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Varghese R, Pal K, Gota V, Islam MF. Colonic probiotic insufflation: clinical proposal for an economical game-changer for restoration of the gut microbiome in colorectal cancer and beyond. Int J Surg 2024; 110:2515-2519. [PMID: 38348859 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000001192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Varghese
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kavita Pal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vikram Gota
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Md Fokhrul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Mudaliar SB, Poojary SS, Bharath Prasad AS, Mazumder N. Probiotics and Paraprobiotics: Effects on Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis and Their Consequent Potential in Neuropsychiatric Therapy. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10214-6. [PMID: 38294675 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are clinical conditions that affect cognitive function and emotional stability, often resulting from damage or disease in the central nervous system (CNS). These disorders are a worldwide concern, impacting approximately 12.5% of the global population. The gut microbiota has been linked to neurological development and function, implicating its involvement in neuropsychiatric conditions. Due to their interaction with gut microbial communities, probiotics offer a natural alternative to traditional treatments such as therapeutic drugs and interventions for alleviating neuropsychiatric symptoms. Introduced by Metchnikoff in the early 1900s, probiotics are live microorganisms that provide various health benefits, including improved digestion, enhanced sleep quality, and reduced mental problems. However, concerns about their safety, particularly in immunocompromised patients, warrant further investigation; this has led to the concept of "paraprobiotics", inactivated forms of beneficial microorganisms that offer a safer alternative. This review begins by exploring different methods of inactivation, each targeting specific cellular components like DNA or proteins. The choice of inactivation method is crucial, as the health benefits may vary depending on the conditions employed for inactivation. The subsequent sections focus on the potential mechanisms of action and specific applications of probiotics and paraprobiotics in neuropsychiatric therapy. Probiotics and paraprobiotics interact with gut microbes, modulating the gut microbial composition and alleviating gut dysbiosis. The resulting neuropsychiatric benefits primarily stem from the gut-brain axis, a bidirectional communication channel involving various pathways discussed in the review. While further research is needed, probiotics and paraprobiotics are promising therapeutic agents for the management of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samriti Balaji Mudaliar
- Department of Public Health & Genomics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Sumith Sundara Poojary
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Alevoor Srinivas Bharath Prasad
- Department of Public Health & Genomics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| | - Nirmal Mazumder
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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Ramirez-Olea H, Herrera-Cruz S, Chavez-Santoscoy RA. Microencapsulation and controlled release of Bacillus clausii through a novel non-digestible carbohydrate formulation as revolutionizing probiotic delivery. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24923. [PMID: 38304817 PMCID: PMC10830856 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have gained significant attention in recent years due to the growing awareness of physical health and well-being. However, maintaining high concentrations of probiotics throughout the product's shelf life and during the gastrointestinal tract is crucial for ensuring their health-promoting effects. After determining an optimal formulation through a fractional factorial model, this study optimizes probiotic Bacillus Clausii delivery through spray-drying microencapsulation using a novel maltodextrin-alginate-inulin (MDX-ALG-IN) formulation (optimized ratio: 7:2:1). Notably, this formulation exclusively comprises non-digestible carbohydrates, marking a novel approach in probiotic encapsulation. Achieving a high Product Yield (51.06 %) and Encapsulation Efficiency (80.53 %), the study employed SEM for morphological analysis, revealing an irregular form and extensive surface in dentations characteristic of maltodextrin involvement. With a low moisture content of 3.02 % (±0.23 %) and 90.52 % solubility, the powder displayed exceptional properties. Probiotic viability remained robust, surviving up to 60 % even after 180 days at 4 °C, 25 °C, and 37 °C. Thermal characterization unveiled microcapsule resilience, exhibiting a glass transition temperature (Tg) at 138.61 °C and a melting point of 177.28 °C. The study systematically addresses crucial aspects of microencapsulation, including formulation optimization, morphological characteristics, and powder properties. Notably, the MDX-ALG-IN microcapsules demonstrated stability in simulated gastrointestinal conditions, indicating potential application for supplements and complex food matrices. In summary, this research contributes to microencapsulation understanding, emphasizing the MDX-ALG-IN formulation's efficacy in preserving probiotic viability across production stages and simulated digestive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Ramirez-Olea
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada, 2501 Sur, C. P. 64849 Monterrey, N. L., Mexico
| | - Sebastian Herrera-Cruz
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada, 2501 Sur, C. P. 64849 Monterrey, N. L., Mexico
| | - Rocio Alejandra Chavez-Santoscoy
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada, 2501 Sur, C. P. 64849 Monterrey, N. L., Mexico
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Sun J, Cai W, Wang Y, Niu H, Chen X, Han X. The Effect of Decreased Ca ++/Mg ++ ATPase Activity on Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus sp1.1 Survival during Spray Drying. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040787. [PMID: 36832862 PMCID: PMC9955740 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared with the commonly used technique of freeze-drying, spray drying has lower energy costs. However, spray drying also has a fatal disadvantage: a lower survival rate. In this study, the survival of bacteria in a spray-drying tower decreased as the water content was reduced. The water content of 21.10% was the critical point for spray drying Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (L. bulgaricus) sp1.1 based on sampling in the tower. Based on the relationship between the moisture content of spray drying and the survival rate, the water content of 21.10% was also the critical point for the change in the survival rate during spray drying. Proteomic analysis was used to investigate the reasons for L. bulgaricus sp1.1 inactivation during and after spray drying. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment revealed that differentially expressed proteins were mainly associated with the cell membrane and transport. In particular, proteins related to metal ion transport included those involved in the transport of potassium, calcium and magnesium ions. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network revealed that Ca++/Mg++ adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) may be a key protein. Ca++/Mg++ ATPase activity decreased substantially during spray drying (p < 0.05). Supplementation with Ca++ and Mg++ significantly increased the expression of ATPase-related genes and enzyme activity (p < 0.05). The Ca++/Mg++ ATPase activity of L. bulgaricus sp1.1 was enhanced by increasing the intracellular Ca++ or Mg++ concentration, thus increasing the survival of spray-dried LAB. Bacterial survival rates were increased to 43.06% with the addition of Ca++ and to 42.64% with the addition of Mg++, respectively. Ca++/Mg++ ATPase may be the key to the damage observed in spray-dried bacteria. Furthermore, the addition of Ca++ or Mg++ also reduced bacterial injury during spray drying by enhancing the activity of Ca++/Mg++ ATPase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xue Han
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-133-1365-9156
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Ahlawat A, Basak S, Ananthanarayan L. Formulation of a probiotic buttermilk powder using cell protectants by spray drying and estimation of its shelf-stability. Int Dairy J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2023.105616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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6
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Tirta GD, Martin L, Bani MD, Kho K, Pramanda IT, Pui LP, How YH, Lim CSY, Devanthi PVP. Spray Drying Encapsulation of Pediococcus acidilactici at Different Inlet Air Temperatures and Wall Material Ratios. Foods 2022; 12:foods12010165. [PMID: 36613381 PMCID: PMC9818494 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediococcus acidilactici has gained research and commercial interest due to its outstanding probiotic properties, yet its survival during storage and consumption requires improvement. This study aims to enhance P. acidilactici survival using spray drying encapsulation. Different inlet air temperatures (120 °C, 150 °C, and 170 °C) and whey protein isolate (WPI):gum arabic (GA) ratios (1:1, 3:1, 1:3) were tested. Cell viability was significantly (p < 0.05) affected by the inlet temperature but not the WPI:GA ratio. Increasing the inlet temperature to 170 °C significantly decreased P. acidilactici viability by 1.36 log cycles, from 8.61 log CFU/g to 7.25 log CFU/g. The inlet temperature of 150 °C resulted in a powder yield (63.12%) higher than at 120 °C (58.97%), as well as significantly (p < 0.05) lower moisture content (5.71%) and water activity (aw 0.21). Viable cell counts in all encapsulated P. acidilactici were maintained at 5.24−6.75 log CFU/g after gastrointestinal tract (GIT) simulation, with WPI:GA of 3:1 and inlet temperature 150 °C having the smallest log reduction (0.3 log cycles). All samples containing different WPI:GA ratios maintained sufficient viability (>7 log CFU/g) during the first three weeks of storage at 25 °C. These results could provide insights for further developing P. acidilactici as commercial probiotic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Devina Tirta
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences, Pulomas Barat Kavling 88, Jakarta 13210, Indonesia
| | - Leon Martin
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences, Pulomas Barat Kavling 88, Jakarta 13210, Indonesia
| | - Mario Donald Bani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences, Pulomas Barat Kavling 88, Jakarta 13210, Indonesia
| | - Katherine Kho
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences, Pulomas Barat Kavling 88, Jakarta 13210, Indonesia
| | - Ihsan Tria Pramanda
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences, Pulomas Barat Kavling 88, Jakarta 13210, Indonesia
| | - Liew Phing Pui
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Yu Hsuan How
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Crystale Siew Ying Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Putu Virgina Partha Devanthi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences, Pulomas Barat Kavling 88, Jakarta 13210, Indonesia
- Correspondence:
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Qiaoling Z, Lili M, Jinqi C, Ruoru Z, Jingjing E, Caiqing Y, Ruixue W, Junguo W. Effects of the repair treatment on improving the heat resistance of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LIP-1. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2022.103251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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8
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Exploring the integrity of cellular membrane and resistance to digestive juices of dehydrated lactic acid bacteria as influenced by drying kinetics. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Application of Spray Dried Encapsulated Probiotics in Functional Food Formulations. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-022-02803-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Nguyen TT, Nguyen PT, Nguyen TBN, Bui NB, Nguyen HT. Efficacy of the incorporation between self-encapsulation and cryoprotectants on improving the freeze-dried survival of probiotic bacteria. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:3217-3225. [PMID: 35119770 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to improve the viability of probiotic bacteria during freeze-drying by the combination of self-encapsulation and cryoprotectants. METHODS AND RESULTS Lactiplantibacillus plantarum VAL6 and Lactobacillus acidophilus VAR1 were exposed to environmental stresses including temperature, pH, and increased CO2 concentration before performing freeze-drying with the addition of cryoprotectants. The results proved that tested stresses can stimulate the bacteria to synthesize more extracellular polymeric substances to form self-encapsulation that increases their freeze-dried viability. In combination with cryoprotectants to form double-layered microencapsulation, L. plantarum VAL6 stressed at pH 3.5 in combination with whey protein isolate could achieve the highest Improving Cell Viability of 4,361 fold, while L. acidophilus VAR1 stressed at 25o C in combination with alginate gave a maximum Improving Cell Viability of 73.33 fold. CONCLUSIONS The combination of self-encapsulation and cryoprotectants significantly improves the freeze-dried viability of probiotics. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first report that uses environmental stress to stimulate EPS synthesis for self-encapsulation formation combined with the addition of cryoprotectants to enhance to the freeze-dried survival of probiotics. This could be a novel approach in improving the viability of probiotic strains for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phu-Tho Nguyen
- Graduate University of Sciences and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Department of Biotechnology, An Giang University, Vietnam.,Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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- Can Tho Science and Technology Application Center, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | | | - Nhi-Binh Bui
- Can Tho Science and Technology Application Center, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Huu-Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Biotechnology, An Giang University, Vietnam.,Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Microbial contaminants in powdered infant formula: what is the impact of spray-drying on microbial inactivation? Curr Opin Food Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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12
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Nader-Macías MEF, De Gregorio PR, Silva JA. Probiotic lactobacilli in formulas and hygiene products for the health of the urogenital tract. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00787. [PMID: 34609059 PMCID: PMC8491456 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacilli are the predominant microorganisms of the healthy human vagina. A novel alternative for the prevention and treatment of female urogenital tract infections (UGTI) is the inclusion of these microorganisms as active pharmaceutical ingredients in probiotic formulas, and more recently in female hygienic products. Probiotics are defined as “live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host.” A list of requirements must be considered during the development of probiotic product/formula for the female urogenital tract (UGT). This review aims to resume the requirements, probiotic characteristics, and clinical trial applied to determine the effect of probiotic and potentially probiotic strains on different woman’s physiological and pathological conditions, and in preterm birth prevention. A revision of female hygienic products available in the world market is included, together with novel studies applying nanotechnology for Lactobacillus incorporation in hygienic products. Further studies and well‐designed clinical trials are urgently required to complement the current knowledge and applications of probiotics in the female UGT. The use of probiotic formulas and products will improve and restore the ecological equilibrium of the UGT microbiome to prevent and treat UGTI in women under different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Fátima Nader-Macías
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Priscilla Romina De Gregorio
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Jessica Alejandra Silva
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
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Li N, Li X, Yang P, Liu H, Kong L, Yu X. Microencapsulation of Fe2+ in Spray-Dried Lactose for Improved Bioavailability. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2021; 2021:5840852. [PMID: 34567097 PMCID: PMC8457961 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5840852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of spray drying technology has been widely used for drying and preservation of food products. Though infant milk powder iron fortification is necessary for infants and children, iron fortification is accompanied by some limitations that reduce its quality and oxidation of Fe2+ into Fe3+, causing sensory problems and even a decrease in iron absorption, which does not meet the normal requirements of infant and child body development. To overcome this adverse effect and to improve the bioavailability of iron, a spray drying method was used to simulate the milk powder production process by codrying a mixture of ascorbic acid and ferrous sulfate, where ascorbic acid was uniformly coated on the outer layer of ferrous sulfate. It was demonstrated that ascorbic acid had a very obvious inhibitory effect on the oxidation of ferrous iron and could maintain the stability of ferrous iron in solid and solution for a long time, thus improving the bioavailability of iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Center of Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 79 Duolun Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Xu Li
- Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drugs Research and Development Center of Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 79 Duolun Road,Heping District, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Center of Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 79 Duolun Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 79 Duolun Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Lingyu Kong
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Center of Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 79 Duolun Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Xiaomeng Yu
- Experimental Animal Center of Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2 Wanquan Road, Hepign District, Tianjin 300020, China
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Inorganic Additive Improves the Survival of the Probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 During Spray Drying, Rehydration, and Storage. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:3863-3871. [PMID: 34508271 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02648-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In previous in vitro studies, an inorganic additive (MCM3) showed a thermo-protective effect on the cell viability of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 (Lr-CRL1505). In this work, cultures of this probiotic strain were spray dried at lab scale using two carriers: maltodextrin (powder MA) and maltodextrin plus MCM3 (powder MA/MCM3). The cell survival was higher in powder MA/MCM3 (72.8%) than in powder MA (42.8%). Different rehydration media, including the additive MCM3, and two temperatures (37 °C and 45 °C) were evaluated. The best results were obtained in cells rehydrated at 37 °C in MCM3. During the storage of the powders, the highest cell counts were observed in the MA/MCM3 powder. Our results demonstrated that the presence of MCM3 in the carrier and in reconstitution media benefits the spray drying process and the recovery of dehydrated cells. Thus, the use of this additive of inorganic nature and low cost represents a promising technological alternative.
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Sharma G, Sharma M, Sood R, Neelamraju J, Lakshmi SG, Madempudi RS, Rishi P, Kaur IP. Self-preserving gelatin emulgel containing whole cell probiotic for topical use: preclinical safety, efficacy, and germination studies. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:1777-1789. [PMID: 34176401 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1947239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermal disorders, owing to disruption of skin-microflora balance can be served by direct application of probiotics. However, there are few topical whole probiotic products in market because of (i) loss of viability during manufacturing and storage(ii) inadequate germination and retention on skin. Presently we report a novel (IPA 201811010395) emulgel incorporatingBacillus coagulans (Unique IS-2) for possible topical use. METHODS Developed emulgel was characterized for particle size, texture, rheology, morphology, water activity, self-preservation, safety, and stability. RESULTS We successfully incorporated 97 ± 5% (1.7×108CFU/g) Bacillus coagulans in honeycomb network of gelatin nanoparticles (≈600 nm). Maintenance of CFU at 30 ± 2°C, 65 ± 5% RH for 3 months confirmed viability of incorporated probiotic. Low water-activity (0.66-0.732aw) and challenge test (0.05-0.5% viability) confirmed its self-preserving nature. Early initiation (6 h) and complete (24 h) spore germination was evident onrabbit skin. No cytotoxicity, dermal irritation or translocation established its safety. Faster wound closure and reduced oxidative stress (LPO, catalase, SOD, glutathione reductase) in comparison to Soframycin® (1%w/w Framycetin) was observed in excision wound in mice. CONCLUSIONS A whole cell probiotic formulation that is self-preserving, maintains probiotic viability, guarantees germination, and has wound healing properties was successfully formulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Sharma
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manuhaar Sharma
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rishav Sood
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | | | - Praveen Rishi
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Indu Pal Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Wang A, Lin J, Zhong Q. Enteric rice protein-shellac composite coating to enhance the viability of probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius NRRL B-30514. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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18
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Salminen S, Collado MC, Endo A, Hill C, Lebeer S, Quigley EMM, Sanders ME, Shamir R, Swann JR, Szajewska H, Vinderola G. The International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of postbiotics. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:649-667. [PMID: 33948025 PMCID: PMC8387231 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00440-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 609] [Impact Index Per Article: 203.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In 2019, the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) convened a panel of experts specializing in nutrition, microbial physiology, gastroenterology, paediatrics, food science and microbiology to review the definition and scope of postbiotics. The term 'postbiotics' is increasingly found in the scientific literature and on commercial products, yet is inconsistently used and lacks a clear definition. The purpose of this panel was to consider the scientific, commercial and regulatory parameters encompassing this emerging term, propose a useful definition and thereby establish a foundation for future developments. The panel defined a postbiotic as a "preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confers a health benefit on the host". Effective postbiotics must contain inactivated microbial cells or cell components, with or without metabolites, that contribute to observed health benefits. The panel also discussed existing evidence of health-promoting effects of postbiotics, potential mechanisms of action, levels of evidence required to meet the stated definition, safety and implications for stakeholders. The panel determined that a definition of postbiotics is useful so that scientists, clinical triallists, industry, regulators and consumers have common ground for future activity in this area. A generally accepted definition will hopefully lead to regulatory clarity and promote innovation and the development of new postbiotic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seppo Salminen
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- grid.419051.80000 0001 1945 7738Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Akihito Endo
- grid.410772.70000 0001 0807 3368Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Colin Hill
- grid.7872.a0000000123318773School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland ,grid.7872.a0000000123318773APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sarah Lebeer
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eamonn M. M. Quigley
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lynda K and David M Underwood Center for Digestive Disorders, Houston Methodist Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX USA
| | - Mary Ellen Sanders
- International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics, Centennial, CO USA
| | - Raanan Shamir
- grid.414231.10000 0004 0575 3167Institute of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children’s Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel ,grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jonathan R. Swann
- grid.5491.90000 0004 1936 9297School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK ,grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hania Szajewska
- grid.13339.3b0000000113287408Department of Paediatrics, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gabriel Vinderola
- grid.10798.370000 0001 2172 9456Instituto de Lactología Industrial (CONICET-UNL), Faculty of Chemical Engineering, National University of Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
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19
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Nonlinear Model-Based Inferential Control of Moisture Content of Spray Dried Coconut Milk. Foods 2020; 9:foods9091177. [PMID: 32858797 PMCID: PMC7554975 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The moisture content of a powder is a parameter crucial to be controlled in order to produce stable products with a long shelf life. Inferential control is the best solution to control the moisture content due to difficulty in measuring this variable online. In this study, fundamental and empirical approaches were used in designing the nonlinear model-based inferential control of moisture content of coconut milk powder that was produced from co-current spray dryer. A one-dimensional model with integration of reaction engineering approach (REA) model was used to represent the dynamic of the spray drying process. The empirical approach, i.e., nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous input (NARX) and neural network, was used to allow fast and accurate prediction of output response in inferential control. Minimal offset (<0.0003 kg/kg) of the responses at various set points indicate high accuracy of the neural network estimator. The nonlinear model-based inferential control was able to provide stable control response at wider process operating conditions and acceptable disturbance rejection. Nevertheless, the performance of the controller depends on the tuning rules used.
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20
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Wang Y, Hao F, Lu W, Suo X, Bellenger E, Fu N, Jeantet R, Chen XD. Enhanced thermal stability of lactic acid bacteria during spray drying by intracellular accumulation of calcium. J FOOD ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2020.109975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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21
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Silva JA, Marchesi A, Wiese B, Nader-Macias MEF. Screening of autochthonous vaginal beneficial lactobacilli strains by their growth at high temperatures for technological applications. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2020; 113:1393-1409. [PMID: 32725571 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-020-01431-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The pharmaceutical industry shows an emerging interest in formulas that contain live and beneficial microorganisms, also known as probiotics or pharmabiotics, which in many cases, are host-specific. The resistance to higher temperature is an essential feature of these microorganisms when working on the design of products for vaginal formula. In order to obtain a high number of viable cells and a prolonged shelf life in the designed product, it is required to apply technological procedures using high temperatures or abrupt changes of them, which result in conditions that are different from the optimal growth temperature and can affect the metabolic capabilities of the bacteria when administered to the host in order to reestablish the ecological mucosa. The aim of this work was to evaluate the behavior of 30 different species and strains of autochthonous beneficial vaginal lactobacilli (BVL) when exposed to high temperatures, determine their survival capabilities and analyze their pre-adaptation to those temperatures, in order that they still maintain their viability after technological processes and further conservation. BVL were exhibited to temperatures higher than optimal, with the purpose of evaluating their growth kinetics and parameters. Later, they were exposed to higher temperatures, and then, returned to their optimal, to determine if they were able to grow again. The strains that showed higher resistance were selected, and their viability and beneficial properties studied further. The growth kinetics of strains exposed to higher temperatures showed different patterns, which provided evidence that the thermal adaptation is strain-dependent and is not related to any particular species and/or metabolic group in which the strains were taxonomically classified. The pre-adaptive step allowed the growth of some of the strains, preserving their viability and probiotic properties after the high temperatures were applied. The results shows that BVL can be exposed to high temperatures used in different technological processes that are applied for pharmabiotic formulations, such as spray dried or vacuum rotary evaporation, and/or during the conservation period. The results obtained indicate that some specific BVL strains resist high temperatures and grow afterwards at optimal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Birgitt Wiese
- Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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22
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Intermingling of gut microbiota with brain: Exploring the role of probiotics in battle against depressive disorders. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109489. [PMID: 33233143 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a debilitating psychiatric ailment which exerts disastrous effects on one's mental and physical health. Depression is accountable for augmentation of various life-threatening maladies such as neurodegenerative anomalies, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Depressive episodes are recurrent, pose a negative impact on life quality, decline life expectancy and enhance suicidal tendencies. Anti-depression chemotherapy displays marked adverse effects and frequent relapses. Thus, newer therapeutic interventions to prevent or combat depression are desperately required. Discovery of gut microbes as our mutualistic partner was made a long time ago and it is surprising that their functions still continue to expand and as of yet many are still to be uncovered. Experimental studies have revealed astonishing role of gut commensals in gut-brain signaling, immune homeostasis and hormonal regulation. Now, it is a well-established fact that gut microbes can alleviate stress or depression associated symptoms by modulating brain functions. Here in, we provide an overview of physiological alleyways involved in cross-talk between gut and brain, part played by probiotics in regulation of these pathways and use of probiotic bacteria as psychobiotics in various mental or depressive disorders.
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23
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Wang A, Lin J, Zhong Q. Probiotic powders prepared by mixing suspension of Lactobacillus salivarius NRRL B-30514 and spray-dried lactose: Physical and microbiological properties. Food Res Int 2019; 127:108706. [PMID: 31882097 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Preparation of powdered probiotics is important for storage and application. In this work, a novel method to prepare powdered probiotic ingredients was studied by mixing a Lactobacillus salivarius NRRL B-30514 suspension with amorphous spray-dried lactose at suspension: lactose (v:w) ratios (SLR) of 1:5, 1:15, and 1:25. The simple procedure resulted in lactose-probiotics powders (LPPs) with greater probiotic viability initially and during subsequent 6-month storage at a smaller SLR. In LPPs with SLRs of 1:5 and 1:15, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy results indicated the formation of lactose crystals, and BacLight® assay suggested the significantly lowered membrane integrity of probiotics due to hypertonic pressure of lactose dissolved in excessive water. A viable but non-culturable state of L. salivarius in LPPs may exist based on the BacLight® and CTC reduction assays. The present study may provide a novel approach to prepare powdered probiotic ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyi Wang
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Qixin Zhong
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
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24
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Terpou A, Papadaki A, Lappa IK, Kachrimanidou V, Bosnea LA, Kopsahelis N. Probiotics in Food Systems: Significance and Emerging Strategies Towards Improved Viability and Delivery of Enhanced Beneficial Value. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1591. [PMID: 31337060 PMCID: PMC6683253 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Preserving the efficacy of probiotic bacteria exhibits paramount challenges that need to be addressed during the development of functional food products. Several factors have been claimed to be responsible for reducing the viability of probiotics including matrix acidity, level of oxygen in products, presence of other lactic acid bacteria, and sensitivity to metabolites produced by other competing bacteria. Several approaches are undertaken to improve and sustain microbial cell viability, like strain selection, immobilization technologies, synbiotics development etc. Among them, cell immobilization in various carriers, including composite carrier matrix systems has recently attracted interest targeting to protect probiotics from different types of environmental stress (e.g., pH and heat treatments). Likewise, to successfully deliver the probiotics in the large intestine, cells must survive food processing and storage, and withstand the stress conditions encountered in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Hence, the appropriate selection of probiotics and their effective delivery remains a technological challenge with special focus on sustaining the viability of the probiotic culture in the formulated product. Development of synbiotic combinations exhibits another approach of functional food to stimulate the growth of probiotics. The aim of the current review is to summarize the strategies and the novel techniques adopted to enhance the viability of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Terpou
- Food Biotechnology Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Papadaki
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ionian University, Argostoli, 28100 Kefalonia, Greece
| | - Iliada K Lappa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ionian University, Argostoli, 28100 Kefalonia, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Kachrimanidou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ionian University, Argostoli, 28100 Kefalonia, Greece
| | - Loulouda A Bosnea
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization DEMETER, Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Dairy Department, Katsikas, 45221 Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos Kopsahelis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ionian University, Argostoli, 28100 Kefalonia, Greece.
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25
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Castillo-Escandón V, Fernández-Michel SG, Cueto- Wong MC, Ramos-Clamont Montfort G. Criterios y estrategias tecnológicas para la incorporación y supervivencia de probióticos en frutas, cereales y sus derivados. TIP REVISTA ESPECIALIZADA EN CIENCIAS QUÍMICO-BIOLÓGICAS 2019. [DOI: 10.22201/fesz.23958723e.2019.0.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Los alimentos a los que se les añaden probióticos (bacterias benéficas) constituyen uno de los sectores más importantes de los alimentos funcionales. Los productos lácteos son los principales vehículos para estas bacterias que producen un efecto benéfico a la salud, cuando se consumen vivas y en cantidades suficientes para adherirse al colon. Sin embargo, cada día crece el interés por desarrollar alimentos no lácteos como vehículo para probióticos. Los productos de origen vegetal son una buena alternativa para estas innovaciones. Tienen la ventaja de que son muy aceptados y accesibles para la población. Adicionalmente, representan una alternativa de consumo para poblaciones con dietas restringidas. Sin embargo, la incorporación de probióticos a estos productos requiere considerar varios criterios y vencer retos tecnológicos con la finalidad de conservarlos funcionalmente activos.
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26
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Douillard FP, de Vos WM. Biotechnology of health-promoting bacteria. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107369. [PMID: 30876799 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, there has been an increasing scientific and public interest in bacteria that may positively contribute to human gut health and well-being. This interest is reflected by the ever-increasing number of developed functional food products containing health-promoting bacteria and reaching the market place as well as by the growing revenue and profits of notably bacterial supplements worldwide. Traditionally, the origin of probiotic-marketed bacteria was limited to a rather small number of bacterial species that mostly belong to lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. Intensifying research efforts on the human gut microbiome offered novel insights into the role of human gut microbiota in health and disease, while also providing a deep and increasingly comprehensive understanding of the bacterial communities present in this complex ecosystem and their interactions with the gut-liver-brain axis. This resulted in rational and systematic approaches to select novel health-promoting bacteria or to engineer existing bacteria with enhanced probiotic properties. In parallel, the field of gut microbiomics developed into a fertile framework for the identification, isolation and characterization of a phylogenetically diverse array of health-promoting bacterial species, also called next-generation therapeutic bacteria. The present review will address these developments with specific attention for the selection and improvement of a selected number of health-promoting bacterial species and strains that are extensively studied or hold promise for future food or pharma product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- François P Douillard
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Willem M de Vos
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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