencing the clinical care of patients who have received non-invasive diagnostic tests that yielded negative culture results. Bronchoscopy and BAL are generally safe and well tolerated by critically ill patients with hematological malignancy or HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ayaz Khan
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh, Riyadh, SAU
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
- Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Hajar Alhayyan
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh, Riyadh, SAU
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Hamdan H Aljahdali
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh, Riyadh, SAU
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
- Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Rajkumar Rajendram
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh, Riyadh, SAU
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
- Research and Development, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Dana Alturaifi
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Muhammad Jawad
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Sami M Alyami
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Hooryia Sher
- Department of Biomedical Science, York University, Toronto, CAN
| | - Ahmed M Almutairi
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Majed Alghamdi
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh, Riyadh, SAU
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