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Dai D, Zhu Z, Han H, Xu T, Feng S, Zhang W, Ding F, Zhang R, Zhu J. Enhanced tyrosine sulfation is associated with chronic kidney disease-related atherosclerosis. BMC Biol 2023; 21:151. [PMID: 37424015 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01641-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) accelerates atherosclerosis, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Tyrosine sulfation has been recognized as a key post-translational modification (PTM) in regulation of various cellular processes, and the sulfated adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors have been shown to participate in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis via enhancement of monocyte/macrophage function. The levels of inorganic sulfate, the essential substrate for the sulfation reaction, are dramatically increased in patients with CKD, which indicates a change of sulfation status in CKD patients. Thus, in the present study, we detected the sulfation status in CKD patients and probed into the impact of sulfation on CKD-related atherosclerosis by targeting tyrosine sulfation function. RESULTS PBMCs from individuals with CKD showed higher amounts of total sulfotyrosine and tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase (TPST) type 1 and 2 protein levels. The plasma level of O-sulfotyrosine, the metabolic end product of tyrosine sulfation, increased significantly in CKD patients. Statistically, O-sulfotyrosine and the coronary atherosclerosis severity SYNTAX score positively correlated. Mechanically, more sulfate-positive nucleated cells in peripheral blood and more abundant infiltration of sulfated macrophages in deteriorated vascular plaques in CKD ApoE null mice were noted. Knockout of TPST1 and TPST2 decreased atherosclerosis and peritoneal macrophage adherence and migration in CKD condition. The sulfation of the chemokine receptors, CCR2 and CCR5, was increased in PBMCs from CKD patients. CONCLUSIONS CKD is associated with increased sulfation status. Increased sulfation contributes to monocyte/macrophage activation and might be involved in CKD-related atherosclerosis. Inhibition of sulfation may suppress CKD-related atherosclerosis and is worthy of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daopeng Dai
- Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengbin Zhu
- Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hui Han
- Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Tian Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Feng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Fenghua Ding
- Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ruiyan Zhang
- Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jinzhou Zhu
- Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Chen S, Liu YH, Dai DP, Zhu ZB, Dai Y, Wu ZM, Zhang LP, Duan ZF, Lu L, Ding FH, Zhu JZ, Zhang RY. Using circulating O-sulfotyrosine in the differential diagnosis of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. BMC Nephrol 2021; 22:66. [PMID: 33622294 PMCID: PMC7903698 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-021-02268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sulfation of tyrosine, yielding O-sulfotyrosine, is a common but fixed post-translational modification in eukaryotes. Patients with increased circulating O-sulfotyrosine levels experience a faster decline in renal function with progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In the present study, we measured serum O-sulfotyrosine levels in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI) to explore its ability to differentiate AKI from CKD. Methods A total of 135 patients (20 with AKI and 115 with CKD) were recruited prospectively for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assessment of circulating O-sulfotyrosine. We also studied C57BL/6 mice with CKD after 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx). Blood samples were drawn from the tail vein on Day 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 30, 60, and 90 after CKD. Serum separation and characterization of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and O-sulfotyrosine was performed. Thus, the time-concentration curves of the O-sulfotyrosine level demonstrate the variation of kidney dysfunction. Results The serum levels of O-sulfotyrosine were markedly increased in patients with CKD compared with AKI. Median O-sulfotyrosine levels in CKD patients versus AKI, respectively, were as follows:243.61 ng/mL(interquartile range [IQR] = 171.90–553.86) versus 126.55 ng/mL (IQR = 48.19–185.03, P = 0.004). In patients with CKD, O-sulfotyrosine levels were positively correlated with creatinine, BUN, and Cystatin C (r = 0.63, P < 0.001; r = 0.49, P < 0.001; r = 0.61, P < 0.001, respectively) by the multivariate linear regression analysis (β = 0.71, P < 0.001; β = 0.40, P = 0.002; β = 0.73, P < 0.001, respectively). However, this association was not statistically significant in patients with AKI (r = − 0.17, P = 0.472; r = 0.11, P = 0.655; r = 0.09, P = 0.716, respectively). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis illustrated that the area under the curve was 0.80 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.71–0.89; P < 0.001) and the optimal cut-off value of serum O-sulfotyrosine suggesting AKI was < 147.40 ng/mL with a sensitivity and specificity of 80.90 and 70.00% respectively. In animal experiments, serum levels of O-sulfotyrosine in mice were elevated on Day 7 after 5/6 nephrectomy (14.89 ± 1.05 vs. 8.88 ± 2.62 ng/mL, P < 0.001) until Day 90 (32.65 ± 5.59 vs. 8.88 ± 2.62 ng/mL, P < 0.001). Conclusion Serum O-sulfotyrosine levels were observed correlated with degrading renal function and in CKD patients substantially higher than those in AKI patients. Thus serum O-sulfotyrosine facilitated the differential diagnosis of AKI from CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Chen
- Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Hua Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Bao Shan People's Hospital, Baoshan, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Dao-Peng Dai
- Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Bin Zhu
- Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Dai
- Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Wu
- Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Ping Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Bao Shan People's Hospital, Baoshan, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Duan
- Department of Cardiology, Bao Shan People's Hospital, Baoshan, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng-Hua Ding
- Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jin-Zhou Zhu
- Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Rui-Yan Zhang
- Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Zhou XX, Bracken CJ, Zhang K, Zhou J, Mou Y, Wang L, Cheng Y, Leung KK, Wells JA. Targeting Phosphotyrosine in Native Proteins with Conditional, Bispecific Antibody Traps. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:17703-17713. [PMID: 32924468 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Engineering sequence-specific antibodies (Abs) against phosphotyrosine (pY) motifs embedded in folded polypeptides remains highly challenging because of the stringent requirement for simultaneous recognition of the pY motif and the surrounding folded protein epitope. Here, we present a method named phosphotyrosine Targeting by Recombinant Ab Pair, or pY-TRAP, for in vitro engineering of binders for native pY proteins. Specifically, we create the pY protein by unnatural amino acid misincorporation, mutagenize a universal pY-binding Ab to create a first binder B1 for the pY motif on the pY protein, and then select against the B1-pY protein complex for a second binder B2 that recognizes the composite epitope of B1 and the pY-containing protein complex. We applied pY-TRAP to create highly specific binders to folded Ub-pY59, a rarely studied Ub phosphoform exclusively observed in cancerous tissues, and ZAP70-pY248, a kinase phosphoform regulated in feedback signaling pathways in T cells. The pY-TRAPs do not have detectable binding to wild-type proteins or to other pY peptides or proteins tested. This pY-TRAP approach serves as a generalizable method for engineering sequence-specific Ab binders to native pY proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin X Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Colton J Bracken
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Kaihua Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Yun Mou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Yifan Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Kevin K Leung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - James A Wells
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California 94158, United States.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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