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Hao Z, Li J, Gao F, Ren W, Lu X, Feng J, Zhang C, Bian S, Xie J, Luo M, Chang J, Yang W, Hou R, Muyey DM, Xu J, Cui J, Chen X, Wang H. A germline JAK2 exon12 mutation and a late somatic CALR mutation in a patient with essential thrombocythemia. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1265022. [PMID: 38239637 PMCID: PMC10794477 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1265022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background It has been discovered that Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) exon12 mutations lead to the polycythemia vera (PV) phenotype, while somatic mutations of calreticulin (CALR) are associated with essential thrombocythemia (ET) or primary myelofibrosis. In this article, we report a case of ET with coexistence of JAK2 exon12 and CALR mutations. The objective of this study was to elucidate the pathogenicity mechanism of a JAK2 exon12 mutation (JAK2N533S) and the role of the coexistence of mutations on the hematological phenotype. Methods We designed a colony analysis of tumor cells obtained from this patient, and attempted to identify mutant genes using DNA from hair follicles. Mutation impairment prediction and conservative analysis were conducted to predict the mutation impairment and structure of JAK2N533S. In addition, we conducted a functional analysis of JAK2N533S by constructing Ba/F3 cell models. Results Three distinct tumor subclones, namely JAK2N533Shet+/CALRtype1het +, JAK2N533Shet+/CALR wt, and JAK2N533Shet+/CALRtype1hom +, were identified from the 17 selected erythroid and 21 selected granulocyte colonies. The analysis of hair follicles yielded positive results for JAK2N533S. According to the bioinformatics analysis, JAK2N533S may exert only a minor effect on protein function. Functional studies showed that JAK2N533S did not have a significant effect on the proliferation of Ba/F3 cells in the absence of interleukin-3 (IL-3), similar to wild-type JAK2. Notably, there were no increased phosphorylation levels of JAK2-downstream signaling proteins, including signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and STAT5, in Ba/F3 cells harboring the JAK2N533S. Conclusion Our study revealed that the JAK2N533Shet+/CALRtype1het+ subclone was linked to a significant expansion advantage in this patient, indicating that it may contribute to the development of the ET phenotype. We further demonstrated that JAK2N533S, as a noncanonical JAK2 exon12 mutation, is a germline mutation that may not exert an effect on cell proliferation and protein function. These results and the present body of available data imply that certain noncanonical JAK2 mutations are not gain-of-function mutations leading to the development of myeloproliferative neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuanghui Hao
- Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Juan Li
- Institute of Genetics, Changzhi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Changzhi, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Weixiao Ren
- Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaomei Lu
- Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jinyi Feng
- Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Sicheng Bian
- Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Juan Xie
- Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianmei Chang
- Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wanfang Yang
- Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ruixia Hou
- Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Daniel Muteb Muyey
- Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiangxia Cui
- Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiuhua Chen
- Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Krueger KE. Neo-Darwinian Principles Exemplified in Cancer Genomics. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:1251-1260. [PMID: 37721477 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-23-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Within the last two decades, the advent of next-generation sequencing accompanied by single-cell technologies has enabled cancer researchers to study in detail mutations and other genetic aberrations that transpire during transformation of cells to a neoplastic state. This article covers the insights gained through these extensive studies where neo-Darwinian principles can be inferred to play roles throughout neoplastic transformation. The cells promoted during cancer development exhibit cancer hallmarks combined with the related enabling characteristics as outlined by Hanahan and Weinberg, analogous to natural selection and survival of the fittest. Selection of driver mutations that inactivate proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes differs in profound ways from mutations that activate tumor promoter proteins. In most cases, the later stages of cancer development are characterized by sudden, extensive damage to chromosomes in a process that is not Darwinian in nature. Nevertheless, cells that survive these cataclysmic events remain subject to Darwinian selection promoting clones exhibiting the greatest rates of progression. Duplications of chromosomal segments containing oncogenes, deletions of segments harboring tumor suppressor genes, or distinctive chromosomal rearrangements are often found in cells progressing into later stages of cancer. In summary, the technological developments in genome sequencing since the start of the century have given us clear insights into genomic alterations promoting tumor progression where neo-Darwinian mechanisms of clonal selection can be inferred to play a primary role.
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Gao J, Gao J, Min F. Chronic neutrophilic leukemia with JAK2 mutation: is it true chronic neutrophilic leukemia? Ann Hematol 2023; 102:3275-3276. [PMID: 37522967 PMCID: PMC10567908 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05376-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiapei Gao
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Junyin Gao
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yancheng No. 1 People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fengling Min
- Department of Hematology, Yangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Alagpulinsa DA, Toribio MP, Alhallak I, Shmookler Reis RJ. Advances in understanding the molecular basis of clonal hematopoiesis. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:360-377. [PMID: 35341686 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are polyfunctional, regenerating all blood cells via hematopoiesis throughout life. Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is said to occur when a substantial proportion of mature blood cells is derived from a single dominant HSC lineage, usually because these HSCs have somatic mutations that confer a fitness and expansion advantage. CH strongly associates with aging and enrichment in some diseases irrespective of age, emerging as an independent causal risk factor for hematologic malignancies, cardiovascular disease, adverse disease outcomes, and all-cause mortality. Defining the molecular mechanisms underlying CH will thus provide a framework to develop interventions for healthy aging and disease treatment. Here, we review the most recent advances in understanding the molecular basis of CH in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Alagpulinsa
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
| | - Mabel P Toribio
- Metabolism Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Iad Alhallak
- Metabolism Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Robert J Shmookler Reis
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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