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Olutoye OA, Style C, Menchaca A. Neurocognitive Effects of Fetal Exposure to Anesthesia. Anesthesiol Clin 2021; 39:851-869. [PMID: 34776113 DOI: 10.1016/j.anclin.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Surgery during pregnancy occurs when maternal or fetal needs outweigh the status quo, yet much uncertainty remains regarding the effects of anesthesia and surgery on fetal neurodevelopment. This article will review common maternal and fetal indications for invasive procedures, along with contemporary research on fetal neurodevelopment following anesthesia and surgery, focusing on future areas of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olutoyin A Olutoye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 6621 Fannin Street, Suite A-3300, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Candace Style
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 575 Children's Crossroad, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Alicia Menchaca
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 575 Children's Crossroad, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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Nair AS, Christopher A, Pulipaka SK, Suvvari P, Kodisharapu PK, Rayani BK. Efficacy of xenon anesthesia in preventing postoperative cognitive dysfunction after cardiac and major non-cardiac surgeries in elderly patients: a topical review. Med Gas Res 2021; 11:110-113. [PMID: 33942781 PMCID: PMC8174409 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.314330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Elderly patients undergoing major cardiac and non-cardiac surgeries have a high propensity (up to 40–60%) of developing postoperative cognitive dysfunction, which are caused by patient’s factors, type of surgery, intraoperative and postoperative factors. All these pose a challenge to the clinicians. The noble gas xenon does not undergo metabolism or any kind of biotransformation in the body owing to its inert nature. Xenon confers excellent hemodynamic stability and provides excellent recovery at the end of surgery. This topical review discusses advantages of xenon anesthesia in elderly patients undergoing major cardiac and non-cardiac surgeries and whether it is worth using a costly anesthetic in elderly patients for preventing postoperative cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit S Nair
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Ibra Hospital, Ibra, Oman; Department of Anaesthesiology, Basavatarakam Indo-American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Asiel Christopher
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Basavatarakam Indo-American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sai Kaushik Pulipaka
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Basavatarakam Indo-American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Praneeth Suvvari
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Basavatarakam Indo-American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Kodisharapu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Basavatarakam Indo-American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Basanth Kumar Rayani
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Basavatarakam Indo-American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, India
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Kubota H, Akaike H, Okamitsu N, Jang IS, Nonaka K, Kotani N, Akaike N. Xenon modulates the GABA and glutamate responses at genuine synaptic levels in rat spinal neurons. Brain Res Bull 2020; 157:51-60. [PMID: 31987927 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Effects of xenon (Xe) on whole-cell currents induced by glutamate (Glu), its three ionotropic subtypes, and GABA, as well as on the fast synaptic glutamatergic and GABAergic transmissions, were studied in the mechanically dissociated "synapse bouton preparation" of rat spinal sacral dorsal commissural nucleus (SDCN) neurons. This technique evaluates pure single or multi-synapse responses from native functional nerve endings and enables us to quantify how Xe influences pre- and postsynaptic transmissions accurately. Effects of Xe on glutamate (Glu)-, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-, kainate (KA)- and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)- and GABAA receptor-mediated whole-cell currents were investigated by the conventional whole-cell patch configuration. Excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs and IPSCs) were measured as spontaneous (s) and evoked (e) EPSCs and IPSCs. Evoked synaptic currents were elicited by paired-pulse focal electric stimulation. Xe decreased Glu, AMPA, KA, and NMDA receptor-mediated whole-cell currents but did not change GABAA receptor-mediated whole-cell currents. Xe decreased the frequency and amplitude but did not affect the 1/e decay time of the glutamatergic sEPSCs. Xe decreased the frequency without affecting the amplitude and 1/e decay time of GABAergic sIPSCs. Xe decreased the amplitude and increased the failure rate (Rf) and paired-pulse ratio (PPR) without altering the 1/e decay time of both eEPSC and eIPSC, suggesting that Xe acts on the presynaptic side of the synapse. The presynaptic inhibition was greater in eEPSCs than in eIPSCs. We conclude that Xe decreases glutamatergic and GABAergic spontaneous and evoked transmissions at the presynaptic level. The glutamatergic presynaptic responses are the main target of anesthesia-induced neuronal responses. In contrast, GABAergic responses minimally contribute to Xe anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisahiko Kubota
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Hironari Akaike
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Nobuharu Okamitsu
- Department of Electrics and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, 2-1-1 Miyake, Saeki-ku, Hiroshima, 731-5193, Japan
| | - Il-Sung Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-gu, Daegu, 700-412, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiku Nonaka
- Research Division for Life Science, Kumamoto Health Science University, 325 Izumi-machi, Kita-ku, Kumamoto, 861-5598, Japan
| | - Naoki Kotani
- Research Division of Neurophysiology, Kitamoto Hospital, 3-7-6 Kawarasone, Koshigaya, Saitama, 343-0821, Japan
| | - Norio Akaike
- Research Division of Neurophysiology, Kitamoto Hospital, 3-7-6 Kawarasone, Koshigaya, Saitama, 343-0821, Japan; Research Division for Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Corporation, Juryo Group, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, 6-8-1 Yamamuro, Kita-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8518, Japan.
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