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Hernández-Benítez LJ, Ramírez-Rodríguez MA, Hernández-Santoyo A, Rodríguez-Romero A. A trimeric glycosylated GH45 cellulase from the red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) exhibits endo and exoactivity. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301604. [PMID: 38635649 PMCID: PMC11025796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) represents North America's most important aquaculture species. Its hepatopancreas is rich in cellulases and other polysaccharide-degrading enzymes, which provide it the remarkable ability to digest cellulose-rich macroalgae; nevertheless, its cellulolytic systems are poorly explored. This manuscript describes some functional and structural properties of an endogenous trimeric glycosylated endoglucanase from H. rufescens. The purified enzyme showed a molecular mass of 23.4 kDa determined by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, which behaved as a homotrimer in gel filtration chromatography and zymograms. According to the periodic acid-Schiff reagent staining, detecting sugar moieties in SDS-PAGE gel confirmed that abalone cellulase is a glycoprotein. Hydrolysis of cello-oligosaccharides and p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranosides confirmed its endo/exoactivity. A maximum enzyme activity toward 0.5% (w/v) carboxymethylcellulose of 53.9 ± 1.0 U/mg was achieved at 45°C and pH 6.0. We elucidated the abalone cellulase primary structure using proteases and mass spectrometry methods. Based on these results and using a bioinformatic approach, we identified the gene encoding this enzyme and deduced its full-length amino acid sequence; the mature protein comprised 177 residues with a calculated molecular mass of 19.1 kDa and, according to sequence similarity, it was classified into the glycosyl-hydrolase family 45 subfamily B. An AlphaFold theoretical model and docking simulations with cellopentaose confirmed that abalone cellulase is a β-sheet rich protein, as also observed by circular dichroism experiments, with conserved catalytic residues: Asp26, Asn109, and Asp134. Interestingly, the AlphaFold-Multimer analysis indicated a trimeric assembly for abalone cellulase, which supported our experimental findings. The discovery and characterization of these enzymes may contribute to developing efficient cellulose bioconversion processes for biofuels and sustainable bioproducts.
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Chen C, Li X, Lu C, Zhou X, Chen L, Qiu C, Jin Z, Long J. Advances in alginate lyases and the potential application of enzymatic prepared alginate oligosaccharides: A mini review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129506. [PMID: 38244735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Alginate is mainly a linear polysaccharide composed of randomly arranged β-D-mannuronic acid and α-L-guluronic acid linked by α, β-(1,4)-glycosidic bonds. Alginate lyases degrade alginate mainly adopting a β-elimination mechanism, breaking the glycosidic bonds between the monomers and forming a double bond between the C4 and C5 sugar rings to produce alginate oligosaccharides consisting of 2-25 monomers, which have various physiological functions. Thus, it can be used for the continuous industrial production of alginate oligosaccharides with a specific degree of polymerization, in accordance with the requirements of green exploitation of marine resources. With the development of structural analysis, the quantity of characterized alginate lyase structures is progressively growing, leading to a concomitant improvement in understanding the catalytic mechanism. Additionally, the use of molecular modification methods including rational design, truncated expression of non-catalytic domains, and recombination of conserved domains can improve the catalytic properties of the original enzyme, enabling researchers to screen out the enzyme with the expected excellent performance with high success rate and less workload. This review presents the latest findings on the catalytic mechanism of alginate lyases and outlines the methods for molecular modifications. Moreover, it explores the connection between the degree of polymerization and the physiological functions of alginate oligosaccharides, providing a reference for enzymatic preparation development and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xingfei Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Bioengineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Long Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chao Qiu
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhengyu Jin
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jie Long
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Zhang DD, Yue YY, Zhang MD, Du ZJ. Halocynthiibacter halioticoli sp. nov., isolated from the viscera of abalone Haliotis discus hannai. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:350. [PMID: 37805946 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03686-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, glide, non-flagellated, and facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, designated as Z654T, was isolated from the gut of abalone Haliotis discus hannai from Rongcheng, Shandong province, China. Cells are 0.2-0.8 μm in width and 0.7-3.4 μm in length. Cells grew best at 30 °C (range, 15-37 °C), pH 7.0 (range, 6.0-8.5) and NaCl concentration of 2.0% (w/v) (range, 1-10%). According to the phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence, the strain belongs to the genus Halocynthiibacter and the closest strain is Halocynthiibacter arcticus KCTC 42129 T (97.12%). The genome size of strain Z654T was 3,296,250 bp and the DNA G + C content was 54.2 mol%. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) scores and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) scores with H. arcticus KCTC 42129 T were 70% and 14.6-18.2%, respectively. The predominant quinone was Q-10 and the major fatty acids were C18:0, C18:1 ω7c 11-methyl and summed feature 8. The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, unidentified aminolipid and unidentifed lipids. Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, strain Z654T was considered to represent a novel species of the genus Halocynthiibacter, for which the name Halocynthiibacte halioticoli sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is Z654T (= MCCC 1H00503T = KCTC 92003 T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Zhang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Yan Yue
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Di Zhang
- Joint Science College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, People's Republic of China
| | - Zong-Jun Du
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, People's Republic of China.
- Weihai Research Institute of Industrial Technology of Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang DD, Xuan XQ, Ye YQ, Wang YW, Du ZJ. Aestuariirhabdus haliotis sp. nov., isolated from abalone viscera and emended description of the genus Aestuariirhabdus. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel strains, Z083T and Z084, were isolated from the viscera of abalone, Haliotis discus hannai, sampled in Weihai, PR China. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genomic characteristics of the two strains were studied. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between the two strains were 99.8 and 98.9 %, respectively, suggesting that the two strains belonged to the same species. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed 99.8 % similarity between the two strains, while the genome analysis indicated that they were not from one clonal origin. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the two strains belonged to the genus
Aestuariirhabdus
and
Aestuariirhabdus litorea
JCM 32043T was the closest strain (97.5 %). Genomic analysis, including calculations of ANI, dDDH, amino acid identity (AAI) and percentage of conserved proteins (POCP), between Z083T, Z084 and
A. litorea
JCM 32043T clearly separated those two strains from
A. litorea
JCM 32043T as the values were below the thresholds for species delineation. The genome size of strains Z083T and Z084 were approximately 4.16 and 4.23 Mbp, respectively, and the DNA G+C contents of both strains were 51.8 mol%. According to the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characterizations and the results of genome analysis, Z083T and Z084 could be identified as belonging to a novel species of the genus
Aestuariirhabdus
, for which the name Aestuariirhabdus haliotis sp. nov., is proposed, with Z083T (=MCCC 1H00501T=KCTC 92006T) as the type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Zhang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qi Xuan
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Yu-Qi Ye
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Ya-Wei Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Zong-Jun Du
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
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Qu L, Cai R, Hu Z, Wang H. Metagenomic assemblage genomes analyses reveal the polysaccharides hydrolyzing potential of marine group II euryarchaea. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 209:112865. [PMID: 35120891 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Marine group II euryarchaea (MGII) dominates the planktonic archaeal community in global surface seawater and is associated to particulate organic matters mainly composed of polysaccharides. However, the polysaccharides metabolism of MGII euryarchaea is unclear. In this study, the distribution and polysaccharides metabolism potential of MGII euryarchaea in the estuary were investigated. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes showed that MGII euryarchaea was the predominant archaeal group in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE), and the relative abundance of MGII euryarchaea in particle-attached fraction was higher than that in free-living fractions. A total of 19 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) were successfully reconstructed from metagenomic data, of which 10 MAGs were grouped as MGII euryarchaea according to phylogenomic analysis. Genes encoding a variety of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) were found in MAGs/genomes of MGII euryarchaea. These CAZymes annotated in MAGs were capable of hydrolyzing many polysaccharides, including α-glucans, β-glucans, xylans, nitrogen-containing polysaccharides, and some insoluble galactans. The results also indicated that MGII euryarchaea has some unique enzymes that can hydrolyze starch, β-1,3-glucans, complex xylans, carrageenan, and agarose. Collectively, our results demonstrated that MGII euryarchaea has great polysaccharides hydrolysis potential and could play an important role in the carbon cycle of marine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Qu
- Biology Department and Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Runlin Cai
- Biology Department and Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Zhong Hu
- Biology Department and Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Biology Department and Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, China.
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Nishiyama R, Ojima T, Ohnishi Y, Kumaki Y, Aizawa T, Inoue A. An oxidative metabolic pathway of 4-deoxy-L-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronic acid (DEHU) from alginate in an alginate-assimilating bacterium. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1254. [PMID: 34728789 PMCID: PMC8563752 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02786-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate-assimilating bacteria degrade alginate into an unsaturated monosaccharide, which is converted into 4-deoxy-L-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronic acid (DEHU). DEHU is reduced to 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-gluconate by a DEHU-specific reductase using NAD(P)H. This is followed by pyruvate production via the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. Previously, we identified FlRed as a DEHU reductase in an alginate-assimilating bacterium, Flavobacterium sp. strain UMI-01. Here, we showed that FlRed can also catalyze the oxidation of DEHU with NAD+, producing 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glucarate (KDGR). FlRed showed a predilection for NADH and NAD+ over NADPH and NADP+, respectively, and the Km value for NADH was approximately 2.6-fold less than that for NAD+. Furthermore, we identified two key enzymes, FlDet and FlDeg, for KDGR catabolism. FlDet was identified as an enzyme of the ribonuclease activity regulator A family, which converts KDGR to α-ketoglutaric semialdehyde (α-KGSA). FlDeg, a type II α-KGSA dehydrogenase, generated α-ketoglutaric acid by oxidizing the aldehyde group of α-KGSA using NAD(P)+. Consequently, unlike the conventional DEHU reduction pathway, DEHU can be directly converted to α-ketoglutaric acid without consuming NAD(P)H. Alginate upregulated the expression of not only FlRed and two enzymes of the DEHU-reduction pathway, but also FlDet and FlDeg. These results revealed dual pathways of DEHU metabolism involving reduction or oxidation by FlRed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Nishiyama
- grid.39158.360000 0001 2173 7691Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido Japan
| | - Takao Ojima
- grid.39158.360000 0001 2173 7691Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido Japan
| | - Yuki Ohnishi
- grid.39158.360000 0001 2173 7691Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kumaki
- grid.39158.360000 0001 2173 7691Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Aizawa
- grid.39158.360000 0001 2173 7691Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido Japan
| | - Akira Inoue
- grid.39158.360000 0001 2173 7691Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido Japan
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Two GH16 Endo-1,3-β-D-Glucanases from Formosa agariphila and F. algae Bacteria Have Complete Different Modes of Laminarin Digestion. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 64:434-446. [PMID: 34724141 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00421-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
There is a comparative analysis of primary structures and catalytic properties of two recombinant endo-1,3-β-D-glucanases from marine bacteria Formosa agariphila KMM 3901 and previously reported F. algae KMM 3553. Both enzymes had the same molecular mass 61 kDa, temperature optimum 45 °C, and comparable ranges of thermal stability and Km. While the set of products of laminarin hydrolysis with endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase from F. algae was stable of the reaction with pH 4-9, the pH stability of the products of laminarin hydrolysis with endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase from F. agariphila varied at pH 5-6 for DP 2, at pH 4 and 7-8 for DP 5, and at pH 9 for DP 3. There were differences in modes of action of these enzymes on laminarin and 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucoside (Umb), indicating the presence of transglycosylating activity of endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase from F. algae and its absence in endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase from F. agariphila. While endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase from F. algae produced transglycosylated laminarioligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization 2-10 (predominately 3-4), endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase from F. agariphila did not catalyze transglycosylation in our lab parameters.
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Sun ZZ, Ji BW, Zheng N, Wang M, Cao Y, Wan L, Li YS, Rong JC, He HL, Chen XL, Zhang YZ, Xie BB. Phylogenetic Distribution of Polysaccharide-Degrading Enzymes in Marine Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:658620. [PMID: 33815349 PMCID: PMC8012555 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.658620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deconstruction is an essential step of conversion of polysaccharides, and polysaccharide-degrading enzymes play a key role in this process. Although there is recent progress in the identification of these enzymes, the diversity and phylogenetic distribution of these enzymes in marine microorganisms remain largely unknown, hindering our understanding of the ecological roles of marine microorganisms in the ocean carbon cycle. Here, we studied the phylogenetic distribution of nine types of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes in marine bacterial genomes. First, we manually compiled a reference sequence database containing 961 experimentally verified enzymes. With this reference database, we annotated 9,335 enzyme sequences from 2,182 high-quality marine bacterial genomes, revealing extended distribution for six enzymes at the phylum level and for all nine enzymes at lower taxonomic levels. Next, phylogenetic analyses revealed intra-clade diversity in the encoding potentials and phylogenetic conservation of a few enzymes at the genus level. Lastly, our analyses revealed correlations between enzymes, with alginate lyases demonstrating the most extensive correlations with others. Intriguingly, chitinases showed negative correlations with cellulases, alginate lyases, and agarases in a few genera. This result suggested that intra-genus lifestyle differentiation occurred many times in marine bacteria and that the utilization of polysaccharides may act as an important driver in the recent ecological differentiation of a few lineages. This study expanded our knowledge of the phylogenetic distribution of polysaccharide enzymes and provided insights into the ecological differentiation of marine bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Zhi Sun
- Microbial Technology Institute and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bo-Wen Ji
- Microbial Technology Institute and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ning Zheng
- Microbial Technology Institute and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Microbial Technology Institute and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ye Cao
- Microbial Technology Institute and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lu Wan
- Microbial Technology Institute and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi-Song Li
- Microbial Technology Institute and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin-Cheng Rong
- Microbial Technology Institute and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hai-Lun He
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Chen
- Microbial Technology Institute and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin-Bin Xie
- Microbial Technology Institute and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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Inoue A, Kudo M, Werner E, Ojima T. Identification and characterization of cellouronate (β-1,4-linked polyglucuronic acid) lyase from the scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 254:117306. [PMID: 33357872 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The semisynthetic polysaccharide cellouronate is a β-1,4-linked polyglucuronic acid prepared from regenerated cellulose by chemical oxidation. Here, we isolated a novel enzyme, MyAly, as a cellouronate lyase from a scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis. Its optimum temperature, pH, and NaCl concentration for cellouronate degradation were determined to be 30 °C, 6.9, and 200-500 mM, respectively. MyAly endolytically degraded cellouronate into unsaturated di-, tri-, and tetrasaccharides with kcat of 31.1 s-1. MyAly also showed an alginate-degradation activity with a kcat value of 0.58 s-1. However, there was no significant difference in Km values between cellouronate and alginate. MyAly consisted of 280 amino acids and shared 36.5-44.1 % identity with known marine gastropod alginate lyases belonging to the polysaccharide lyase family 14. This is the first study to identify and characterize a cellouronate-degrading lyase from a marine organism, providing a better understanding of the biodegradability of the industrially important polysaccharide, cellouronate, in marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Inoue
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Microbiology, Division of Marine Life Science, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8611, Japan.
| | - Masataka Kudo
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Microbiology, Division of Marine Life Science, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Elisa Werner
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Takao Ojima
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Microbiology, Division of Marine Life Science, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8611, Japan
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Genomic and transcriptomic landscapes and evolutionary dynamics of molluscan glycoside hydrolase families with implications for algae-feeding biology. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:2744-2756. [PMID: 33101612 PMCID: PMC7560691 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide characterization of GH families is conducted for Mollusca. GH9, GH10, GH18 and GH20 families are remarkably expanded in molluscs. The wide adoption of CBMs likely facilitates the hydrolysis of polysaccharides. Hepatopancreas is the main organ for the prominent expression of GH families. Functional divergence of GH families possibly contributes to their adaptive roles.
The hydrolysis of sugar-containing compounds by glycoside hydrolases (GHs) plays essential roles in many major biological processes, but to date our systematic understanding of the functional diversity and evolution of GH families remains largely limited to a few well-studied terrestrial animals. Molluscs represent the largest marine phylum in the animal kingdom, and many of them are herbivorous that utilize algae as a main nutritional source, making them good subjects for studying the functional diversity and adaptive evolution of GH families. In the present study, we conducted genome-wide identification and functional and evolutionary analysis of all GH families across major molluscan lineages. We revealed that the remarkable expansion of the GH9, GH10, GH18 and GH20 families and the wide adoption of carbohydrate-binding modules in molluscan expanded GH families likely contributed to the efficient hydrolysis of marine algal polysaccharides and were involved in the consolidation of molluscan algae-feeding habits. Gene expression and network analysis revealed the hepatopancreas as the main organ for the prominent expression of approximately half of the GH families (well corresponding to the digestive roles of the hepatopancreas) and key or hub GHs in the coexpression gene network with potentially diverse functionalities. We also revealed the evolutionary signs of differential expansion and functional divergence of the GH family, which possibly contributed to lineage-specific adaptation. Systematic analysis of GH families at both genomic and transcriptomic levels provides important clues for understanding the functional divergence and evolution of GH gene families in molluscs in relation to their algae-feeding biology.
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Extraction of polysaccharides from brown algae: rheological studies. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-020-00867-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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