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Di D, Zhang C, Sun S, Pei K, Gu R, Sun Y, Zhou S, Wang Y, Chen X, Jiang S, Wu H, Zhu B, Xu X. Mechanism of Yishen Chuchan decoction intervention of Parkinson's disease based on network pharmacology and experimental verification. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34823. [PMID: 39149067 PMCID: PMC11325061 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) rises rapidly with the increase of age. With the advent of global aging, the number of patients with PD is rising along with the elderly population, especially in China. Previously, we found that Yishen chuchan decoction (YCD), prescribed based on clinical experience, has the potential of alleviating symptoms, delaying the progression, and controlling the development of PD. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanistic role is yet to be explored. Aim This research examined the possible therapeutic effects of YCD in alleviating PD via a systematic approach with network pharmacology and experimental validation, aiming at providing a new understanding of traditional Chinese medicine management regarding PD. Methods The chemical structure and properties of YCD were adopted from Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Database (TCMSP), SwissADME, PubChem, and PubMed. The potential targets for YCD and PD were identified using Swiss Target Prediction, GeneCard, PubChem, and UniProt. The herbal-component-target network was created via the Cytoscape software. Moreover, by using the STRING database, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was screened. Gene function GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed via the Metascape database. YCD-medicated Rat Serum from Sprague-Dawley (SD) Rats was prepared, and SH-SY5Y cells were preconditioned with rotenone to develop the PD model. To examine the impact of YCD on these cells and explore the mechanistic role of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, the cells were pretreated with either serum or a p38 MAPK pathway inhibitor. This study employed the Cell Counting Kit (CCK)-8 assay and Hoechst 33,342 staining to evaluate the viability and morphological changes induced by the YCD-medicated rat serum on rotenone-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Apoptosis was assessed by Flow cytometry. Immunofluorescence staining assessed the microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) level. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to quantify the concentrations of inflammatory mediators interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Also, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were determined. Western Blotting measured the expression of total and phospho-p38 MAPK (p-p38). Results This study identified 65 active components in YCD, which were found to target 801 specific genes. By screening, 63 potential core targets were identified from a pool of 172 overlapping targets between PD and YCD. These targets were examined by GO and KEGG analyses revealing their substantial correlation to MAPK, PI3K-Akt signaling pathways, positively controlling protein phosphorylation, and pathways of neurodegenerative diseases. SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 2 μM rotenone for 48 h, which reduced cell viability to 50 %, and reduced MAP2 expression, increased the rate of apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and p-p38 expressions. YCD-medicated rat serum significantly improved the viability, reduced the apoptosis rate, and increased the MAP2 expression. YCD-medicated serum increased SOD, reduced ROS and suppressed IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α levels, thus inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation in rotenone-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, YCD-medicated serum substantially lowered the p-p38 expression induced by rotenone. SB203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK, could also inhibit the p-p38 expression, apoptosis, and restore morphological damage of cells, also improve inflammation and oxidative stress. Conclusion YCD enhanced cell viability and reduced apoptosis rate, inflammation, and oxidative stress in vitro. These beneficial effects could potentially involve the suppression of p38 pathway and suppressed the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Di
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Chencheng Zhang
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226631, Jiangsu, China
| | - Suping Sun
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Ke Pei
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renjun Gu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Shihan Zhou
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Nantong TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Haoxin Wu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Boran Zhu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Xu Xu
- Nantong TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
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Fu J, Gao X, Lu Y, Lu F, Wang Y, Chen P, Wang C, Yuan C, Liu S. Integrated proteomics and metabolomics reveals metabolism disorders in the α-syn mice and potential therapeutic effect of Acanthopanax senticosus extracts. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116878. [PMID: 37419226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr.et.Maxim.)Harms(AS) is an extract of Eleutherococcus senticocus Maxim(Rupr.et.Maxim.). In modern medical interpretation, Acanthopanax senticosus can be used to treat Parkinson's disease, and a large number of modern pharmacological and clinical studies also support this application. Our study demonstrated that AS extracts can increase the activity of various antioxidant enzymes and improve the symptoms of Parkinson's disease in mice. AIM OF THE STUDY The current study looked at the protective effect of Acanthopanax senticosus extracts(ASE) in preventing PD. METHODS AND MATERIALS First, the α-syn-overexpressing mice were chosen as suitable models for Parkinson's disease in vivo. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the substantia nigra. Meanwhile, TH expression in substantia nigra was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Behavioral and biochemical tests evaluated neuroprotective effects of ASE on PD mice. Subsequently, combined with proteomics and metabolomics analysis, the changes in brain proteins and metabolites in mice treated with ASE for PD were studied. Finally, Western blot was used to detect metabolome-related and proteomic proteins in the brain tissue of α-syn mice. RESULTS Forty-nine common differentially expressed proteins were screened by proteomics analysis, among which 28 were significantly up-regulated,and 21 were significantly down-regulated. Metabolomics analysis showed that twenty-five potentially important metabolites were involved in the therapeutic effect of ASE on PD. Most of the different proteins and metabolites were considered to be enriched in a variety of species in metabolic pathways, including glutathione metabolism and alanine aspartate and glutamate metabolism and other pathways, which means that ASE may have molecular mechanisms to ameliorate PD dysfunction. In addition, we found that decreases in glutathione and glutathione disulfide levels may play a critical role in these systemic changes and warrant further investigation. In the glutathione metabolic pathway, ASE also acts on GPX4, GCLC and GCLM. CONCLUSIONS ASE can effectively relieve behavioral symptoms of α-syn mice and relieve oxidative stress in brain tissue. These findings suggest that ASE offers a potential solution to target these pathways for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Fu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fang Lu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Pingping Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chongzhi Wang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Chunsu Yuan
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Shumin Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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Silvestro S, Raffaele I, Mazzon E. Modulating Stress Proteins in Response to Therapeutic Interventions for Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16233. [PMID: 38003423 PMCID: PMC10671288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative illness characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, resulting in motor symptoms and without debilitating motors. A hallmark of this condition is the accumulation of misfolded proteins, a phenomenon that drives disease progression. In this regard, heat shock proteins (HSPs) play a central role in the cellular response to stress, shielding cells from damage induced by protein aggregates and oxidative stress. As a result, researchers have become increasingly interested in modulating these proteins through pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapeutic interventions. This review aims to provide an overview of the preclinical experiments performed over the last decade in this research field. Specifically, it focuses on preclinical studies that center on the modulation of stress proteins for the treatment potential of PD. The findings display promise in targeting HSPs to ameliorate PD outcomes. Despite the complexity of HSPs and their co-chaperones, proteins such as HSP70, HSP27, HSP90, and glucose-regulated protein-78 (GRP78) may be efficacious in slowing or preventing disease progression. Nevertheless, clinical validation is essential to confirm the safety and effectiveness of these preclinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy; (S.S.); (I.R.)
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Wang M, Ye H, Jiang P, Liu J, Wang B, Zhang S, Sik A, Li N, Liu K, Jin M. The alleviative effect of Calendula officinalis L. extract against Parkinson's disease-like pathology in zebrafish via the involvement of autophagy activation. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1153889. [PMID: 37179558 PMCID: PMC10169688 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1153889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. However, effective preventative or therapeutic agents for PD remain largely limited. Marigold Calendula officinalis L. (CoL) has been reported to possess a wide range of biological activities, but its neuroprotective activity including anti-neurodegenerative diseases is unclear. Here, we aim to investigate whether the extract of CoL (ECoL) has therapeutic activity on PD. Methods We identified the chemical composition of flavonoid, an important active ingredient in ECoL, by a targeted HPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis. Subsequently, we evaluated the anti-PD effect of ECoL by using zebrafish PD model induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). After ECoL+MPTP co-treatments, the changes of dopaminergic neurons, neural vasculature, nervous system, and locomotor activity were examined, respectively. The expressions of genes related to neurodevelopment and autophagy were detected by RT-qPCR. Further, the interaction between autophagy regulators and ECoL flavonoids was predicted using molecular docking method. Results As a result, 5 kinds of flavonoid were identified in ECoL, consisting of 121 flavones and flavonols, 32 flavanones, 22 isoflavonoids, 11 chalcones and dihydrochalcones, and 17 anthocyanins. ECoL significantly ameliorated the loss of dopaminergic neurons and neural vasculature, restored the injury of nervous system, and remarkably reversed the abnormal expressions of neurodevelopment-related genes. Besides, ECoL notably inhibited the locomotor impairment in MPTP-induced PD-like zebrafish. The underlying anti-PD effect of ECoL may be implicated in activating autophagy, as ECoL significantly upregulated the expressions of genes related to autophagy, which contributes to the degradation of α-synuclein aggregation and dysfunctional mitochondria. Molecular docking simulation showed the stable interaction between autophagy regulators (Pink, Ulk2, Atg7, and Lc3b) and 10 main compounds of flavonoid in ECoL, further affirming the involvement of autophagy activation by ECoL in anti-PD action. Conclusion Our results suggested that ECoL has the anti-PD effect, and ECoL might be a promising therapeutic candidate for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Haicheng Ye
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao Eighth People’s Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Jibin Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Baokun Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Attila Sik
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ning Li
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Kechun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Meng Jin
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
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Circadian disruption and sleep disorders in neurodegeneration. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:8. [PMID: 36782262 PMCID: PMC9926748 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00340-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruptions of circadian rhythms and sleep cycles are common among neurodegenerative diseases and can occur at multiple levels. Accumulating evidence reveals a bidirectional relationship between disruptions of circadian rhythms and sleep cycles and neurodegenerative diseases. Circadian disruption and sleep disorders aggravate neurodegeneration and neurodegenerative diseases can in turn disrupt circadian rhythms and sleep. Importantly, circadian disruption and various sleep disorders can increase the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, harnessing the circadian biology findings from preclinical and translational research in neurodegenerative diseases is of importance for reducing risk of neurodegeneration and improving symptoms and quality of life of individuals with neurodegenerative disorders via approaches that normalize circadian in the context of precision medicine. In this review, we discuss the implications of circadian disruption and sleep disorders in neurodegenerative diseases by summarizing evidence from both human and animal studies, focusing on the bidirectional links of sleep and circadian rhythms with prevalent forms of neurodegeneration. These findings provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and suggest a promising role of circadian-based interventions.
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Guo J, Huang X, Dou L, Yan M, Shen T, Tang W, Li J. Aging and aging-related diseases: from molecular mechanisms to interventions and treatments. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:391. [PMID: 36522308 PMCID: PMC9755275 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01251-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 152.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a gradual and irreversible pathophysiological process. It presents with declines in tissue and cell functions and significant increases in the risks of various aging-related diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, and immune system diseases. Although the development of modern medicine has promoted human health and greatly extended life expectancy, with the aging of society, a variety of chronic diseases have gradually become the most important causes of disability and death in elderly individuals. Current research on aging focuses on elucidating how various endogenous and exogenous stresses (such as genomic instability, telomere dysfunction, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, compromise of autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, altered intercellular communication, deregulated nutrient sensing) participate in the regulation of aging. Furthermore, thorough research on the pathogenesis of aging to identify interventions that promote health and longevity (such as caloric restriction, microbiota transplantation, and nutritional intervention) and clinical treatment methods for aging-related diseases (depletion of senescent cells, stem cell therapy, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory treatments, and hormone replacement therapy) could decrease the incidence and development of aging-related diseases and in turn promote healthy aging and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiuqing Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lin Dou
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Mingjing Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Tao Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Weiqing Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Jian Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Guo L, Qu B, Song C, Zhu S, Gong N, Sun J. Celastrol attenuates 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity by regulating the miR-146a/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways in differentiated rat pheochromocytoma cells. J Affect Disord 2022; 316:233-242. [PMID: 35981627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurological disorder. Recently, celastrol (Cel) has been reported to have neuroprotective properties. We investigated the protective effects of Cel on PD in a cell model with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells and further addressed the underlying protective mechanisms of Cel. METHODS PC12 cells were treated with 6-OHDA, and Cel was added to the medium at various concentrations. The CCK-8 assay, Hoechst/PI staining, and flow cytometry analysis were performed to detect cellular viability and apoptosis. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was examined by JC-1 staining. ROS level was quantified by ROS staining. The effects of Cel on the expression of miR-146a and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway were then clarified using real-time PCR and Western blotting. Moreover, a miR-146a mimic was synthesized and transfected into PC12 cells to further determine the mechanisms of Cel's neuronal protection against 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity. RESULTS Cel greatly improved cell viability and lessened apoptosis. Flow cytometry showed that Cel especially inhibited early apoptosis. Cel also obviously restored the MMP and decreased ROS level destroyed by 6-OHDA. Moreover, 6-OHDA increased the expression of miR-146a and decreased pAkt/mTOR protein levels, whereas Cel reversed these changes. In particular, miR-146a targeted and inhibited the expression of PI3K, an upstream molecule of Akt/mTOR. Transfection of 6-OHDA-treated neurons with miR-146a mimic notably attenuated Cel's protective effects. LIMITATIONS There were no animal experiments in our study. CONCLUSIONS Cel exerts neuroprotective activity against 6-OHDA-caused neurotoxicity by regulating miR-146a/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, which provides a potential application of Cel for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Guo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Baoming Qu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Chengyuan Song
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250063, China
| | - Shaowei Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250063, China
| | - Nianming Gong
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Jinhao Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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Li QM, Li X, Su SQ, Wang YT, Xu T, Zha XQ, Pan LH, Shang ZZ, Zhang FY, Luo JP. Dendrobine inhibits dopaminergic neuron apoptosis via MANF-mediated ER stress suppression in MPTP/MPP +-induced Parkinson's disease models. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 102:154193. [PMID: 35636177 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder without effective treatments. Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) has been suggested to be capable of protecting against PD by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated neuronal apoptosis. PURPOSE This study was aimed to evaluate the antiparkinsonian effect of dendrobine and reveal its underlying mechanisms from the perspective of MANF-mediated ER stress suppression. METHODS Behavioral assessments of PD mice as well as LDH/CCK-8 assay in SH-SY5Y cells and primary midbrain neurons were carried out to detect the antiparkinsonian effect of dendrobine. Immunofluorescence, western blot, flow cytometry and shRNA-mediated MANF knockdown were used to determine the apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons and the expressions of ER stress-related proteins for investigating the underlying mechanism of dendrobine. RESULTS Dendrobine significantly ameliorated the motor performance of PD mice and attenuated the injuries of dopaminergic neurons. Dendrobine could also relieve neuronal apoptosis, up-regulate MANF expression and inhibit ER stress, which were largely abolished by shRNA-mediated MANF knockdown in PD model. CONCLUSION Dendrobine might protect against PD by inhibiting dopaminergic neuron apoptosis, which was achieved by facilitating MANF-mediated ER stress suppression. Our study suggested that dendrobine could act as a MANF up-regulator to protect against PD, and provided a potential candidate for exploring etiological agents of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang-Ming Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang-Qiao Su
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Tong Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Qiang Zha
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hua Pan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Zi Shang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Yun Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-Ping Luo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China.
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Liu MM, Zhou N, Jiang N, Lu KM, Wu CF, Bao JK. Neuroprotective Effects of Oligosaccharides From Periplaneta Americana on Parkinson’s Disease Models In Vitro and In Vivo. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:936818. [PMID: 35924055 PMCID: PMC9340460 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.936818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the neurodegenerative diseases that is characterized by obvious motor and some nonmotor symptoms. Various therapeutics failed in the effective treatment of PD because of impaired neurological function in the brain and various complications. Periplaneta Americana oligosaccharides (OPA), the main active ingredients extracted from the medicine residues of Periplaneta Americana (P. Americana), have been reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible mechanisms of OPA against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced apotosis in SH-SY5Y cells and its potential neuroprotective effects in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD subacute model mice. The data demonstrated that OPA significantly reversed the MPP+-induced decrease in SH-SY5Y cell viability, reduced the proportion of apoptotic cells, and protected SH-SY5Y cells from apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner by regulating the expression of apoptosis-related genes. Furthermore, OPA also alleviated the motor dysfunction of PD model mice, prevented the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase positive cells, suppressed the apoptosis of substantia nigra cells, and improved the dysbiosis of gut microbiota in vivo, suggesting that OPA demonstrated a significantly neuroprotective effect on PD model mice. These results indicated that OPA might be the possibility of PD therapeutics with economic utility and high safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Miao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Na Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai-Min Lu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Pharmacy Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Chuan-Fang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Chuan-Fang Wu, ; Jin-Ku Bao,
| | - Jin-Ku Bao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Chuan-Fang Wu, ; Jin-Ku Bao,
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10
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Zhu M, Liu X, Ye Y, Yan X, Cheng Y, Zhao L, Chen F, Ling Z. Gut Microbiota: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Parkinson’s Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:937555. [PMID: 35812394 PMCID: PMC9263276 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.937555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor dysfunction. Growing evidence has demonstrated that gut dysbiosis is involved in the occurrence, development and progression of PD. Numerous clinical trials have identified the characteristics of the changed gut microbiota profiles, and preclinical studies in PD animal models have indicated that gut dysbiosis can influence the progression and onset of PD via increasing intestinal permeability, aggravating neuroinflammation, aggregating abnormal levels of α-synuclein fibrils, increasing oxidative stress, and decreasing neurotransmitter production. The gut microbiota can be considered promising diagnostic and therapeutic targets for PD, which can be regulated by probiotics, psychobiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, diet modifications, and Chinese medicine. This review summarizes the recent studies in PD-associated gut microbiota profiles and functions, the potential roles, and mechanisms of gut microbiota in PD, and gut microbiota-targeted interventions for PD. Deciphering the underlying roles and mechanisms of the PD-associated gut microbiota will help interpret the pathogenesis of PD from new perspectives and elucidate novel therapeutic strategies for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manlian Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiru Ye
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Lishui Central Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Xiumei Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Yiwen Cheng
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Longyou Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zongxin Ling, ; ; Feng Chen,
| | - Zongxin Ling
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zongxin Ling, ; ; Feng Chen,
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11
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Hu Y, Gu S, Yuan X, Li H, Yuan C, Ye Q. Traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation and treatment by stages of Parkinson's disease: study protocol for a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Chin Med 2022; 17:68. [PMID: 35698234 PMCID: PMC9190110 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00625-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease common in aged populations. Classified by Hoehn & Yahr stages, patients are often divided into mild/early stage, moderate/middle stage, and advanced/late stage. With disease progression, PD shows high heterogeneity in each stage. Based on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome differentiation theory and our previous works, we found that during the early stage, the main syndrome is Yin deficiency of the liver and kidney; during the moderate stage, the main syndromes are phlegm heat and wind stirring and blood stasis and wind stirring; and during the late stage, the dominant syndromes are deficiency of Yin and Yang and deficiency of Qi and blood. Hence, we proposed a new model of TCM treatment by the stage of PD. Based on Shudi Pingchan formula, an experimental formula of our team, we developed Ziyin Pingchan formula, Jiedu Pingchan formula, and Fuzheng Pingchan formula to treat each stage. This study is designed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of treating Parkinson’s disease by stages using traditional Chinese medicine and to provide an evidence base for forming a standardized scheme of diagnosis and treatment. Methods This study is designed as a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Patients will be stratified into 3 subgroups according to Hoehn & Yahr stage; 172, 168, and 72 participants will be required to be in the mild PD, moderate PD, and advanced PD subgroups, respectively, and will be randomized into the treatment or control group at a 1:1 ratio. The mild PD subgroup will receive a 48-week intervention, and the other 2 groups will receive a 24-week intervention. All groups will have a follow-up visit 12 weeks after starting the intervention. The intervention group will receive the Ziyin Pingchan formula, Jiedu Pingchan formula, or Fuzheng Pingchan formula, and the control group will receive the corresponding placebo. The primary outcomes will be the first addition of levodopa for the mild PD subgroup, the duration of the “OFF” period for the moderate PD subgroup, and the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) for the advanced PD subgroup. The secondary outcomes will also be verified by subgroups, including the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale-2 (PDSS-2), scales for Outcomes in Parkinson’s Disease—Autonomic (SCOPA-AUT), and the nonmotor symptom scale (NMSS). Expected outcomes To our knowledge, this is the first trial to combine TCM syndrome differentiation with PD clinical stages and put it into clinical practice. The results of this trial will provide clinical evidence for the therapeutic effect of TCM formulas on PD patients of all stages and help build a new TCM treatment by stage model of PD. Trial registration: This trial is registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn/). Registration number: ChiCTR2200056373, Date: 2022–02-04, version 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Hu
- Encephalopathy Department, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 725, South Wanping Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Sichun Gu
- Encephalopathy Department, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 725, South Wanping Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolei Yuan
- Encephalopathy Department, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 725, South Wanping Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Li
- Encephalopathy Department, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 725, South Wanping Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Canxing Yuan
- Encephalopathy Department, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 725, South Wanping Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Encephalopathy Department, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 725, South Wanping Road, Shanghai, China.
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Hang W, Fan HJ, Li YR, Xiao Q, Jia L, Song LJ, Gao Y, Jin XM, Xiao BG, Yu JZ, Ma CG, Chai Z. Wuzi Yanzong pill attenuates MPTP-induced Parkinson's Disease via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1435-1450. [PMID: 35488941 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00993-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Wuzi Yanzong Pill (WYP) was found to play a protective role on nerve cells and neurological diseases, however the molecular mechanism is unclear. To understand the molecular mechanisms that underly the neuroprotective effect of WYP on dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). PD mouse model was induced by the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Gait and hanging tests were used to assess motor behavioral function. Immunofluorescence assay was used to determine TH-positive neurons in substantia nigra (SN). Apoptosis, dopamine and neurotrophic factors as well as expression of PI3K/Akt pathway were detected by TUNEL staining, ELISA and western blotting, respectively. First, it was observed that WYP intervention improved abnormal motor function in MPTP-induced PD model, alleviated the loss of TH+ neurons in SN, and increased dopamine content in brain, revealing a potential protective effect. Second, network pharmacology was used to analyze the possible targets and pathways of WYP action in the treatment of PD. A total of 126 active components related to PD were screened in WYP, and the related core targets included ALB, GAPDH, Akt1, TP53, IL6 and TNF. Particularly, the effect of WYP on PD may be medicate through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and apoptotic regulation. The WYP treated PD mice had higher expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt and Bcl-2 but lower expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 than the non-WYP treated PD mice. Secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) were also increased in the treated mice. WYP may inhibit apoptosis and increase the secretion of neurotrophic factor via activating PI3K/ Akt signaling pathway, thus protecting the loss of dopamine neurons in MPTP-induced PD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hang
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Hui-Jie Fan
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Yan-Rong Li
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Qi Xiao
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Lu Jia
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Li-Juan Song
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Yao Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Jin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Neurological Surgery, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Bao-Guo Xiao
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jie-Zhong Yu
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| | - Cun-Gen Ma
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China.
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China.
| | - Zhi Chai
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China.
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Muhammad F, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Yang H, Li H. Antioxidative role of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Parkinson's disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114821. [PMID: 34838943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Neuroprotective Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been practiced in alternative medicine from early days. TCM-derived neuroprotective compounds, such as Chrysin, Cannabidiol, Toonasinoids, and β-asaron, exert significant effectiveness's towards Parkinson's disease (PD). Further, these neuroprotective TCM showed antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-septic, analgesic properties. Recent research showed that the reduction in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) decreased the α-synuclein (α-syn) toxicity and enhanced the dopaminergic neuron regenerations, the main hallmarks of PD. Therefore, the neuroprotective effects of novel TCM due to its antiradical activities needed deep investigations. AIMS OF THE STUDY This review aims to enlighten the neuroprotective TCM and its components with their antioxidative properties to the scientific community for future research. METHOD The relevant information on the neuroprotective TCM was gathered from scientific databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, SciFinder, Wiley Online Library, ACS Publications, and CNKI). Information was also gained from MS and Ph.D. thesis, books, and online databases. The literature cited in this review dates from 2001 to June 2, 0201. RESULTS Novel therapies for PD are accessible, mostly rely on Rivastigmine and Donepezil, offers to slow down the progression of disease at an early stage but embraces lots of disadvantages. Researchers are trying to find a potential drug against PD, which is proficient at preventing or curing the disease progress, but still needed to be further identified. Oxidative insult and mitochondrial dysfunction are thought to be the main culprit of neurodegenerations. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the only causative agent in all interactions, leading to PD, from mitochondrial dysfunctions, α-syn aggregative toxicity, and DA neurons degenerations. It is evident from the redox balance, which seems an imperative therapeutic approach against PD and was necessary for the significant neuronal activities. CONCLUSION Our study is explaining the newly discovered TCM and their neuroprotective and antioxidative properties. But also bring up the possible treatment approaches against PD for future researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahim Muhammad
- College of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Yongtao Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Clinical Center for Parkinson's Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Instiute of Biology Gansu Academy of Sciences, China.
| | - Hongyu Li
- College of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730020, China.
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The Positive Role and Mechanism of Herbal Medicine in Parkinson's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9923331. [PMID: 34567415 PMCID: PMC8457986 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9923331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease, manifested by the progressive functional impairment of the midbrain nigral dopaminergic neurons. Due to the unclear underlying pathogenesis, disease-modifying drugs for PD remain elusive. In Asia, such as in China and India, herbal medicines have been used in the treatment of neurodegenerative disease for thousands of years, which recently attracted considerable attention because of the development of curative drugs for PD. In this review, we first summarized the pathogenic factors of PD including protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, ion accumulation, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress, and the related recent advances. Secondly, we summarized 32 Chinese herbal medicines (belonging to 24 genera, such as Acanthopanax, Alpinia, and Astragalus), 22 Chinese traditional herbal formulations, and 3 Indian herbal medicines, of which the ethanol/water extraction or main bioactive compounds have been extensively investigated on PD models both in vitro and in vivo. We elaborately provided pictures of the representative herbs and the structural formula of the bioactive components (such as leutheroside B and astragaloside IV) of the herbal medicines. Also, we specified the potential targets of the bioactive compounds or extractions of herbs in view of the signaling pathways such as PI3K, NF-κB, and AMPK which are implicated in oxidative and inflammatory stress in neurons. We consider that this knowledge of herbal medicines or their bioactive components can be favorable for the development of disease-modifying drugs for PD.
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15
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Comparison and Analysis on the Existing Single-Herbal Strategies against Viral Myocarditis. Genet Res (Camb) 2021; 2021:9952620. [PMID: 34456633 PMCID: PMC8371739 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9952620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Herbal medicine is one of crucial symbols of Chinese national medicine. Investigation on molecular responses of different herbal strategies against viral myocarditis is immeasurably conducive to targeting drug development in the current international absence of miracle treatment. Methods Literature retrieval platforms were applied in the collection of existing empirical evidences for viral myocarditis-related single-herbal strategies. SwissTargetPrediction, Metascape, and Discovery Studio coordinating with multidatabases investigated underlying target genes, interactive proteins, and docking molecules in turn. Results Six single-herbal medicines consisting of Huangqi (Hedysarum Multijugum Maxim), Yuganzi (Phyllanthi Fructus), Kushen (Sophorae Flavescentis Radix), Jianghuang (Curcumaelongae Rhizoma), Chaihu (Radix Bupleuri), and Jixueteng (Spatholobus Suberectus Dunn) meet the requirement. There were 11 overlapped and 73 unique natural components detected in these herbs. SLC6A2, SLC6A4, NOS2, PPARA, PPARG, ACHE, CYP2C19, CYP51A1, and CHRM2 were equally targeted by six herbs and identified as viral myocarditis-associated symbols. MCODE algorithm exposed the hub role of SRC and EGFR in strategies without Jianghuang. Subsequently, we learned intermolecular interactions of herbal components and their targeting heart-tissue-specific CHRM2, FABP3, TNNC1, TNNI3, TNNT2, and SCN5A and cardiac-myocytes-specific IL6, MMP1, and PLAT coupled with viral myocarditis. Ten interactive characteristics such as π-alkyl and van der Waals were modeled in which ARG111, LYS253, ILE114, and VAL11 on cardiac troponin (TNNC1-TNNI3-TNNT2) and ARG208, ASN106, and ALA258 on MMP1 fulfilled potential communicating anchor with ellagic acid, 5α, 9α-dihydroxymatrine, and leachianone g via hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction, respectively. Conclusions The comprehensive outcomes uncover differences and linkages between six herbs against viral myocarditis through component and target analysis, fostering development of drugs.
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Zhao H, Li X, Yang L, Zhang L, Jiang X, Gao W, Chen P, Cheng Y, Wang F, Liu J. Isorhynchophylline Relieves Ferroptosis-Induced Nerve Damage after Intracerebral Hemorrhage Via miR-122-5p/TP53/SLC7A11 Pathway. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1981-1994. [PMID: 33942214 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03320-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Isorhynchophylline (IRN), a component of traditional Chinese herb Uncaria rhynchophylla, possesses strong antioxidant activity. Ferroptosis induced by iron overload causes cell oxidative stress after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Therefore, this study aims to explore the effects of IRN on the ferroptosis following ICH. In this study, mouse hippocampal HT-22 cells were treated with ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) alone or together with IRN, and we found IRN reduced the FAC-induced cell damage. Then, cells were treated with IRN following treatment with FAC after transfection with miR-122-5p inhibitor, and the results showed IRN reduced the FAC-induced decrease of miR-122-5p levels and relieved the ferroptosis by detecting ferroptotic marker proteins, iron ion concentration and oxidative stress level; after transfection with miR-122-5p inhibitor, the protective effects of IRN against FAC-induced ferroptosis in these cells were weakened. TP53 (also known as p53) was verified as a target of miR-122-5p by using dual luciferase reporter assay, and restoration of TP53 attenuated the effects of miR-122-5p on ferroptotic marker proteins expression, iron ion concentration and lipid ROS levels, as well as solute carrier family seven member 11 (SLC7A11) mRNA expression. SLC7A11 siRNA reversed the inhibitory effects of IRN on FAC-induced ferroptosis and oxidative stress levels. Subsequently, IRN increased the mNSS score, and decreased brain water content and EB content in ICH model. Moreover, IRN decreased ferroptosis and lipid ROS level, upregulated the expression of miR-122-5p and SLC7A11 mRNA, and inhibited TP53 expression. Our findings reveal that IRN protects neurocyte from ICH-induced ferroptosis via miR-122-5p/TP53/SLC7A11 pathway, which may provide a potential therapeutic mechanism for ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haikang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, No. 167 Fangdong Street, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, No. 167 Fangdong Street, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, No. 167 Fangdong Street, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, No. 167 Fangdong Street, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Xiaobing Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, No. 167 Fangdong Street, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Wenwen Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, No. 167 Fangdong Street, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, No. 167 Fangdong Street, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Yingying Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, No. 167 Fangdong Street, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Fenglu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, No. 167 Fangdong Street, Xi'an, 710038, China.
| | - Jianrong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, No. 167 Fangdong Street, Xi'an, 710038, China.
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Liang YT, Lin CY, Wang YH, Chou HH, Wei JCC. Associations of Chinese Herbal Medicine Usage with Risk of Dementia in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Population-Based, Nested Case-Control Study. J Altern Complement Med 2021; 27:606-612. [PMID: 33979532 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2020.0422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients who have Parkinson's disease (PD) comorbid with dementia is common. With the prolonged life expectancy, dementia is gradually becoming prevalent and affects most patients' life qualities. However, the efficacy of current treatments in dementia of PD is limited. Previous studies indicated the potential roles of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) in treating dementia, yet the correlation between CHM usage and risk of dementia in PD patients is unclear. Methods: This case-control study was nested within a National Health Insurance database of patients over 50 years with newly diagnosed PD from year 2000 to 2010. Among these PD patients, dementia and nondementia groups were discussed, respectively, in terms of the duration of taking CHM (≥90 vs. <90 days), age (50-64 vs. ≥65 years) and gender. Results: The risk of dementia in patients with PD is lower in CHM users compared with non-CHM users, especially in those taking CHM for more than 90 days (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.58; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.39-0.87). The use of CHM was significantly related to the lower risk of dementia in the subgroups of patients with age ≥65 years for CHM usage <90 days (aOR 0.68; 95% CI 0.53-0.88), patients with age ≥65 years for CHM usage ≥90 days (aOR 0.63; 95% CI 0.42-0.94), female patients using CHM for ≥90 days (aOR 0.43; 95% CI 0.22-0.84), and male patients using CHM for <90 days (aOR 0.62; 95% CI 0.43-0.88). Conclusions: The authors demonstrated the association of CHM usage with lower risk of dementia in patients with PD, especially in women with the usage of CHM for more than 90 days. Since no arbitrary causal conclusions could be drawn from retrospective cohort studies, the finding in this study could be used to generate a hypothesis for a subsequent design of prospective longitudinal study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Tzu Liang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yang Lin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsun Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Hsien Chou
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Palliative Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center of Integrated Dementia Care at Taichung City, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - James Cheng-Chung Wei
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Comparative Analysis on Single- and Multiherb Strategies in Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis Therapy. Cardiol Res Pract 2021; 2021:6621925. [PMID: 34012683 PMCID: PMC8105113 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6621925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicine unswervingly serves human health by modernizing preparation and administration. Coronary artery atherosclerosis is a serious threat to human health and survival all over the world. Following experimental and clinical evidence, we collected four herbal treatments containing herbal strategy I (San Qi), II (Injectio Salvia Miltiorrhizae), III (Danhong injection), and IV (Taoren Honghua Jian granule) against coronary artery disease. In order to analyze their similarities and differences in controlling coronary artery atherosclerosis, we investigated each herb of four strategies and revealed that the number of active components and molecule targets is increasing with the herb category of herbal strategy. Nitric oxide-associated carbonate dehydratase activity and nitrogen metabolism are tacitly enriched by target corresponding genes with statistical significance in four strategies. The herbal strategy with multiherb not merely possesses more amounts and interactions of target proteins than the strategy with single-herb but also enlarges interaction partners of target proteins like PTPN11 and STAT3 in strategy II, III, and IV. Whereas single-herb also involves regulating network core proteins in consistent with compatibility, such as SRC and PIK3R1 that are mostly targeted by strategy I, III, and IV. Comparing the targets of the herbal strategies and three existing drugs (atenolol, pravastatin and propranolol) and the symbols of coronary artery atherosclerosis, we discovered that MAOA, HTR1A, and ABCG2 are overlapping in the three groups. Hence, our work enables people to better understand the connections and distinctions of single- and multiherb on the healing of coronary artery atherosclerosis.
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Xu Z, Yang D, Huang X, Huang H. Astragaloside IV Protects 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced SH-SY5Y Cell Model of Parkinson's Disease via Activating the JAK2/STAT3 Pathway. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:631501. [PMID: 33833662 PMCID: PMC8021720 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.631501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), the main active component of Astragalus membranaceus, bears anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective activity. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease. This study explored the protective effect of AS-IV on the cell model of PD. Materials and Methods SH-SY5Y cells were incubated with different concentrations (10, 50, 100, 150, and 200 μM) of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) for 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h to establish the PD cell model. Different concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, 150, and 200 μM) of AS-IV or 15 mM JAK2/STAT3 pathway inhibitor SC99 was added for intervention 2 h before 6-OHDA treatment. The viability and morphological damage of 6-OHDA-treated SH-SY5Y cells were measured using MTT assay and Hoechst 33258 staining. The expression of microtubule associated protein 2 (MAP2) was detected by immunofluorescence staining. The levels of inflammation and oxidative stress were measured using ELISA. Apoptosis of 6-OHDA-treated SH-SY5Y cells was detected using flow cytometry, and phosphorylation level of JAK2 and STAT3 were detected using Western blot analysis. Results The survival rate of SH-SY5Y cells treated with 100 μM 6-OHDA for 24 h was about 50%. AS-IV (25–100 μM) significantly improved the viability (all p < 0.01), increased MAP2 expression, and repaired the morphological damage induced by 6-OHDA. AS-IV inhibited IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α level (all p < 0.05), reduced MDA and ROS content and increased SOD concentration, thereby reducing inflammation and oxidative stress (all p < 0.01) in 6-OHDA-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, AS-IV decreased apoptosis rate and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio induced by 6-OHDA (all p < 0.05). Mechanically, AS-IV significantly increased the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 (p < 0.01); the addition of SC99 decreased the cell viability, increased the apoptosis rate, enhanced the levels of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress. Conclusion AS-IV enhanced the cell viability, and inhibited apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress of 6-OHDA-treated SH-SY5Y cells via activating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. This study may confer novel insights for the management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhengHu Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hebei PetroChina Central Hospital, Langfang, China
| | - Dongfeng Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hebei PetroChina Central Hospital, Langfang, China
| | - Xiaojing Huang
- Department of Neurology, Hebei PetroChina Central Hospital, Langfang, China
| | - Huai Huang
- Department of Neurology, Hebei PetroChina Central Hospital, Langfang, China
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20
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Zhao DF, Fan YF, Wang FY, Hou FB, Gonzalez FJ, Li SY, Wang P, Xia YL, Ge GB, Yang L. Discovery and characterization of naturally occurring potent inhibitors of catechol- O-methyltransferase from herbal medicines. RSC Adv 2021; 11:10385-10392. [PMID: 35423513 PMCID: PMC8695704 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10425f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human catechol-O-methyltransferase (hCOMT) is considered a therapeutic target due to its crucial roles in the metabolic inactivation of endogenous neurotransmitters and xenobiotic drugs. There are nevertheless few safe and effective COMT inhibitors and there lacks a diversity in structure. To discover novel safe and effective hCOMT inhibitors from herbal products, in this study, 53 herbal products were collected and their inhibitory effects against hCOMT were investigated. Among them, Scutellariae radix (SR) displayed the most potent inhibitory effect on hCOMT with an IC50 value of 0.75 μg mL-1. To further determine specific chemicals as COMT inhibitors, an affinity ultrafiltration coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed and successfully applied to identify COMT inhibitors from SR extract. The results demonstrated that scutellarein 2, baicalein 9 and oroxylin A 12 were potent COMT inhibitors, showing a high binding index (>3) and very low IC50 values (32.9 ± 3.43 nM, 37.3 ± 4.32 nM and 18.3 ± 2.96 nM). The results of inhibition kinetics assays and docking simulations showed that compounds 2, 9 and 12 were potent competitive inhibitors against COMT-mediated 3-BTD methylation, and they could stably bind to the active site of COMT. These findings suggested that affinity ultrafiltration allows a rapid identification of natural COMT inhibitors from a complex plant extract matrix. Furthermore, scutellarein 2, baicalein 9 and oroxylin A 12 are potent inhibitors of hCOMT in SR, which could be used as promising lead compounds to develop more efficacious non-nitrocatechol COMT inhibitors for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Fang Zhao
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Yu-Fan Fan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Fang-Yuan Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Fan-Bin Hou
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Shi-Yang Li
- Analytical Central Laboratory, Shenyang Harmony Health Medical Laboratory Co. Ltd Shenyang 210112 China
| | - Ping Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203 China
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Yang-Liu Xia
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology Panjin 124221 China
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Ling Yang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203 China
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21
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Qin N, Lu X, Liu Y, Qiao Y, Qu W, Feng F, Sun H. Recent research progress of Uncaria spp. based on alkaloids: phytochemistry, pharmacology and structural chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 210:112960. [PMID: 33148492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are well-known in affording clinically useful agents, with rich medicinal values by combining with disease targets through various mechanisms. Plant secondary metabolites as lead compounds lay the foundation for the discovery and development of new drugs in disease treatment. Genus Uncaria from Rubiaceae family is a significant plant source of active alkaloids, with anti-hypertensive, sedative, anti-Alzheimer's disease, anti-drug addiction and anti-inflammatory effects. This review summarizes and discuss the research progress of Uncaria based on alkaloids in the past 15 years, mainly in the past 5 years, including biosynthesis, phytochemistry, pharmacology and structural chemistry. Among, focusing on representative compounds rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline, the pharmacological activities surrounding the central nervous system and cardiovascular system are described in detail. On the basis of case studies, this article provides a brief overview of the synthesis and analogues of representative compounds types. In summary, this review provides an early basis for further searching for new targets and activities, discussing the mechanisms of pharmacological activity and studying the structure-activity relationships of active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Qin
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Qiao
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Qu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, 223003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haopeng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, 223003, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Li X, Zhang J, Zhang X, Dong M. Puerarin suppresses MPP +/MPTP-induced oxidative stress through an Nrf2-dependent mechanism. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 144:111644. [PMID: 32763437 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we hypothesized that anti-parkinsonian effect of puerarin is attributable to its antioxidant properties via Nrf2-dependent glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis mechanism. Experimentally, we found that puerarin attenuated 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced oxidative stress through elevating biosynthetic capacity of GSH in PC12 cells. Mechanistically, puerarin suppressed Fyn phosphorylation by GSK-3β-dependent mechanism in MPP+-challenged PC12 cells. Furthermore, puerarin induced accumulation of Nrf2 in the nucleus via inhibiting its nuclear exclusion. In parallel, puerarin up-regulated antioxidant response element (ARE)-driven catalytic subunits from glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLc) expression at levels of transcription and translation. Most interestingly, pharmacological inhibitor of GSK-3β or Fyn shRNA blocked puerarin-induced Nrf2 activation in MPP+-challenged PC12 cells. Concomitantly, puerarin ameliorated motor deficits and inhibited oxidative stress in the ventral midbrain in MPTP-intoxicated wild-type (WT) mice, but failed to attenuate MPTP neurotoxicity and up-regulate GCLc gene in Nrf2-knockout (Nrf2-/-) mice, suggesting that anti-parkinsonian effect of puerarin was dependent on Nrf2. Additionally, puerarin regulated Fyn and GSK-3β phosphorylation in the ventral midbrain in MPTP-intoxicated WT mice. Collectively, the results of the study provide molecular insights into the potential therapeutic action of puerarin in Parkinson's disease, suggesting that puerarin may be a promising candidate for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Li
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Miaoxian Dong
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, China.
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23
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Li Q, Li QQ, Jia JN, Sun QY, Zhou HH, Jin WL, Mao XY. Baicalein Exerts Neuroprotective Effects in FeCl 3-Induced Posttraumatic Epileptic Seizures via Suppressing Ferroptosis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:638. [PMID: 31231224 PMCID: PMC6568039 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a prevalent type of acquired epilepsy secondary to traumatic brain injury, and is characterized by repeated seizures. Traditional antiepileptic drugs have minimal response in preventing posttraumatic epileptic seizures. It is essential for the development of new therapeutic strategy. Our previous work disclosed a potent neuroprotective role of baicalein, a flavonoid extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, against inherited epilepsy in rats. Whether baicalein has protective potential in posttraumatic epileptic seizures and the possible molecular mechanism remain elusive. Additionally, the brain is vulnerable to lipid peroxidation-induced damage due to high consumption of oxygen and abundant polyunsaturated fatty acids in neuronal membranes. Our present investigation aimed to elucidate whether baicalein exerts neuroprotective effects on posttraumatic epileptic seizures by inhibiting ferroptosis, a newly discovered lipid peroxidation-dependent cell death modality. We found that baicalein significantly reduced seizure score, number of seizures, and average seizure duration in an iron chloride (FeCl3)-induced PTE mouse model. The neuroprotective effect of baicalein was also validated in a ferric ammonium citrate (FAC)-induced HT22 hippocampal neuron damage model. Moreover, in vitro, baicalein could remarkably decrease ferroptotic indices (lipid reactive oxygen species, 4-hydroxynonenal, and prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2) and inhibit the expression of 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX) in an iron-induced HT22 cell damage model. These findings were also validated in a mouse PTE model. It was concluded that baicalein exerted neuroprotective effects against posttraumatic epileptic seizures via suppressing ferroptosis and 12/15-LOX was likely to be involved in baicalein’s neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Qiu-Qi Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Ji-Ning Jia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Qian-Yi Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Wei-Lin Jin
- Centers for Translational Medicine, Ruikang Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.,Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Information and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders and Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Mao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
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24
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Choi JH, Jang M, Lee JI, Chung WS, Cho IH. Neuroprotective Effects of a Traditional Multi-Herbal Medicine Kyung-Ok-Ko in an Animal Model of Parkinson's Disease: Inhibition of MAPKs and NF-κB Pathways and Activation of Keap1-Nrf2 Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1444. [PMID: 30618742 PMCID: PMC6300575 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kyung-Ok-Ko (KOK), a traditional multi-herbal medicine, has been widely used in Oriental medicine as a restorative that can enforce vitality of whole organs and as a medicine that can treat age-related symptoms including lack of vigor and weakened immunity. However, the beneficial effect of KOK on neurological diseases such as Parkinson's diseases (PD) is largely unknown. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine the protective effect of KOK on neurotoxicity in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse model of PD. Pre-treatment with KOK at 1 or 2 g/kg/day (p.o.) showed significant mitigating effects on neurological dysfunction (motor and welfare) based on pole, rotarod, and nest building tests. It also showed effects on survival rate. These positive effects of KOK were related to inhibition of loss of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons, reduction of MitoSOX activity, increased apoptotic cells, microglia activation, and upregulation of inflammatory factors [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, cyclooxygenase-2, and inducible nitric oxide], and reduced blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and/or striatum after MPTP intoxication. Interestingly, these effects of KOK against MPTP neurotoxicity were associated with inhibition of phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathways along with up-regulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathways in SNpc and/or striatum. Collectively, our findings suggest that KOK might be able to mitigate neurotoxicity in MPTP-induced mouse model of PD via multi-effects, including anti-neuronal and anti-BBB disruption activities through its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. Therefore, KOK might have potential for preventing and/or treating PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hee Choi
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine and Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minhee Jang
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon-Il Lee
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine and Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won-Seok Chung
- Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine and Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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25
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Baicalin alleviates 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells by down-regulation of microRNA-192-5p. Brain Res 2018; 1708:84-92. [PMID: 30552896 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), which is caused by neurodegenerative disorder, has no effective treatment until now. Baicalin was reported to have neuroprotective effects. Hence, we investigated the effects of baicalin on PD in an in vitro cell model by using 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced neurotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. PC12 cells were stimulated by 6-OHDA and were treated with baicalin and/or transfected with miR-192-5p mimic or negative control (NC). Cell viability and apoptosis were examined by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) analysis, respectively. The expression of p62, ratio of light chain (LC)3-II/LC3-I, miR-192-5p was detected by qRT-PCR. All protein expression levels were analyzed by western blot. We found that 6-OHDA significantly inhibited cell viability, induced apoptosis and autophagy, while baicalin reversed the results led by 6-OHDA. Moreover, baicalin negatively regulated expression of miR-192-5p. Under baicalin treatment, transfection with miR-192-5p mimic decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis and autophagy in 6-OHDA-treated cells compared with NC. In addition, the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (AKT) was statistically down-regulated by baicalin then thereafter reversed by miR-192-5p mimic. Baicalin reduced 6-OHDA-induced cell injury through down-regulation of miR-192-5p, as well as regulation of PI3K/AKT and MDM-2/p53 signal pathways.
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