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Guo H, Wang T. Predictive role of Naples prognostic score for survival in esophageal cancer: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38160. [PMID: 38787991 PMCID: PMC11124694 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To further clarify the predictive value of pretreatment Naples prognostic score (NPS), calculating based on the serum albumin concentration, total cholesterol level, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), among esophageal cancer patients based on available evidence. METHODS The PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and CNKI databases were searched up to December 1, 2023 for relevant studies. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were endpoints and the hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was combined to evaluate the predictive role of NPS for survival. Subgroup analysis based on pathological type and treatment were further conducted. RESULTS Ten retrospective studies with 2250 cases were included in our analysis. Pooled results demonstrated that higher pretreatment NPS predicted poorer OS (HR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.57-3.20, P < .001), PFS (HR = 3.03, 95% CI: 1.84-4.98, P < .001) and CSS (HR = 2.90, 95% CI: 1.80-4.68, P < .001). Then subgroup analysis for the OS and PFS stratified by the pathological type (squamous cell carcinoma vs esophageal cancer) and treatment (surgery vs non-surgery) were further conducted, which showed similar results. CONCLUSION Pretreatment NPS is significantly associated with prognosis in esophageal cancer and higher NPS predicts worse survival among patients with esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
- Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
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2
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Qiu J, Cheng Z, Jiang Z, Gan L, Zhang Z, Xie Z. Immunomodulatory Precision: A Narrative Review Exploring the Critical Role of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5490. [PMID: 38791528 PMCID: PMC11122264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
An immune checkpoint is a signaling pathway that regulates the recognition of antigens by T-cell receptors (TCRs) during an immune response. These checkpoints play a pivotal role in suppressing excessive immune responses and maintaining immune homeostasis against viral or microbial infections. There are several FDA-approved immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, and avelumab. These ICIs target cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). Furthermore, ongoing efforts are focused on developing new ICIs with emerging potential. In comparison to conventional treatments, ICIs offer the advantages of reduced side effects and durable responses. There is growing interest in the potential of combining different ICIs with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or targeted therapies. This article comprehensively reviews the classification, mechanism of action, application, and combination strategies of ICIs in various cancers and discusses their current limitations. Our objective is to contribute to the future development of more effective anticancer drugs targeting immune checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Qiu
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (J.Q.); (Z.C.); (Z.J.); (L.G.); (Z.Z.)
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zilin Cheng
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (J.Q.); (Z.C.); (Z.J.); (L.G.); (Z.Z.)
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (J.Q.); (Z.C.); (Z.J.); (L.G.); (Z.Z.)
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Luhan Gan
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (J.Q.); (Z.C.); (Z.J.); (L.G.); (Z.Z.)
- Huan Kui School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (J.Q.); (Z.C.); (Z.J.); (L.G.); (Z.Z.)
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xie
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (J.Q.); (Z.C.); (Z.J.); (L.G.); (Z.Z.)
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3
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Das S, Dash BS, Premji TP, Chen JP. Immunotherapeutic Approaches for the Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme: Mechanism and Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10546. [PMID: 37445721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most aggressive types of primary brain tumor with a high-grade glioma known as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Patients diagnosed with GBM usually have an overall survival rate of less than 18 months after conventional therapy. This bleak prognosis underlines the need to consider new therapeutic interventions for GBM treatment to overcome current treatment limitations. By highlighting different immunotherapeutic approaches currently in preclinical and clinical trials, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptors T cells, natural killer cells, vaccines, and combination therapy, this review aims to discuss the mechanisms, benefits, and limitations of immunotherapy in treating GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suprava Das
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Banendu Sunder Dash
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Thejas P Premji
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ping Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, Tai-Shan, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
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4
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Liang X, Du L, Fan Y. The potential of FCRL genes as targets for cancer treatment: insights from bioinformatics and immunology. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:204766. [PMID: 37285836 PMCID: PMC10292877 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a prevalent and dangerous disease that requires a multifaceted approach to treatment. The FCRL family gene has been linked to immune function and tumor progression. Bioinformatics may help unravel their role in cancer treatment. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the FCRL family genes in pan-cancer using publicly available databases and online tools. Specifically, we examined gene expression, prognostic significance, mutation profiles, drug resistance, as well as biological and immunomodulatory roles. Our data were sourced from The Cancer Genome Atlas, Genotype-Tissue Expression, cBioPortal, STRING, GSCALite, Cytoscape, and R software. The expression of FCRL genes varies significantly across different tumor types and normal tissues. While high expression of most FCRL genes is associated with a protective effect in many cancers, FCRLB appears to be a risk factor in several types of cancer. Alterations in FCRL family genes, particularly through amplification and mutation, are common in cancers. These genes are closely linked to classical cancer pathways such as apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), estrogen receptor (ER) signaling, and DNA damage response. Enrichment analysis indicates that FCRL family genes are predominantly associated with immune cell activation and differentiation. Immunological assays demonstrate a strong positive correlation between FCRL family genes and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), immunostimulators, and immunoinhibitors. Furthermore, FCRL family genes can enhance the sensitivity of various anticancer drugs. The FCRL family genes are vital in cancer pathogenesis and progression. Targeting these genes in conjunction with immunotherapy could enhance cancer treatment efficacy. Further research is required to determine their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lei Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuchao Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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5
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6
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Franzese O, Torino F, Giannetti E, Cioccoloni G, Aquino A, Faraoni I, Fuggetta MP, De Vecchis L, Giuliani A, Kaina B, Bonmassar E. Abscopal Effect and Drug-Induced Xenogenization: A Strategic Alliance in Cancer Treatment? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910672. [PMID: 34639014 PMCID: PMC8509363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current state of cancer treatment is still far from being satisfactory considering the strong impairment of patients' quality of life and the high lethality of malignant diseases. Therefore, it is critical for innovative approaches to be tested in the near future. In view of the crucial role that is played by tumor immunity, the present review provides essential information on the immune-mediated effects potentially generated by the interplay between ionizing radiation and cytotoxic antitumor agents when interacting with target malignant cells. Therefore, the radiation-dependent abscopal effect (i.e., a biological effect of ionizing radiation that occurs outside the irradiated field), the influence of cancer chemotherapy on the antigenic pattern of target neoplastic cells, and the immunogenic cell death (ICD) caused by anticancer agents are the main topics of this presentation. It is widely accepted that tumor immunity plays a fundamental role in generating an abscopal effect and that anticancer drugs can profoundly influence not only the host immune responses, but also the immunogenic pattern of malignant cells. Remarkably, several anticancer drugs impact both the abscopal effect and ICD. In addition, certain classes of anticancer agents are able to amplify already expressed tumor-associated antigens (TAA). More importantly, other drugs, especially triazenes, induce the appearance of new tumor neoantigens (TNA), a phenomenon that we termed drug-induced xenogenization (DIX). The adoption of the abscopal effect is proposed as a potential therapeutic modality when properly applied concomitantly with drug-induced increase in tumor cell immunogenicity and ICD. Although little to no preclinical or clinical studies are presently available on this subject, we discuss this issue in terms of potential mechanisms and therapeutic benefits. Upcoming investigations are aimed at evaluating how chemical anticancer drugs, radiation, and immunotherapies are interacting and cooperate in evoking the abscopal effect, tumor xenogenization and ICD, paving the way for new and possibly successful approaches in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Franzese
- School of Medicine, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (O.F.); (G.C.); (A.A.); (I.F.); (L.D.V.)
| | - Francesco Torino
- Department of Systems Medicine, Medical Oncology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.T.); (E.G.)
| | - Elisa Giannetti
- Department of Systems Medicine, Medical Oncology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.T.); (E.G.)
| | - Giorgia Cioccoloni
- School of Medicine, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (O.F.); (G.C.); (A.A.); (I.F.); (L.D.V.)
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS29JT, UK
| | - Angelo Aquino
- School of Medicine, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (O.F.); (G.C.); (A.A.); (I.F.); (L.D.V.)
| | - Isabella Faraoni
- School of Medicine, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (O.F.); (G.C.); (A.A.); (I.F.); (L.D.V.)
| | - Maria Pia Fuggetta
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.P.F.); (A.G.)
| | - Liana De Vecchis
- School of Medicine, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (O.F.); (G.C.); (A.A.); (I.F.); (L.D.V.)
| | - Anna Giuliani
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.P.F.); (A.G.)
| | - Bernd Kaina
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence: (B.K.); (E.B.)
| | - Enzo Bonmassar
- School of Medicine, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (O.F.); (G.C.); (A.A.); (I.F.); (L.D.V.)
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.P.F.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: (B.K.); (E.B.)
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7
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Razavi A, Keshavarz-Fathi M, Pawelek J, Rezaei N. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for melanoma. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2021; 17:209-223. [PMID: 33481629 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.1880895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has emerged as a cancer treatment. After initial therapeutic success for hematologic malignancies, this approach has been extended for the treatment of solid tumors including melanoma. AREAS COVERED T cells need to be reprogramed to recognize specific antigens expressed only in tumor cells, a difficult problem since cancer cells are simply transformed normal cells. Tumor antigens, namely, CSPG4, CD70, and GD2 have been targeted by CAR-T cells for melanoma. Moreover, different co-stimulatory signaling domains need to be selected to direct T cell fate. In this review, various approaches for the treatment of melanoma and their effectiveness are comprehensively reviewed and the current status, challenges, and future perspective of CAR-T cell therapy for melanoma are discussed. Literature search was accomplished in three databases (PubMed, Google scholar, and Clinicaltrials.gov). Published papers and clinical trials were screened and relevant documents were included by checking pre-defined eligibility criteria. EXPERT OPINION Despite obstacles and the risk of adverse events, CAR T cell therapy could be used for patients with treatment-resistant cancer. Clinical trials are underway to determine the efficacy of this approach for the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadehsadat Razavi
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biology Sciences, University of Kharazmi, Tehran, Iran.,Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Keshavarz-Fathi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - John Pawelek
- Department of Dermatology and the Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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Detection of immunogenic cell death and its relevance for cancer therapy. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:1013. [PMID: 33243969 PMCID: PMC7691519 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 447] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, as well as targeted anticancer agents can induce clinically relevant tumor-targeting immune responses, which critically rely on the antigenicity of malignant cells and their capacity to generate adjuvant signals. In particular, immunogenic cell death (ICD) is accompanied by the exposure and release of numerous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which altogether confer a robust adjuvanticity to dying cancer cells, as they favor the recruitment and activation of antigen-presenting cells. ICD-associated DAMPs include surface-exposed calreticulin (CALR) as well as secreted ATP, annexin A1 (ANXA1), type I interferon, and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). Additional hallmarks of ICD encompass the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit-α (EIF2S1, better known as eIF2α), the activation of autophagy, and a global arrest in transcription and translation. Here, we outline methodological approaches for measuring ICD markers in vitro and ex vivo for the discovery of next-generation antineoplastic agents, the development of personalized anticancer regimens, and the identification of optimal therapeutic combinations for the clinical management of cancer.
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9
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Huang D, Miller M, Ashok B, Jain S, Peppas NA. CRISPR/Cas systems to overcome challenges in developing the next generation of T cells for cancer therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 158:17-35. [PMID: 32707148 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genetically engineered immune cells with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) or modified T cell receptors (TCR) have demonstrated their potential as a potent class of new cancer therapeutic strategy. Despite the clinical success of autologous CD19 CAR T cells in hematological malignancies, allogeneic T cells exhibit many advantages over their autologous counterparts and have recently gathered widespread attention due to the emergence of multiplex genome editing techniques, particularly CRISPR/Cas systems. Furthermore, genetically engineered T cells face a host of major challenges in solid tumors that are not as significant for blood cancers such as T cell targeted delivery, target specificity, proliferation, persistence, and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. We take this opportunity to analyze recent strategies to develop allogeneic T cells, specifically in consideration of CRISPR/Cas and its delivery systems for multiplex gene editing. Additionally, we discuss the current methods used to delivery CRISPR/Cas systems for immunotherapeutic applications, and the challenges to continued development of novel delivery systems. We also provide a comprehensive analysis of the major challenges that genetically engineered T cells face in solid tumors along with the most recent strategies to overcome these barriers, with an emphasis on CRISPR-based approaches. We illustrate the synergistic prospects for how the combination of synthetic biology and immune-oncology could pave the way for designing the next generation of precision cancer therapy.
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10
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Gujar S, Pol JG, Kim Y, Kroemer G. Repurposing CD8 + T cell immunity against SARS-CoV-2 for cancer immunotherapy: a positive aspect of the COVID-19 pandemic? Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1794424. [PMID: 32923158 PMCID: PMC7458627 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1794424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has afflicted most countries on the planet. As a result, immunity against SARS-CoV-2, induced via natural infections or imminent vaccinations, is expected to develop in a large fraction of the global population. Here, we propose to exploit SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cells for cancer immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Gujar
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jonathan G Pol
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Youra Kim
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Abstract
Stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1 (STING1, best known as STING) is an endoplasmic reticulum-sessile protein that serves as a signaling hub, receiving input from several pattern recognition receptors, most of which sense ectopic DNA species in the cytosol. In particular, STING ensures the production of type I interferon (IFN) in response to invading DNA viruses, bacterial pathogens, as well as DNA leaking from mitochondria or the nucleus (e.g., in cells exposed to chemotherapy or radiotherapy). As a type I IFN is critical for the initiation of anticancer immune responses, the pharmaceutical industry has generated molecules that directly activate STING for use in oncological indications. Such STING agonists are being tested in clinical trials with the rationale of activating STING in tumor cells or tumor-infiltrating immune cells (including dendritic cells) to elicit immunostimulatory effects, alone or in combination with a range of established chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic regimens. In this Trial Watch, we discuss preclinical evidence and accumulating clinical experience shaping the design of Phase I and Phase II trials that evaluate the safety and preliminary efficacy of STING agonists in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Le Naour
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Sud, Paris Saclay, Medicine Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, INSERM, Villejuif, France.,Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, USA.,Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Erika Vacchelli
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Sud, Paris Saclay, Medicine Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Sud, Paris Saclay, Medicine Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China.,Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Selvarajan G. Pembrolizumab: The Nut Cracker. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/ijmpo.ijmpo_37_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAnti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/PD ligand-1 immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are the newest class of drugs approved for various advanced cancers. Pembrolizumab, an anti-PD1 inhibitor, is approved for treating advanced-stage solid malignancies and refractory lymphomas. Recently, it has been approved as tumor agnostic therapy for microsatellite instability-high advanced-stage disease. In all these studies, pembrolizumab has shown dramatic efficacy with lesser Grade3/4 immune-related adverse events. Contemporarily, immunotherapy paved the way for diagnostic assays and immunotherapy-related response assessment criteria definitions. No published Indian experience with ICIs exists other than isolated case reports. This article aims to review on pembrolizumab mechanism, its indications, and safety. The description of other ICIs is beyond the scope of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangothri Selvarajan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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13
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Fan M, Jiang M. Core-shell nanotherapeutics with leukocyte membrane camouflage for biomedical applications. J Drug Target 2020; 28:873-881. [DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2020.1757102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Fan
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Minxing Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Maternity and Child Health Care of Zaozhuang, Zaozhuang, China
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14
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Therapeutic Development of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1248:619-649. [PMID: 32185726 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-3266-5_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has been proven to be an effective strategy for enhancing the effector activity of anti-tumor T cells, and checkpoint blockers targeting CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1 have displayed strong and durable clinical responses in certain cancer patients. The new hope brought by ICB therapy has led to the boost in therapeutic development of ICBs in recent years. Nonetheless, the therapeutic efficacy of ICBs varies substantially among cancer types and patients, and only a proportion of cancer patients could benefit from ICBs. The emerging targets and molecules for enhancing anticancer immunity may bring additional therapeutic opportunities for cancer patients. The current challenges in the ICB therapy have been discussed, aimed to provide further strategies for maximizing the efficacy of ICB therapy.
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Van Coillie S, Wiernicki B, Xu J. Molecular and Cellular Functions of CTLA-4. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1248:7-32. [PMID: 32185705 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-3266-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) is an inhibitory receptor belonging to the CD28 immunoglobulin subfamily, expressed primarily by T-cells. Its ligands, CD80 and CD86, are typically found on the surface of antigen-presenting cells and can either bind CD28 or CTLA-4, resulting in a costimulatory or a co-inhibitory response, respectively. Because of its dampening effect, CTLA-4 is a crucial regulator of T-cell homeostasis and self-tolerance. The mechanisms by which CTLA-4 exerts its inhibitory function can be categorized as either cell-intrinsic (affects the CTLA-4 expressing T-cell) or cell-extrinsic (affects secondary cells). Research from the last decade has shown that CTLA-4 mainly acts in a cell-extrinsic manner via its competition with CD28, CTLA-4-mediated trans-endocytosis of CD80 and CD86, and its direct tolerogenic effects on the interacting cell. Nonetheless, intrinsic CTLA-4 signaling has been implicated in T-cell motility and the regulation of CTLA-4 its subcellular localization amongst others. CTLA-4 is well recognized as a key immune checkpoint and has gained significant momentum as a therapeutic target in the field of autoimmunity and cancer. In this chapter, we describe the role of costimulation in immune response induction as well as the main mechanisms by which CTLA-4 can inhibit this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samya Van Coillie
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Zwijnaarde, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Bartosz Wiernicki
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Zwijnaarde, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jie Xu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States; Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine; Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Nils-Petter Rudqvist
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States; Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France.
| | - Nils-Petter Rudqvist
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States.
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