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Gonzalez B, Tare A, Ryu S, Johnson SC, Atzmon G, Barzilai N, Kaeberlein M, Suh Y. High-throughput sequencing analysis of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes reveals a genetic signature of human longevity. GeroScience 2023; 45:311-330. [PMID: 35948858 PMCID: PMC9886794 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00634-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a well-known contributor to aging and age-related diseases. The precise mechanisms through which mitochondria impact human lifespan, however, remain unclear. We hypothesize that humans with exceptional longevity harbor rare variants in nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes (mitonuclear genes) that confer resistance against age-related mitochondrial dysfunction. Here we report an integrated functional genomics study to identify rare functional variants in ~ 660 mitonuclear candidate genes discovered by target capture sequencing analysis of 496 centenarians and 572 controls of Ashkenazi Jewish descent. We identify and prioritize longevity-associated variants, genes, and mitochondrial pathways that are enriched with rare variants. We provide functional gene variants such as those in MTOR (Y2396Lfs*29), CPS1 (T1406N), and MFN2 (G548*) as well as LRPPRC (S1378G) that is predicted to affect mitochondrial translation. Taken together, our results suggest a functional role for specific mitonuclear genes and pathways in human longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Gonzalez
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Archana Tare
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Seungjin Ryu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Simon C Johnson
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Yousin Suh
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Genetics and Development, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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2
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Jiang H, Chen F, Song D, Zhou X, Ren L, Zeng M. Dynamin-Related Protein 1 Is Involved in Mitochondrial Damage, Defective Mitophagy, and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Induced by MSU Crystals. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5064494. [PMID: 36338340 PMCID: PMC9627272 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5064494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has great impacts on MSU crystal-induced inflammation. Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission is closely associated with mitochondrial ROS levels. However, whether Drp1 signaling contributes to MSU crystal-induced inflammation remains unclear. Mice bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were primed with LPS and then stimulated with MSU suspensions for 12 h. The protein levels associated with mitochondrial dynamics, oxidative stress, and mitophagy were detected by Western blot. BMDMs were loaded with MitoTracker Green probe to detect mitochondrial morphology. To measure mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and total ROS levels, cells were loaded, respectively, with MitoSOX and DHE probes. The effects of Mito-TEMPO, an antioxidant that targets the mitochondria or DRP1 inhibitor (Mdivi-1) on MSU crystal-induced peritonitis and arthritis mouse models, were evaluated. Our study revealed that MSU crystal stimulation resulted in elevation of mitochondrial fragmentation of BMDMs. Treatment with Mito-TEMPO or Drp1 knockdown significantly ameliorated the mitochondrial damage induced by MSU crystals. BMDMs exposure to MSU crystals increased the expression of auto/mitophagy marker proteins and promoted the fusion of mitophagosomes with lysosomes, leading to accumulation of mitolysosomes. Drp1 knockdown alleviated defective mitophagy and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in MSU crystal-treated BMDMs. This study indicates that there is crosstalk between mitochondrial ROS and Drp1 signaling in MSU crystal-induced inflammation. Drp1 signaling is involved in MSU crystal-induced mitochondrial damage, impaired mitophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College and Institute of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 1 South Maoyuan Road, Nanchong, 637001 Sichuan, China
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 1 South Maoyuan Road, Nanchong, 637001 Sichuan, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College and Institute of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 1 South Maoyuan Road, Nanchong, 637001 Sichuan, China
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 1 South Maoyuan Road, Nanchong, 637001 Sichuan, China
| | - DianZe Song
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College and Institute of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 1 South Maoyuan Road, Nanchong, 637001 Sichuan, China
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 1 South Maoyuan Road, Nanchong, 637001 Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhou
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College and Institute of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 1 South Maoyuan Road, Nanchong, 637001 Sichuan, China
| | - Long Ren
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Nanchong City, 21# Bajiao Street, Nanchong, 637100 Sichuan, China
| | - Mei Zeng
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College and Institute of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 1 South Maoyuan Road, Nanchong, 637001 Sichuan, China
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 1 South Maoyuan Road, Nanchong, 637001 Sichuan, China
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Nanchong City, 21# Bajiao Street, Nanchong, 637100 Sichuan, China
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3
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Abstract
Significance: Aging is a natural process that affects most living organisms, resulting in increased mortality. As the world population ages, the prevalence of age-associated diseases, and their associated health care costs, has increased sharply. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that lead to cellular dysfunction may provide important targets for interventions to prevent or treat these diseases. Recent Advances: Although the mitochondrial theory of aging had been proposed more than 40 years ago, recent new data have given stronger support for a central role for mitochondrial dysfunction in several pathways that are deregulated during normal aging and age-associated disease. Critical Issues: Several of the experimental evidence linking mitochondrial alterations to age-associated loss of function are correlative and mechanistic insights are still elusive. Here, we review how mitochondrial dysfunction may be involved in many of the known hallmarks of aging, and how these pathways interact in an intricate net of molecular relationships. Future Directions: As it has become clear that mitochondrial dysfunction plays causative roles in normal aging and age-associated diseases, it is necessary to better define the molecular interactions and the temporal and causal relationship between these changes and the relevant phenotypes seen during the aging process. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 824-843.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio M P F Batalha
- Lab. Genética Mitocondrial, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anibal Eugênio Vercesi
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Nadja C Souza-Pinto
- Lab. Genética Mitocondrial, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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4
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Zhao S, Heng N, Wang H, Wang H, Zhang H, Gong J, Hu Z, Zhu H. Mitofusins: from mitochondria to fertility. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:370. [PMID: 35725948 PMCID: PMC9209398 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04386-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Germ cell formation and embryonic development require ATP synthesized by mitochondria. The dynamic system of the mitochondria, and in particular, the fusion of mitochondria, are essential for the generation of energy. Mitofusin1 and mitofusin2, the homologues of Fuzzy onions in yeast and Drosophila, are critical regulators of mitochondrial fusion in mammalian cells. Since their discovery mitofusins (Mfns) have been the source of significant interest as key influencers of mitochondrial dynamics, including membrane fusion, mitochondrial distribution, and the interaction with other organelles. Emerging evidence has revealed significant insight into the role of Mfns in germ cell formation and embryonic development, as well as the high incidence of reproductive diseases such as asthenospermia, polycystic ovary syndrome, and gestational diabetes mellitus. Here, we describe the key mechanisms of Mfns in mitochondrial dynamics, focusing particularly on the role of Mfns in the regulation of mammalian fertility, including spermatogenesis, oocyte maturation, and embryonic development. We also highlight the role of Mfns in certain diseases associated with the reproductive system and their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanjiang Zhao
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Nuo Heng
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Huan Wang
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Haobo Zhang
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Jianfei Gong
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Zhihui Hu
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Huabin Zhu
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
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5
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Valera-Alberni M, Joffraud M, Miro-Blanch J, Capellades J, Junza A, Dayon L, Núñez Galindo A, Sanchez-Garcia JL, Valsesia A, Cercillieux A, Söllner F, Ladurner AG, Yanes O, Cantó C. Crosstalk between Drp1 phosphorylation sites during mitochondrial remodeling and their impact on metabolic adaptation. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109565. [PMID: 34433037 PMCID: PMC8411118 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria constantly undergo fusion and fission events, referred as mitochondrial dynamics, which determine mitochondrial architecture and bioenergetics. Cultured cell studies demonstrate that mitochondrial dynamics are acutely regulated by phosphorylation of the mitochondrial fission orchestrator dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) at S579 or S600. However, the physiological impact and crosstalk of these phosphorylation sites is poorly understood. Here, we describe the functional interrelation between S579 and S600 phosphorylation sites in vivo and their role on mitochondrial remodeling. Mice carrying a homozygous Drp1 S600A knockin (Drp1 KI) mutation display larger mitochondria and enhanced lipid oxidation and respiratory capacities, granting improved glucose tolerance and thermogenic response upon high-fat feeding. Housing mice at thermoneutrality blunts these differences, suggesting a role for the brown adipose tissue in the protection of Drp1 KI mice against metabolic damage. Overall, we demonstrate crosstalk between Drp1 phosphorylation sites and provide evidence that their modulation could be used in the treatment and prevention of metabolic diseases. Drp1 phosphorylation at S600 promotes the phosphorylation at the S579 site Both Drp1 P-S600 and P-S579 are required for maximal mitochondrial fragmentation Drp1 S600A knockin mice are protected against diet-induced metabolic damage Drp1 phosphorylation controls brown adipose tissue thermogenic capacity in mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Valera-Alberni
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research Ltd., Lausanne 1015, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Magali Joffraud
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research Ltd., Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Joan Miro-Blanch
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Electronic Engineering & IISPV, 43003 Tarragona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedates Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Capellades
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Electronic Engineering & IISPV, 43003 Tarragona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedates Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandra Junza
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Electronic Engineering & IISPV, 43003 Tarragona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedates Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Loïc Dayon
- Nestlé Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Sciences, Nestlé Research Ltd., Lausanne 1015, Switzerland; Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, EPFL, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Núñez Galindo
- Nestlé Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Sciences, Nestlé Research Ltd., Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Jose L Sanchez-Garcia
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research Ltd., Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Armand Valsesia
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research Ltd., Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Angelique Cercillieux
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research Ltd., Lausanne 1015, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Flavia Söllner
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andreas G Ladurner
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Oscar Yanes
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Electronic Engineering & IISPV, 43003 Tarragona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedates Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carles Cantó
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research Ltd., Lausanne 1015, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
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6
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Zarei A, Ballard A, Cox L, Bayguinov P, Harris T, Davis JL, Roper P, Fitzpatrick J, Faccio R, Veis DJ. Osteolineage depletion of mitofusin2 enhances cortical bone formation in female mice. Bone 2021; 148:115941. [PMID: 33813068 PMCID: PMC8162829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles that form highly complex, interconnected dynamic networks inside cells. The GTPase mitofusin 2 (MFN2) is a highly conserved outer mitochondrial membrane protein involved in the regulation of mitochondrial morphology, which can affect various metabolic and signaling functions. The role of mitochondria in bone formation remains unclear. Since MFN2 levels increase during osteoblast (OB) differentiation, we investigated the role of MFN2 in the osteolineage by crossing mice bearing floxed Mfn2 alleles with those bearing Prx-cre to generate cohorts of conditional knock out (cKO) animals. By ex vivo microCT, cKO female mice, but not males, display an increase in cortical thickness at 8, 18, and 30 weeks, compared to wild-type (WT) littermate controls. However, the cortical anabolic response to mechanical loading was not different between genotypes. To address how Mfn2 deficiency affects OB differentiation, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from both wild-type and cKO mice were cultured in osteogenic media with different levels of β-glycerophosphate. cKO MSCs show increased mineralization and expression of multiple markers of OB differentiation only at the lower dose. Interestingly, despite showing the expected mitochondrial rounding and fragmentation due to loss of MFN2, cKO MSCs have an increase in oxygen consumption during the first 7 days of OB differentiation. Thus, in the early phases of osteogenesis, MFN2 restrains oxygen consumption thereby limiting differentiation and cortical bone accrual during homeostasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allahdad Zarei
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Division of Bone and Mineral Disease, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anna Ballard
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Division of Bone and Mineral Disease, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Linda Cox
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Division of Bone and Mineral Disease, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Peter Bayguinov
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Taylor Harris
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jennifer L Davis
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Division of Bone and Mineral Disease, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Philip Roper
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Division of Bone and Mineral Disease, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - James Fitzpatrick
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Departments of Neuroscience and Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Roberta Faccio
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Deborah J Veis
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Division of Bone and Mineral Disease, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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7
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Yang H, Li Y, Hu B. Potential role of mitochondria in gastric cancer detection: Fission and glycolysis. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:439. [PMID: 33868477 PMCID: PMC8045152 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Helicobacter pylori infection, high salt intake, smoking, alcohol, low fiber intake, family history of GC, obesity and precancerous lesions, including chronic atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia, are considered general risk factors for GC. Image enhancement endoscopy methods, which improve the visualization of mucosal structures and vascularity, may be used for the early diagnosis of GC, such as narrow band imaging, which can reveal fine details of subtle superficial abnormalities of early gastric cancer (EGC). Mitochondria are well-known for their role in producing ATP via the tricarboxylic acid cycle. In cancer cells, the energetic metabolism can be reprogrammed as anaerobic glycolysis for energy production and anabolic growth. In addition to their dominant metabolic functions, mitochondria participate in several central signaling pathways, such as the apoptotic pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Conversely, mitochondrial dynamics, including fission/fusion and mitophagy, can also contribute to the pathogenesis of cancer. The dysfunction and dysregulation of mitochondria have been associated with several ageing and degenerative diseases, as well as cancer. The present review focuses on energy metabolism and mitochondrial dynamics, and summarizes the changes in gastric carcinogenesis, the diagnosis of EGC and indicates potential targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor Bing Hu, Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Wu Hou, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China, E-mail:
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8
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Joaquim M, Escobar-Henriques M. Role of Mitofusins and Mitophagy in Life or Death Decisions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:572182. [PMID: 33072754 PMCID: PMC7539839 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.572182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria entail an incredible dynamism in their morphology, impacting death signaling and selective elimination of the damaged organelles. In turn, by recycling the superfluous or malfunctioning mitochondria, mostly prevalent during aging, mitophagy contributes to maintain a healthy mitochondrial network. Mitofusins locate at the outer mitochondrial membrane and control the plastic behavior of mitochondria, by mediating fusion events. Besides deciding on mitochondrial interconnectivity, mitofusin 2 regulates physical contacts between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum, but also serves as a decisive docking platform for mitophagy and apoptosis effectors. Thus, mitofusins integrate multiple bidirectional inputs from and into mitochondria and ensure proper energetic and metabolic cellular performance. Here, we review the role of mitofusins and mitophagy at the cross-road between life and apoptotic death decisions. Furthermore, we highlight the impact of this interplay on disease, focusing on how mitofusin 2 and mitophagy affect non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Joaquim
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mafalda Escobar-Henriques
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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9
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Escobar-Henriques M, Anton V. Mitochondrial Surveillance by Cdc48/p97: MAD vs. Membrane Fusion. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6841. [PMID: 32961852 PMCID: PMC7555132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cdc48/p97 is a ring-shaped, ATP-driven hexameric motor, essential for cellular viability. It specifically unfolds and extracts ubiquitylated proteins from membranes or protein complexes, mostly targeting them for proteolytic degradation by the proteasome. Cdc48/p97 is involved in a multitude of cellular processes, reaching from cell cycle regulation to signal transduction, also participating in growth or death decisions. The role of Cdc48/p97 in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), where it extracts proteins targeted for degradation from the ER membrane, has been extensively described. Here, we present the roles of Cdc48/p97 in mitochondrial regulation. We discuss mitochondrial quality control surveillance by Cdc48/p97 in mitochondrial-associated degradation (MAD), highlighting the potential pathologic significance thereof. Furthermore, we present the current knowledge of how Cdc48/p97 regulates mitofusin activity in outer membrane fusion and how this may impact on neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Escobar-Henriques
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
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10
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Moderation of mitochondrial respiration mitigates metabolic syndrome of aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:9840-9850. [PMID: 32303655 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1917948117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of mitochondrial dynamics leads to the accumulation of oxidative stress and unhealthy mitochondria; consequently, this accumulation contributes to premature aging and alterations in mitochondria linked to metabolic complications. We postulate that restrained mitochondrial ATP synthesis might alleviate age-associated disorders and extend healthspan in mammals. Herein, we prepared a previously discovered mitochondrial complex IV moderate inhibitor in drinking water and orally administered to standard-diet-fed, wild-type C57BL/6J mice every day for up to 16 mo. No manifestation of any apparent toxicity or deleterious effect on studied mouse models was observed. The impacts of an added inhibitor on a variety of mitochondrial functions were analyzed, such as respiratory activity, mitochondrial bioenergetics, and biogenesis, and a few age-associated comorbidities, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, glucose abnormalities, and obesity in mice. It was found that mitochondrial quality, dynamics, and oxidative metabolism were greatly improved, resulting in lean mice with a specific reduction in visceral fat plus superb energy and glucose homeostasis during their aging period compared to the control group. These results strongly suggest that a mild interference in ATP synthesis through moderation of mitochondrial activity could effectively up-regulate mitogenesis, reduce ROS production, and preserve mitochondrial integrity, thereby impeding the onset of metabolic syndrome. We conclude that this inhibitory intervention in mitochondrial respiration rectified the age-related physiological breakdown in mice by protecting mitochondrial function and markedly mitigated certain undesired primary outcomes of metabolic syndrome, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. This intervention warrants further research on the treatment of metabolic syndrome of aging in humans.
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11
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Roushandeh AM, Kuwahara Y, Roudkenar MH. Mitochondrial transplantation as a potential and novel master key for treatment of various incurable diseases. Cytotechnology 2019; 71:647-663. [PMID: 30706303 PMCID: PMC6465382 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-019-00302-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are attractive cellular organelles which are so interesting in both basic and clinical research, especially after it was found that they were arisen as a bacterial intruder in ancient cells. Interestingly, even now, they are the focus of many investigations and their function and relevance to health and disease have remained open questions. More recently, research on mitochondria have turned out their potential application in medicine as a novel therapeutic intervention. The importance of this issue is highlighted when we know that mitochondrial dysfunction can be observed in a variety of diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, ischemia, diabetes, renal failure, skeletal muscles disorders, liver diseases, burns, aging, and cancer progression. In other words, transplantation of viable mitochondria into the injured tissues would replace or augment damaged mitochondria, allowing the rescue of cells and restoration of the normal function. Therefore, mitochondrial transplantation would be revolutionary for the treatment of a variety of diseases in which conventional therapies have proved unsuccessful. Here, we describe pieces of evidence of mitochondrial transplantation, discuss and highlight the current and future directions to show why mitochondrial transplantation could be a master key for treatment of a variety of diseases or injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshikazu Kuwahara
- Divisions of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Disease Research Center, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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Zorov DB, Vorobjev IA, Popkov VA, Babenko VA, Zorova LD, Pevzner IB, Silachev DN, Zorov SD, Andrianova NV, Plotnikov EY. Lessons from the Discovery of Mitochondrial Fragmentation (Fission): A Review and Update. Cells 2019; 8:E175. [PMID: 30791381 PMCID: PMC6406845 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Thirty-five years ago, we described fragmentation of the mitochondrial population in a living cell into small vesicles (mitochondrial fission). Subsequently, this phenomenon has become an object of general interest due to its involvement in the process of oxidative stress-related cell death and having high relevance to the incidence of a pathological phenotype. Tentatively, the key component of mitochondrial fission process is segregation and further asymmetric separation of a mitochondrial body yielding healthy (normally functioning) and impaired (incapable to function in a normal way) organelles with subsequent decomposition and removal of impaired elements through autophagy (mitophagy). We speculate that mitochondria contain cytoskeletal elements, which maintain the mitochondrial shape, and also are involved in the process of intramitochondrial segregation of waste products. We suggest that perturbation of the mitochondrial fission/fusion machinery and slowdown of the removal process of nonfunctional mitochondrial structures led to the increase of the proportion of impaired mitochondrial elements. When the concentration of malfunctioning mitochondria reaches a certain threshold, this can lead to various pathologies, including aging. Overall, we suggest a process of mitochondrial fission to be an essential component of a complex system controlling a healthy cell phenotype. The role of reactive oxygen species in mitochondrial fission is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry B Zorov
- A.N.Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Ivan A Vorobjev
- A.N.Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan.
| | - Vasily A Popkov
- A.N.Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Valentina A Babenko
- A.N.Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Ljubava D Zorova
- A.N.Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Irina B Pevzner
- A.N.Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Denis N Silachev
- A.N.Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Savva D Zorov
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.
| | - Nadezda V Andrianova
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.
| | - Egor Y Plotnikov
- A.N.Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117997, Russia.
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119146, Russia.
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