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Gkountouras D, Boti V, Albanis T. Pesticides and transformation products footprint in Greek market basket vegetables: Comprehensive screening by HRMS and health risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 953:176085. [PMID: 39250977 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Healthy dietary habits encourage vegetable consumption. Although pesticide use in crops may negatively affect human health through food intake, it can also contaminate aquatic and terrestrial environments. Thus, monitoring pesticides in high-consumption matrices is crucial. This study conducted a complete workflow of analysis, including a step of target analysis of 30 widely used pesticides and a subsequent step of suspect screening. A validated QuEChERS method was employed to analyze 61 samples of fruiting vegetables and cucurbits, packaged leafy greens, and root and tuber vegetables, commercially distributed across Greece. The method proved to be highly efficient for all validation characteristics. After target analysis, the change in the residue levels detected during sample processing was evaluated as a case study using available literature data. A health risk assessment based on diet indicated acute and chronic hazard quotients (aHQ and cHQ) and chronic hazard index (cHI) values below 1. Concerning suspect screening, 53 additional identifications of pesticides and transformation products (TPs) were revealed, totaling 86 detections. Overall, 18 parent pesticide compounds and 5 TPs were identified. Ultimately, this approach is expected to provide added value in pesticide and TPs analysis of food matrices without prior data, minimizing experimental time and costs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasiliki Boti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Ioannina 45110, Greece.
| | - Triantafyllos Albanis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Ioannina 45110, Greece
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2
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Kaddah MMY, Billig S, Oehme R, Birkemeyer C. Bio-activation of simeprevir in liver microsomes and characterization of its glutathione conjugates by liquid chromatography coupled to ultrahigh-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1645:462095. [PMID: 33857675 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole and, alternatively, to an ultrahigh-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight (UHR-QqTOF) mass spectrometers was used to collect qualitative and quantitative information from incubations of the anti-hepatitis C drug simeprevir with human and rat liver microsomes, respectively, supplemented with NADPH and glutathione. For this, different chromatographic methods using two different chromatographic columns, Kinetex® 2.6 µm C18 (50 × 3 mm) and Atlantis T3 (100 Å, 3 µm, 4.6 mm × 150 mm), have been employed. For determination and structural characterization of the reactive metabolites, we used information obtained from high-resolution mass spectrometry, namely accurate mass data to calculate the elemental composition, accurate MS/MS fragmentation patterns for confirmation of structural proposals, and the high mass spectral resolution to eliminate false-positive peaks. In this study, the use of high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) enabled the identification of 19 simeprevir metabolites generated by O- respectively N-demethylation, oxidation, dehydrogenation, hydrolysis, and formation of glutathione conjugates. The in silico study provides insights into the sites of simeprevir most amenable to reactions involving cytochrome P450. The developed methods have been successfully applied to analyze simeprevir and its metabolites simultaneously; based on this data, potential metabolic pathways of simeprevir are discussed. In general, the obtained results demonstrate that simeprevir is susceptible to form reactive simeprevir-glutathione adducts and cyclopropansulfonamide, which may explain the implication of simeprevir in idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions (IADRs) or hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Y Kaddah
- Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Center, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Susan Billig
- Research Group of Mass Spectrometry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Linnèstr. 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ramona Oehme
- Research Group of Mass Spectrometry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Linnèstr. 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Birkemeyer
- Research Group of Mass Spectrometry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Linnèstr. 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Rajski Ł, Petromelidou S, Díaz-Galiano FJ, Ferrer C, Fernández-Alba AR. Improving the simultaneous target and non-target analysis LC-amenable pesticide residues using high speed Orbitrap mass spectrometry with combined multiple acquisition modes. Talanta 2021; 228:122241. [PMID: 33773743 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) for the simultaneous target and non-target analysis of pesticide residues in food control is a subject that has been studied over the last decade. However, proving its efficacy compared to the more established triple quadrupole mass spectrometers (QQQ-MS2) is challenging. Various HRMS platforms have been evaluated, seemingly showing this approach not to be as effective as QQQ-MS2 for quantitative analysis, especially in routine food testing laboratories. The two main reasons are (i) the lower sensitivity especially in the case of the fragment ions produced and (ii) the lack of familiarity and an understanding of the most appropriate combination of HRMS acquisition modes to use. In fact, the number of different acquisition modes can appear as a puzzle to inexperienced users. This work was therefore focused on obtaining experimental data to gain a better understanding of the extended acquisition capabilities of a new Q-Orbitrap platform. Experimental data were obtained for 244 pesticides and their degradation products in commodities of varying matrix complexity (tomato, onion, avocado, and orange) using various combinations of acquisition modes. The best results for targeted analysis were obtained with a combination of full scan (FS), all-ions fragmentation (AIF) and target MS2 (tMS2) modes, and for non-target analysis using full scan (FS) and data-dependent MS2 (ddMS2) modes. All these acquisition modes (FS, AIF, tMS2, and ddMS2) could be applied simultaneously with cycle times ≤ 1 s. The tMS2 especially, proved to be a very powerful approach to increase sensitivity for MS2 fragments and identification rates. Overall, the results for the various pesticide-commodity combinations were fully satisfactory in terms of limit of quantitation (LOQ) repeatability and identification when considered against the SANTE EU Guideline criteria. In addition, the screening capabilities were evaluated for a non-target survey with the use of spectral libraries, the presence of non-target compounds was detected, thus proving the efficacy of the proposed approach. Another issue often overlooked is the optimization of use of spectral libraries, but in our experiments the compounds present in these libraries were not blindly sought in the screening analyses. To minimize the potential for false positives detects in our study, the extractability of the compounds present in the libraries, was also taken into account. The extractability of compounds using a QuEChERS acetonitrile procedure was estimated based on the physicochemical properties of target compounds. By removing compounds that will not be extracted, reduces the occurrences of false detects, reducing the time required for data processing and thus improving the efficiency of the overall screening workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Rajski
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruit & Vegetables, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3). Ctra, Sacramento s/n. La Cañada de San Urbano 04120-Almería, Spain
| | - Styliani Petromelidou
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Greece
| | - Francisco José Díaz-Galiano
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruit & Vegetables, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3). Ctra, Sacramento s/n. La Cañada de San Urbano 04120-Almería, Spain
| | - Carmen Ferrer
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruit & Vegetables, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3). Ctra, Sacramento s/n. La Cañada de San Urbano 04120-Almería, Spain
| | - Amadeo Rodríguez Fernández-Alba
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruit & Vegetables, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3). Ctra, Sacramento s/n. La Cañada de San Urbano 04120-Almería, Spain.
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Rajski Ł, Jesús F, Díaz-Galiano FJ, Fernández-Alba AR. Dual-channel chromatography a smart way to improve the analysis efficiency in liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1633:461614. [PMID: 33128972 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dual-channel chromatography was evaluated for pesticide residue analysis in fruits and vegetables and for unknown compounds detection. A dual-channel system was tested coupled to triple quadrupole and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The first part of the investigation was related to the improvement of the sample throughput with a 100 mm column. The dual-channel system provided the same analytical results as the single-channel system, however, with the throughput higher of about 70% (80 injections vs 137 injections in 24 h). Two types of calibration (in-channel and cross-channel) were checked. In the article, also solvent consumption is discussed. Six proficiency test samples were analysed to assess the quality of the results. Nor false positives neither false negatives were found. Calculated z-scores were typically <1. In the second part, a different approach was investigated. The 100 mm column was replaced by a 150 mm column keeping shorter run times than single channel system and 100 mm. The longer column improved the sensitivity and selectivity what was demonstrated in the target pesticide residue analysis. Additionally, the 150 mm column was compared with the 100 mm column in the analysis of unknown natural matrix compounds by high resolution mass spectrometry. The longer column allowed to detect up to 26% unknown compounds more than the shorter column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Rajski
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruit & Vegetables. University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence cei A3, Ctra. Sacramento s/n. La Cañada de San Urbano 04120-Almería, Spain
| | - Florencia Jesús
- Group for the Analysis of Trace Compounds (GACT), Polo de Desarrollo Universitario Abordaje Holístico, CENUR Litoral Norte Sede Paysandú, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Ruta 3 km 363, Paysandú, CP 60000, Uruguay
| | - Francisco José Díaz-Galiano
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruit & Vegetables. University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence cei A3, Ctra. Sacramento s/n. La Cañada de San Urbano 04120-Almería, Spain
| | - Amadeo Rodríguez Fernández-Alba
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruit & Vegetables. University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence cei A3, Ctra. Sacramento s/n. La Cañada de San Urbano 04120-Almería, Spain.
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Garvey J, Walsh T, Devaney E, King T, Kilduff R. Multi-residue analysis of pesticide residues and polychlorinated biphenyls in fruit and vegetables using orbital ion trap high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:7113-7121. [PMID: 32749509 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02844-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing demand on pesticide residue laboratories to increase their scope of analysis, high-resolution accurate mass (HRAM) systems have found increasing popularity in this area. The systems have the advantage of much more reliable confirmation as high resolution increases the ability to distinguish between masses which are close together and the mass accuracy achieved limits the number of structural formulae. To date, much of the work involving these systems has revolved around developing screening methods and little has been done on use of these systems for quantitative methods. Here we describe the development and validation of a quantitative method for the analysis of 167 pesticide residues and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in samples of fruit and vegetables according to the protocol described in EU SANTE guidance document. The determination method involves analysis using a GC QExactive orbitrap in full scan mode using EI. The samples were then extracted using the standard mini-Luke method. After extraction with acetone/dichloromethane/petroleum ether 40-60 °C, a solvent exchange into ethyl acetate is carried out. Recovery work was carried out in cucumber, lemon and broccoli representing high water content, high acid content and high chlorophyll content commodity groups. The results show that the default MRL of 10 ppb can be achieved for more than 93% of the pesticides studied. Mass accuracy, ion ratio and matrix effect studies show that the method is robust and provides a viable alternative to triple quadrupole mass spectrometer systems for the quantification of pesticide residues in fruit and vegetable samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Garvey
- The Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, The Food Chemistry Laboratories, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, W23 VW2C, Ireland.
| | - Tony Walsh
- The Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, The Food Chemistry Laboratories, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, W23 VW2C, Ireland
| | - Elaine Devaney
- The Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, The Food Chemistry Laboratories, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, W23 VW2C, Ireland
| | - Teresa King
- The Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, The Food Chemistry Laboratories, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, W23 VW2C, Ireland
| | - Ross Kilduff
- The Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, The Food Chemistry Laboratories, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, W23 VW2C, Ireland
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Allgaier M, Halder JM, Kittelberger J, Hauer B, Nebel BA. A simple and robust LC-ESI single quadrupole MS-based method to analyze neonicotinoids in honey bee extracts. MethodsX 2019; 6:2484-2491. [PMID: 31720239 PMCID: PMC6838890 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2019.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past years, neonicotinoids such as thiacloprid and flupyradifurone have gained considerable scientific and public interest. These molecules used as active compounds in pesticides are known due to cause drastic negative long-time effects on pollinators and even human health. Therefore, determining trace amounts of neonicotinoid in different environmental matrices by liquid chromatography coupled with mass selective detectors (LC-MS/MS or LC-Q-TOF/MS) has become an important methodology. However, not every scientific group has unlimited access to high-resolution mass-selective detectors (e.g., MS/MS). It becomes more apparent that the analytics of neonicotinoids are already a global issue. Research groups and organizations with a limited financial budget often depend on using cheap and robust equipment to do their analytical work. We demonstrate a single-quadrupole (Q) MS-based method with single-class residue methods (SRMs) for the analysis of neonicotinoids, applicable without the requirement of a high-end MS system. For an adequate sample clean-up strategy, QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Efficient, Rugged, safe) extraction and purification methods were modified and applied to eliminate residual matrix after honey bee extraction steps to analyze thiacloprid and flupyradifurone. •Simple liquid chromatography electro-spray ionization (LC-ESI) single-quadrupole mass selective (MS) method for neonicotinoid analysis.•Efficient sample pretreatment by a modified QuEChERS extraction and purification method.•Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for thiacloprid was 19.72 ng g-1 and 7.61 ng g-1, for flupyradifurone 65.73 ng g-1 and 25.36 ng g-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Allgaier
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, Department of Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Julia M Halder
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, Department of Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jens Kittelberger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, Department of Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hauer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, Department of Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bernd A Nebel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, Department of Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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8
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Vu-Duc N, Nguyen-Quang T, Le-Minh T, Nguyen-Thi X, Tran TM, Vu HA, Nguyen LA, Doan-Duy T, Van Hoi B, Vu CT, Le-Van D, Phung-Thi LA, Vu-Thi HA, Chu DB. Multiresidue Pesticides Analysis of Vegetables in Vietnam by Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography in Combination with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-Orbitrap MS). JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2019; 2019:3489634. [PMID: 31205797 PMCID: PMC6530207 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3489634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography in combination with high-resolution mass spectrometry Thermo Q-Extractive Focus Orbitrap MS has been introduced for analysis of multiclass pesticides in vegetable samples collected in Hanoi, Vietnam. Multiclass pesticides were separated on the Thermo Hypersil Gold PFP column utilizing a gradient of the mobile phase consisting of 5 mM ammonium formate, 0.1% formic acid in deionized water, and methanol. The target analytes were detected in the full-scan mode on Thermo Scientific Q-Exactive Focus Orbitrap MS for quantitation at the optimum operating conditions. These conditions included, but not limit to, the resolution of 70000 at the full width at half maximum in both positive and negative mode, mass range from 80 to 1000 m/z, and optimized parameters for the heated electrospray ionization source. The identification of the analytes in real samples was based on retention times, mass to charge ratios, mass accuracies, and MS/MS spectra at the confirmation mode with the inclusion list of target analytes. The mass accuracies of target analytes were from -4.14 ppm (dinotefuran) to 1.42 ppm (cinosulfuron) in the neat solvent and from -3.91 ppm (spinosad D) to 1.29 ppm (cinosulfuron) in the matrix-matched solution. Target analytes in the vegetable-based matrix were extracted by the QuEChERS method. Some critical parameters of the analytical method such as linearity, repeatability, limit of detection, and limit of quantitation have been evaluated and implemented. Excellent LOD and LOQ of the developed method were achieved at the range of 0.04-0.85 and 0.13-2.9 μg·kg-1, respectively. Intraday and interday repeatability of the analytical signal (peak area, n=6) of the developed method were below 3% and 10%, correspondingly. The matrix effect, extraction recovery, and overall recovery were fully investigated by spiking experiments. Experimental results demonstrated that the ionization suppression or enhancement was the main contribution on the overall recoveries of target analytes. Finally, the in-house validated method was applied to pesticides screening in vegetables samples in local villages in Hanoi, Vietnam. The concentrations of all target analytes were below limit of quantitation and lower than US-FDA or EU maximum residue levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Vu-Duc
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Trung Nguyen-Quang
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Le-Minh
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University-Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Xuyen Nguyen-Thi
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University-Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Tri Manh Tran
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University-Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Hai Anh Vu
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University-Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Lan-Anh Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University-Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Tien Doan-Duy
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Bui Van Hoi
- Department of Water-Environment-Oceanography, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Cam-Tu Vu
- Department of Water-Environment-Oceanography, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Dung Le-Van
- Department of Chemistry, Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, Hadong, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Lan-Anh Phung-Thi
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, 1 Dai Co Viet, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Hong-An Vu-Thi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, 1 Dai Co Viet, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Dinh Binh Chu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, 1 Dai Co Viet, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
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Kaufmann A. Analytical performance of the various acquisition modes in Orbitrap MS and MS/MS. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2018; 53:725-738. [PMID: 29708288 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Quadrupole Orbitrap instruments (Q Orbitrap) permit high-resolution mass spectrometry-based full scan acquisitions and have a number of acquisition modes where the quadrupole isolates a particular mass range prior to a possible fragmentation and high-resolution mass spectrometry-based acquisition. Selecting the proper acquisition mode(s) is essential if trace analytes are to be quantified in complex matrix extracts. Depending on the particular requirements, such as sensitivity, selectivity of detection, linear dynamic range, and speed of analysis, different acquisition modes may have to be chosen. This is particularly important in the field of multi-residue analysis (eg, pesticides or veterinary drugs in food samples) where a large number of analytes within a complex matrix have to be detected and reliably quantified. Meeting the specific detection and quantification performance criteria for every targeted compound may be challenging. It is the aim of this paper to describe the strengths and the limitations of the currently available Q Orbitrap acquisition modes. In addition, the incorporation of targeted acquisitions between full scan experiments is discussed. This approach is intended to integrate compounds that require an additional degree of sensitivity or selectivity into multi-residue methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kaufmann
- TAM, Official Food Contol Authority of the Canton of Zurich, Fehrenstrasse, Zürich, Switzerland, 8030
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Gómez-Ríos GA, Gionfriddo E, Poole J, Pawliszyn J. Ultrafast Screening and Quantitation of Pesticides in Food and Environmental Matrices by Solid-Phase Microextraction–Transmission Mode (SPME-TM) and Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART). Anal Chem 2017; 89:7240-7248. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Justen Poole
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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