Consolidated Bioprocessing Systems for Cellulosic Biofuel Production

Application of microbial resources in biorefineries: Current trend and future prospects

The recent growing interest in sustainable and alternative sources of energy and bio-based products has driven the paradigm shift to an integrated model termed "biorefinery." Biorefinery framework implements the concepts of novel eco-technologies and eco-efficient processes for the sustainable production of energy and value-added biomolecules. The utilization of microbial resources for the production of various value-added products has been documented in the literatures. However, the appointment of these microbial resources in integrated resource management requires a better understanding of their status. The main of aim of this review is to provide an overview on the defined positioning and overall contribution of the microbial resources, i.e., algae, fungi and bacteria, for various bioprocesses and generation of multiple products from a single biorefinery. By utilizing waste material as a feedstock, biofuels can be generated by microalgae while sequestering environmental carbon and producing value added compounds as by-products. In parallel, fungal biorefineries are prolific producers of lignocellulose degrading enzymes along with pharmaceutically important novel products. Conversely, bacterial biorefineries emerge as a preferred platform for the transformation of standard cells into proficient bio-factories, developing chassis and turbo cells for enhanced target compound production. This comprehensive review is poised to offer an intricate exploration of the current trends, obstacles, and prospective pathways of microbial biorefineries, for the development of future biorefineries.

Engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae for efficient production of recombinant proteins

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an excellent microbial cell factory for producing valuable recombinant proteins because of its fast growth rate, robustness, biosafety, ease of operability via mature genomic modification technologies, and the presence of a conserved post-translational modification pathway among eukaryotic organisms. However, meeting industrial and market requirements with the current low microbial production of recombinant proteins can be challenging. To address this issue, numerous efforts have been made to enhance the ability of yeast cell factories to efficiently produce proteins. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances in S. cerevisiae engineering to improve recombinant protein production. This review focuses on the strategies that enhance protein production by regulating transcription through promoter engineering, codon optimization, and expression system optimization. Additionally, we describe modifications to the secretory pathway, including engineered protein translocation, protein folding, glycosylation modification, and vesicle trafficking. Furthermore, we discuss global metabolic pathway optimization and other relevant strategies, such as the disruption of protein degradation, cell wall engineering, and random mutagenesis. Finally, we provide an outlook on the developmental trends in this field, offering insights into future directions for improving recombinant protein production in S. cerevisiae.