1
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Toporkova YY, Smirnova EO, Gorina SS. Epoxyalcohol Synthase Branch of Lipoxygenase Cascade. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:821-841. [PMID: 38248355 PMCID: PMC10813956 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins are one of the most important classes of bioregulators, biosynthesized through the oxidative metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids in various aerobic organisms. Oxylipins are bioregulators that maintain homeostasis at the cellular and organismal levels. The most important oxylipins are mammalian eicosanoids and plant octadecanoids. In plants, the main source of oxylipins is the lipoxygenase cascade, the key enzymes of which are nonclassical cytochromes P450 of the CYP74 family, namely allene oxide synthases (AOSs), hydroperoxide lyases (HPLs), and divinyl ether synthases (DESs). The most well-studied plant oxylipins are jasmonates (AOS products) and traumatin and green leaf volatiles (HPL products), whereas other oxylipins remain outside of the focus of researchers' attention. Among them, there is a large group of epoxy hydroxy fatty acids (epoxyalcohols), whose biosynthesis has remained unclear for a long time. In 2008, the first epoxyalcohol synthase of lancelet Branchiostoma floridae, BfEAS (CYP440A1), was discovered. The present review collects data on EASs discovered after BfEAS and enzymes exhibiting EAS activity along with other catalytic activities. This review also presents the results of a study on the evolutionary processes possibly occurring within the P450 superfamily as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Y. Toporkova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, P.O. Box 261, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (E.O.S.); (S.S.G.)
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2
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Maeda Y, Tanaka T. Molecular Insights into Lipoxygenases in Diatoms Based on Structure Prediction: a Pioneering Study on Lipoxygenases Found in Pseudo-nitzschia arenysensis and Fragilariopsis cylindrus. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 24:468-479. [PMID: 35397048 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10120-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms produce a variety of oxylipins which are oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids and are involved in chemical defense and intercellular communication, among other roles. Although the chemistry of diatom oxylipins has long been studied, the enzymes involved in their production, in particular lipoxygenase (LOX), which catalyzes the initial reaction of the synthesis, have not been discovered in diatom genomes. Recently, diatom LOXs were found in two species, Pseudo-nitzschia arenysensis (PaLOX) and Fragilariopsis cylindrus (FcLOX); however, the enzymology of these LOXs is largely unknown. In this review article, we discuss the potential functions of the diatom LOXs based on previously reported structures of LOXs derived from various organisms other than diatoms. Since the structures of PaLOX and FcLOX have not yet been solved, we discussed their functions, such as regio- and stereospecificities, on the basis of their structures predicted using a computational tool based on deep learning technology. Both diatom LOXs were predicted to conserve common core domains with relatively wide substrate-binding pockets. The stereo-determinant residues in PaLOX and FcLOX suggest S specificity. We assume that the highly conserved common core domain can be a clue to reveal unidentified lox genes from the accumulated diatom genome information with the aid of high-throughput structure prediction tools and structure-based alignment tools in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Maeda
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Tanaka
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan.
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3
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Sabatino V, Orefice I, Marotta P, Ambrosino L, Chiusano ML, d'Ippolito G, Romano G, Fontana A, Ferrante MI. Silencing of a Pseudo-nitzschia arenysensis lipoxygenase transcript leads to reduced oxylipin production and impaired growth. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:809-822. [PMID: 34533849 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Because of their importance as chemical mediators, the presence of a rich and varied family of lipoxygenase (LOX) products, collectively named oxylipins, has been investigated thoroughly in diatoms, and the involvement of these products in important processes such as bloom regulation has been postulated. Nevertheless, little information is available on the enzymes and pathways operating in these protists. Exploiting transcriptome data, we identified and characterized a LOX gene, PaLOX, in Pseudo-nitzschia arenysensis, a marine diatom known to produce different species of oxylipins by stereo- and regio-selective oxidation of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) at C12 and C15. PaLOX RNA interference correlated with a decrease of the lipid-peroxidizing activity and oxylipin synthesis, as well as with a reduction of growth of P. arenysensis. In addition, sequence analysis and structure models of the C-terminal part of the predicted protein closely fitted with the data for established LOXs from other organisms. The presence in the genome of a single LOX gene, whose downregulation impairs both 12- and 15-oxylipins synthesis, together with the in silico 3D protein modelling suggest that PaLOX encodes for a 12/15S-LOX with a dual specificity, and provides additional support to the correlation between cell growth and oxylipin biosynthesis in diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Sabatino
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, Naples, 80121, Italy
| | - Ida Orefice
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, Naples, 80121, Italy
| | - Pina Marotta
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, Naples, 80121, Italy
| | - Luca Ambrosino
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, Naples, 80121, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Chiusano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, Naples, 80121, Italy
- Department of Agriculture, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Giuliana d'Ippolito
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli - Naples, I-80078, Italy
| | - Giovanna Romano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, Naples, 80121, Italy
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli - Naples, I-80078, Italy
- Laboratory of Bio-Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via Cupa Nuova Cinthia 21, Napoli, 80126, Italy
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4
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Mc Gee D, Archer L, Parkes R, Fleming GTA, Santos HM, Touzet N. The role of methyl jasmonate in enhancing biomass yields and bioactive metabolites in Stauroneis sp. (Bacillariophyceae) revealed by proteome and biochemical profiling. J Proteomics 2021; 249:104381. [PMID: 34536592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The diatom Stauroneis sp. was previously identified as a promising source of fucoxanthin and omega-3 oils. Methyl jasmonate (MJ) supplementation is known to enhance metabolite yields in this species without impacting on growth or photosynthesis. Therefore, a label-free proteomics approach was undertaken to further evaluate the functional role of MJ on the diatom's physiology. Of the twenty cultivation regimes were screened, Uf/2 medium with green+white LED's induced the greatest metabolic response when exposed to 10 μM MJ treatment. These conditions significantly enhanced the pigment and total cellular lipids contents. The increase in fucoxanthin correlating with a 20% increase in Trolox reducing equivalent in the total antioxidant assay, indicating a non-enzymatic antioxidant role of fucoxanthin to mitigate the detrimental effects of a redox imbalance within chloroplasts. The proteomics identified 197 proteins up-regulated 48 h after MJ exposure including cell signalling cascades, photosynthetic processes, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid biosynthesis and chloroplast biogenesis. MJ strengthened the dark reactions of photosynthesis to support growth and metabolite fluxes. The MJ-induced ER stress protein triggered lipid body production, facilitating metabolite turnover and trafficking between cellular organelles. Plastid terminal oxidase and glutamate 1-semialdehyde 2,1-aminomutase may act as MJ-induced ROS responsive regulatory switch to support chloroplast biosynthesis. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Phytohormones represents a promising tool to enhance the high-value metabolite yields in plants and algae, however little is known of the role of methyl jasmonate in diatoms at a molecular level. A shotgun proteomics approach was undertaken to determine the influence of MJ on the diatom's cellular physiology in the marine diatom Stauroneis sp., revealing a signal transduction cascade leading to increased lipid and pigment content and identified promising targets for genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dónal Mc Gee
- Centre for Environmental Research, Sustainability and Innovation (CERIS), School of Science, Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland.
| | - Lorraine Archer
- Centre for Environmental Research, Sustainability and Innovation (CERIS), School of Science, Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Rachel Parkes
- Centre for Environmental Research, Sustainability and Innovation (CERIS), School of Science, Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Gerard T A Fleming
- Microbiology Department, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Hugo M Santos
- Bioscope Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829_516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Nicolas Touzet
- Centre for Environmental Research, Sustainability and Innovation (CERIS), School of Science, Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
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Russo E, Lauritano C, d'Ippolito G, Fontana A, Sarno D, von Elert E, Ianora A, Carotenuto Y. RNA-Seq and differential gene expression analysis in Temora stylifera copepod females with contrasting non-feeding nauplii survival rates: an environmental transcriptomics study. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:693. [PMID: 33023465 PMCID: PMC7541278 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07112-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Copepods are fundamental components of pelagic food webs, but reports on how molecular responses link to reproductive success in natural populations are still scarce. We present a de novo transcriptome assembly and differential expression (DE) analysis in Temora stylifera females collected in the Gulf of Naples, Mediterranean Sea, where this copepod dominates the zooplankton community. High-Throughput RNA-Sequencing and DE analysis were performed from adult females collected on consecutive weeks (May 23rd and 30th 2017), because opposite naupliar survival rates were observed. We aimed at detecting key genes that may have influenced copepod reproductive potential in natural populations and whose expression was potentially affected by phytoplankton-derived oxylipins, lipoxygenase-derived products strongly impacting copepod naupliar survival. Results On the two sampling dates, temperature, salinity, pH and oxygen remained stable, while variations in phytoplankton cell concentration, oxylipin concentration and oxylipin-per-diatom-cell production were observed. T. stylifera naupliar survival was 25% on May 23rd and 93% on May 30th. De novo assembly generated 268,665 transcripts (isoforms) and 120,749 unique ‘Trinity predicted genes’ (unigenes), of which 50% were functionally annotated. Out of the 331 transcript isoforms differentially expressed between the two sampling dates, 119 sequences were functionally annotated (58 up- and 61 down-regulated). Among predicted genes (unigenes), 144 sequences were differentially expressed and 31 (6 up-regulated and 25 down-regulated) were functionally annotated. Most of the significantly down-regulated unigenes and isoforms were A5 Putative Odorant Binding Protein (Obp). Other differentially expressed sequences (isoforms and unigenes) related to developmental metabolic processes, protein ubiquitination, response to stress, oxidation-reduction reactions and hydrolase activities. DE analysis was validated through Real Time-quantitative PCR of 9 unigenes and 3 isoforms. Conclusions Differential expression of sequences involved in signal detection and transduction, cell differentiation and development offered a functional interpretation to the maternally-mediated low naupliar survival rates observed in samples collected on May 23rd. Down-regulation of A5 Obp along with higher quantities of oxylipins-per-litre and oxylipins-per-diatom-cell observed on May 23rd could suggest oxylipin-mediated impairment of naupliar survival in natural populations of T. stylifera. Our results may help identify biomarker genes explaining variations in copepod reproductive responses at a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ennio Russo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy.,Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Chiara Lauritano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana d'Ippolito
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Diana Sarno
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Eric von Elert
- Universität zu Köln, Aquatic Chemical Ecology Group, Zülpicher Straβe 47b, D-50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Adrianna Ianora
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Ylenia Carotenuto
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy.
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6
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Multiple Roles of Diatom-Derived Oxylipins within Marine Environments and Their Potential Biotechnological Applications. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18070342. [PMID: 32629777 PMCID: PMC7401250 DOI: 10.3390/md18070342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical ecology of marine diatoms has been the subject of several studies in the last decades, due to the discovery of oxylipins with multiple simultaneous functions including roles in chemical defence (antipredator, allelopathic and antibacterial compounds) and/or cell-to-cell signalling. Diatoms represent a fundamental compartment of marine ecosystems because they contribute to about 45% of global primary production even if they represent only 1% of the Earth’s photosynthetic biomass. The discovery that they produce several toxic metabolites deriving from the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, known as oxylipins, has changed our perspectives about secondary metabolites shaping plant–plant and plant–animal interactions in the oceans. More recently, their possible biotechnological potential has been evaluated, with promising results on their potential as anticancer compounds. Here, we focus on some recent findings in this field obtained in the last decade, investigating the role of diatom oxylipins in cell-to-cell communication and their negative impact on marine biota. Moreover, we also explore and discuss the possible biotechnological applications of diatom oxylipins.
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7
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Diatom-Derived Polyunsaturated Aldehydes Are Unlikely to Influence the Microbiota Composition of Laboratory-Cultured Diatoms. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10030029. [PMID: 32213870 PMCID: PMC7151586 DOI: 10.3390/life10030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diatom-derived oxylipins, including polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUA), are considered to have infochemical, allelochemical and bacteriostatic properties, with plausible roles as grazing deterrents and regulators of inter- and intraspecific competition. However, the extent and mechanisms of how PUA influence diatom–bacteria interactions remain unresolved. In this study, impacts on the diversity of the associated bacterial communities (microbiota) of two contrasting Skeletonema marinoi strains (a PUA and a non-PUA producer) were investigated under three nitrate conditions in batch culture. Further, the response of the culture microbiota was studied when spiked with PUA at ecologically relevant concentrations (86nM octadienal and 290nM heptadienal). Of the 741 identified OTUs, Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum (62.10%), followed by Bacteroidetes (12.33%) and Firmicutes (6.11%). Escherichia/Shigella were the most abundant genera for all treatments. Similar communities were present in both spiked and non-spiked cultures suggesting they can tolerate PUA exposure at realistic concentrations. This study suggests that PUA are not major drivers of diatom–bacteria interactions in laboratory cultures.
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8
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Gallo C, Landi S, d'Ippolito G, Nuzzo G, Manzo E, Sardo A, Fontana A. Diatoms synthesize sterols by inclusion of animal and fungal genes in the plant pathway. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4204. [PMID: 32144288 PMCID: PMC7060231 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60993-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diatoms are ubiquitous microalgae that have developed remarkable metabolic plasticity and gene diversification. Here we report the first elucidation of the complete biosynthesis of sterols in the lineage. The study has been carried out on the bloom-forming species Skeletonema marinoi and Cyclotella cryptica that synthesise an ensemble of sterols with chemotypes of animals (cholesterol and desmosterol), plants (dihydrobrassicasterol and 24-methylene cholesterol), algae (fucosterol) and marine invertebrates (clionasterol). In both species, sterols derive from mevalonate through cyclization of squalene to cycloartenol by cycloartenol synthase. The pathway anticipates synthesis of cholesterol by enzymes of the phytosterol route in plants, as recently reported in Solanaceae. Major divergences stem from reduction of Δ24(28) and Δ24(25) double bonds which, in diatoms, are apparently dependent on sterol reductases of fungi, algae and animals. Phylogenetic comparison revealed a good level of similarity between the sterol biosynthetic genes of S. marinoi and C. cryptica with those in the genomes of the other diatoms sequenced so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Gallo
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy
| | - Simone Landi
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy.,Univeristy of Naples "Federico II", Department of Biology, Cupa Nuova Cintia 21, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuliana d'Ippolito
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy.
| | - Genoveffa Nuzzo
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy
| | - Emiliano Manzo
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy
| | - Angela Sardo
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy.,Stazione Zoologica "A. Dohrn", Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - Angelo Fontana
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy.
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9
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Ruocco N, Nuzzo G, d’Ippolito G, Manzo E, Sardo A, Ianora A, Romano G, Iuliano A, Zupo V, Costantini M, Fontana A. Lipoxygenase Pathways in Diatoms: Occurrence and Correlation with Grazer Toxicity in Four Benthic Species. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18010066. [PMID: 31963814 PMCID: PMC7024367 DOI: 10.3390/md18010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygenated derivatives of fatty acids, collectively called oxylipins, are a highly diverse family of lipoxygenase (LOX) products well described in planktonic diatoms. Here we report the first investigation of these molecules in four benthic diatoms, Cylindrotheca closterium, Nanofrustulum shiloi, Cocconeis scutellum, and Diploneis sp. isolated from the leaves of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica from the Gulf of Naples. Analysis by hyphenated MS techniques revealed that C. closterium, N. shiloi, and C. scutellum produce several polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs) and linear oxygenated fatty acids (LOFAs) related to the products of LOX pathways in planktonic species. Diploneis sp. also produced other unidentified fatty acid derivatives that are not related to LOX metabolism. The levels and composition of oxylipins in the benthic species match their negative effects on the reproductive success in the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. In agreement with this correlation, the most toxic species N. shiloi revealed the same LOX pathways of Skeletonema marinoi and Thalassiosira rotula, two bloom-forming planktonic diatoms that affect copepod reproduction. Overall, our data highlight for the first time a major role of oxylipins, namely LOFAs, as info-chemicals for benthic diatoms, and open new perspectives in the study of the structuring of benthic communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Ruocco
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy; (N.R.); (G.N.); (G.d.); (E.M.); (A.S.)
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy; (A.I.); (V.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Genoveffa Nuzzo
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy; (N.R.); (G.N.); (G.d.); (E.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Giuliana d’Ippolito
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy; (N.R.); (G.N.); (G.d.); (E.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Emiliano Manzo
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy; (N.R.); (G.N.); (G.d.); (E.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Angela Sardo
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy; (N.R.); (G.N.); (G.d.); (E.M.); (A.S.)
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy; (A.I.); (V.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Adrianna Ianora
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy; (A.I.); (V.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Giovanna Romano
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy; (A.I.); (V.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Antonella Iuliano
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo “Mauro Picone”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Valerio Zupo
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy; (A.I.); (V.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Maria Costantini
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy; (A.I.); (V.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy; (N.R.); (G.N.); (G.d.); (E.M.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0818675096
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10
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Jagusch H, Werner M, Werz O, Pohnert G. 15‐Hydroperoxy‐PGE 2: Intermediate in Mammalian and Algal Prostaglandin Biosynthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Jagusch
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Instrumental Analytics/Bioorganic AnalyticsFriedrich Schiller University Jena Lessingstraße 8 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Markus Werner
- Institute of PharmacyDepartment of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University Jena Philosophenweg 14 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Institute of PharmacyDepartment of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University Jena Philosophenweg 14 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Georg Pohnert
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Instrumental Analytics/Bioorganic AnalyticsFriedrich Schiller University Jena Lessingstraße 8 07743 Jena Germany
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11
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Jagusch H, Werner M, Werz O, Pohnert G. 15-Hydroperoxy-PGE 2 : Intermediate in Mammalian and Algal Prostaglandin Biosynthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17641-17645. [PMID: 31529599 PMCID: PMC6899959 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic‐acid‐derived prostaglandins (PGs), specifically PGE2, play a central role in inflammation and numerous immunological reactions. The enzymes of PGE2 biosynthesis are important pharmacological targets for anti‐inflammatory drugs. Besides mammals, certain edible marine algae possess a comprehensive repertoire of bioactive arachidonic‐acid‐derived oxylipins including PGs that may account for food poisoning. Described here is the analysis of PGE2 biosynthesis in the red macroalga Gracilaria vermiculophylla that led to the identification of 15‐hydroperoxy‐PGE2, a novel precursor of PGE2 and 15‐keto‐PGE2. Interestingly, this novel precursor is also produced in human macrophages where it represents a key metabolite in an alternative biosynthetic PGE2 pathway in addition to the well‐established arachidonic acid‐PGG2‐PGH2‐PGE2 route. This alternative pathway of mammalian PGE2 biosynthesis may open novel opportunities to intervene with inflammation‐related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Jagusch
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Instrumental Analytics/Bioorganic Analytics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Werner
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Georg Pohnert
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Instrumental Analytics/Bioorganic Analytics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
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12
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Russo E, d'Ippolito G, Fontana A, Sarno D, D'Alelio D, Busseni G, Ianora A, von Elert E, Carotenuto Y. Density-dependent oxylipin production in natural diatom communities: possible implications for plankton dynamics. ISME JOURNAL 2019; 14:164-177. [PMID: 31611654 PMCID: PMC6908693 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0518-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Oxylipins are important signal transduction lipoxygenase-derived products of fatty acids that regulate a variety of physiological and pathological processes in plants and animals. In marine diatoms, these molecules can be highly bioactive, impacting zooplankton grazers, bacteria and other phytoplankton. However, the ultimate cause for oxylipin production in diatoms is still poorly understood, from an evolutionary perspective. Here we analysed production of particulate linear oxygenated fatty acids (LOFAs, previously named non-volatile oxylipins) from natural phytoplankton collected weekly for 1 year. We demonstrate for the first time that diatoms are the main LOFA producers in natural phytoplankton assemblages. Interestingly, LOFA-per-cell production decreased with increasing diatom density and was not due to major changes in diatom community composition. An inverse relation was confirmed at a global scale by analysing diatom lipoxygenase unigenes and metagenomes from Tara Oceans datasets. A network analysis suggested that different LOFAs could contribute to modulate co-variations of different diatom taxa. Overall, we offer new insights in diatom chemical ecology, possibly explaining the evolution of oxylipin synthesis in diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ennio Russo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuliana d'Ippolito
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Bio-molecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Bio-molecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Diana Sarno
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - Domenico D'Alelio
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - Greta Busseni
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - Adrianna Ianora
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - Eric von Elert
- Aquatic Chemical Ecology Group, Institute for Zoology, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Straße 47b, D-50674, Köln, Germany
| | - Ylenia Carotenuto
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy.
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13
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Nuzzo G, Gallo C, d'Ippolito G, Manzo E, Ruocco N, Russo E, Carotenuto Y, Costantini M, Zupo V, Sardo A, Fontana A. UPLC⁻MS/MS Identification of Sterol Sulfates in Marine Diatoms. Mar Drugs 2018; 17:md17010010. [PMID: 30586934 PMCID: PMC6356472 DOI: 10.3390/md17010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diatoms are unicellular eukaryotic organisms that play a key ecological and biogeochemical role in oceans as major primary producers. Recently, these microalgae have also attracted interest as a promising source of functional products with widespread relevance. Progress in the knowledge of cell and molecular biology of diatoms is envisaged as a key step to understanding regulation of their life cycle in marine environments as well as facilitating their full and profitable exploitation by biotechnological platforms. Recently, we identified sterol sulfates (StS) as regulatory molecules of cell death in the diatom Skeletonema marinoi. As these compounds may have a general role in diatom physiology and chemical signals in aquatic systems, we investigated a suitable tool for their analysis in laboratory and field samples. Herein, we describe a sensitive, fast, and efficient ultra performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS) method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of StS from crude extract of diatoms and other microalgae. The method was applied to 13 different strains of our collection of marine protists. This first study suggested a species-specific distribution of StS and identified the sulfated derivatives of 24-methylene cholesterol and 24-methyl cholesterol as the most common members in diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genoveffa Nuzzo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Naples, Italy.
| | - Carmela Gallo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuliana d'Ippolito
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Naples, Italy.
| | - Emiliano Manzo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Naples, Italy.
| | - Nadia Ruocco
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Naples, Italy.
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy.
| | - Ennio Russo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Ylenia Carotenuto
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Maria Costantini
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy.
| | - Valerio Zupo
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy.
| | - Angela Sardo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Naples, Italy.
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Naples, Italy.
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14
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Adelfi MG, Vitale RM, d'Ippolito G, Nuzzo G, Gallo C, Amodeo P, Manzo E, Pagano D, Landi S, Picariello G, Ferrante MI, Fontana A. Patatin-like lipolytic acyl hydrolases and galactolipid metabolism in marine diatoms of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1864:181-190. [PMID: 30521937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are eukaryotic microalgae that play a pivotal role in biological and geochemical marine cycles. These microorganisms are at the basis of the trophic chain and their lipids are essential components (e.g. eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA) of aquatic food webs. Galactolipids are the primary lipid components of plastid membranes and form the largest lipid family of diatoms. As source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), these compounds are also involved in the synthesis of lipoxygenase (LOX) products such as non-volatile oxylipins and polyunsaturated aldehydes. Here, we report the first identification of two genes, namely PmLAH1 and PaLAH1, coding for lipolytic enzymes in two diatoms of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia. Functional and modeling studies evidence a patatin-like domain endowed with galactolipase and phospholipase activity at the C-terminus of both proteins. Homologues of Pseudo-nitzschia LAH1 genes were retrieved in other diatom species so far sequenced in agreement with conservation of the functional role of these proteins within the lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Adelfi
- CNR-Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Vitale
- CNR-Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana d'Ippolito
- CNR-Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Genoveffa Nuzzo
- CNR-Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Gallo
- CNR-Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Amodeo
- CNR-Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Emiliano Manzo
- CNR-Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Pagano
- CNR-Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Simone Landi
- CNR-Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Picariello
- CNR-Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione, Via Roma, 52, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Fontana
- CNR-Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.
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