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Akintola O, Farren-Dai M, Ren W, Bhosale S, Britton R, Świderek K, Moliner V, Bennet AJ. Glycoside Hydrolase Catalysis: Do Substrates and Mechanism-Based Covalent Inhibitors React via Matching Transition States? ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafemi Akintola
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British ColumbiaV5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Marco Farren-Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British ColumbiaV5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Weiwu Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British ColumbiaV5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Sandeep Bhosale
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British ColumbiaV5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Robert Britton
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British ColumbiaV5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Katarzyna Świderek
- BioComp Group, Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12071Castellón, Spain
| | - Vicent Moliner
- BioComp Group, Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12071Castellón, Spain
| | - Andrew J. Bennet
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British ColumbiaV5A 1S6, Canada
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Quirke JCK, Crich D. GH47 and Other Glycoside Hydrolases Catalyze Glycosidic Bond Cleavage with the Assistance of Substrate Super-arming at the Transition State. ACS Catal 2021; 11:10308-10315. [PMID: 34777906 PMCID: PMC8579916 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Super-armed glycosyl donors, whose substituents are predominantly held in pseudoaxial positions, exhibit strongly increased reactivity in glycosylation through significant stabilization of oxocarbenium-like transition states. Examination of X-ray crystal structures reveals that the GH47 family of glycoside hydrolases have evolved so as to distort their substrates away from the ground state conformation in such a manner as to present multiple C-O bonds in pseudoaxial positions and so benefit from conformational super-arming of their substrates, thereby enhancing catalysis. Through analysis of literature mutagenic studies, we show that a suitably placed aromatic residue in GHs 6 and 47 sterically enforces super-armed conformations on their substrates. GH families 45, 81, and 134 on the other hand impose conformational super-arming on their substrates, by maintaining the more active ring conformation through hydrogen bonding rather than steric interactions. The recognition of substrate super-arming by select GH families provides a further parallel with synthetic carbohydrate chemistry and nature and opens further avenues for the design of improved glycosidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C K Quirke
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - David Crich
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Akintola O, Ren W, Adabala PJP, Bhosale S, Wang Y, Ganga-Sah Y, Britton R, Bennet AJ. Intrinsic Nucleophilicity of Inverting and Retaining Glycoside Hydrolases Revealed Using Carbasugar Glyco-Tools. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafemi Akintola
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Weiwu Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Pal John Pal Adabala
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Sandeep Bhosale
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Yumeela Ganga-Sah
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Robert Britton
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Bennet
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
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Quirke JCK, Crich D. Side Chain Conformation Restriction in the Catalysis of Glycosidic Bond Formation by Leloir Glycosyltransferases, Glycoside Phosphorylases, and Transglycosidases. ACS Catal 2021; 11:5069-5078. [PMID: 34367723 PMCID: PMC8336929 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate side chain conformation is an important factor in the control of reactivity at the anomeric center, ie, in the making and breaking of glycosidic bonds, whether chemically or, for hydrolysis, by glycoside hydrolases. In nature glycosidic bond formation is catalyzed out by glycosyltransferases (GTs), glycoside phosphoryases, and transglycosidases. By analysis of 118 crystal structures of sugar nucleotide dependent (Leloir) GTs, 136 crystal structures of glycoside phosphorylases, and 54 crystal structures of transglycosidases bound to hexopyranosides or their analogs at the donor site (-1 site), we determined that most enzymes that catalyze glycoside synthesis, be they GTs, glycoside phosphorylases or transglycosidases, restrict their substrate side chains to the most reactive gauche,gauche (gg) conformation to achieve maximum stabilization of the oxocarbenium ion-like transition state for glycosyl transfer. The galactose series deviates from this trend, with α-galactosyltransferases preferentially restricting their substrates to the second-most reactive gauche,trans (gt) conformation, and β-galactosyltransferases favoring the least reactive trans,gauche (tg) conformation. This insight will help progress the design and development of improved, conformationally-restricted GT inhibitors that take advantage of these inherent side chain preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C. K. Quirke
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - David Crich
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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