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Occhiuzzi MA, Ioele G, De Luca M, Rizzuti B, Scordamaglia D, Lappano R, Maggiolini M, Garofalo A, Grande F. Dissecting CYP1A2 Activation by Arylalkanoic Acid Prodrugs toward the Development of Anti-Inflammatory Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:435. [PMID: 38203608 PMCID: PMC10779369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Arylalkane-derived prodrugs of arylacetic acids are a small group of substances that have long been known for their anti-inflammatory action. Despite their ease of synthesis and good potential for the development of new potent and safe anti-inflammatory agents, this group of substances has not received much attention from researchers so far. Therefore, representative arylalkane derivatives were investigated through molecular docking techniques to verify the possible hepatic activation mode toward active metabolites by CYP1A2. In this regard, arylalkanoic acid prodrugs were docked with a crystallographic structure of human CYP1A2, in which the enzyme is co-crystallized with the selective competitive inhibitor α-naphthoflavone BHF. Of note, all the examined compounds proved capable of interacting with the enzyme active site in a manner similar to Nabumetone, thus confirming that a productive metabolic transformation is feasible. On the basis of these findings, it is possible to argue that subtle differences in the way CYP1A2 accommodates the ligands depend on the fine details of their molecular structures. Overall, these data suggest that compounds simply formed by an aromatic moiety bearing an appropriate alkane-derived chain could lead to innovative anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonietta Occhiuzzi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (M.A.O.); (G.I.); (M.D.L.); (D.S.); (R.L.); (M.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Giuseppina Ioele
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (M.A.O.); (G.I.); (M.D.L.); (D.S.); (R.L.); (M.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Michele De Luca
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (M.A.O.); (G.I.); (M.D.L.); (D.S.); (R.L.); (M.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Bruno Rizzuti
- CNR-NANOTEC, SS Rende (CS), Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Unit GBsC-CSIC-BIFI, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Domenica Scordamaglia
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (M.A.O.); (G.I.); (M.D.L.); (D.S.); (R.L.); (M.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Rosamaria Lappano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (M.A.O.); (G.I.); (M.D.L.); (D.S.); (R.L.); (M.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Marcello Maggiolini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (M.A.O.); (G.I.); (M.D.L.); (D.S.); (R.L.); (M.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Antonio Garofalo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (M.A.O.); (G.I.); (M.D.L.); (D.S.); (R.L.); (M.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Fedora Grande
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (M.A.O.); (G.I.); (M.D.L.); (D.S.); (R.L.); (M.M.); (A.G.)
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Malwe AS, Sharma VK. Application of artificial intelligence approaches to predict the metabolism of xenobiotic molecules by human gut microbiome. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1254073. [PMID: 38116528 PMCID: PMC10728657 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1254073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A highly complex, diverse, and dense community of more than 1,000 different gut bacterial species constitutes the human gut microbiome that harbours vast metabolic capabilities encoded by more than 300,000 bacterial enzymes to metabolise complex polysaccharides, orally administered drugs/xenobiotics, nutraceuticals, or prebiotics. One of the implications of gut microbiome mediated biotransformation is the metabolism of xenobiotics such as medicinal drugs, which lead to alteration in their pharmacological properties, loss of drug efficacy, bioavailability, may generate toxic byproducts and sometimes also help in conversion of a prodrug into its active metabolite. Given the diversity of gut microbiome and the complex interplay of the metabolic enzymes and their diverse substrates, the traditional experimental methods have limited ability to identify the gut bacterial species involved in such biotransformation, and to study the bacterial species-metabolite interactions in gut. In this scenario, computational approaches such as machine learning-based tools presents unprecedented opportunities and ability to predict the gut bacteria and enzymes that can potentially metabolise a candidate drug. Here, we have reviewed the need to identify the gut microbiome-based metabolism of xenobiotics and have provided comprehensive information on the available methods, tools, and databases to address it along with their scope and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vineet K. Sharma
- MetaBioSys Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India
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3
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Isin EM. Unusual Biotransformation Reactions of Drugs and Drug Candidates. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:413-426. [PMID: 36653118 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Detailed assessment of the fate of drugs in nonclinical test species and humans is essential to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines in patients. In this context, biotransformation of drugs and drug candidates has been an area of keen interest over many decades in the pharmaceutical industry as well as academia. Although many of the enzymes and biotransformation pathways involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics and more specifically drugs have been well characterized, each drug molecule is unique and constitutes specific challenges for the biotransformation scientist. In this mini-review written for the special issue on the occasion of the 50th Anniversary celebration of Drug Metabolism and Disposition and to celebrate contributions of F. Peter Guengerich, one of the pioneers of the drug metabolism field, recently reported "unusual" biotransformation reactions are presented. Scientific and technological advances in the "toolbox" of the biotransformation scientists are summarized. As the pharmaceutical industry continues to explore therapeutic modalities different from the traditional small molecule drugs, the new challenges confronting the biotransformation scientist as well as future opportunities are discussed. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: For the biotransformation scientists, it is essential to share and be aware of unexpected biotransformation reactions so that they can increase their confidence in predicting metabolites of drugs in humans to ensure the safety and efficacy of these metabolites before the medicines reach large numbers of patients. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent observations of "unusual" metabolites so that the scientists working in the area of drug metabolism can strengthen their readiness in expecting the unexpected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre M Isin
- Translational Medicine, Servier, 25/27 Rue Eugène Vignat, 45000, Orléans, France
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4
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Meanwell NA. The pyridazine heterocycle in molecular recognition and drug discovery. Med Chem Res 2023; 32:1-69. [PMID: 37362319 PMCID: PMC10015555 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-023-03035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The pyridazine ring is endowed with unique physicochemical properties, characterized by weak basicity, a high dipole moment that subtends π-π stacking interactions and robust, dual hydrogen-bonding capacity that can be of importance in drug-target interactions. These properties contribute to unique applications in molecular recognition while the inherent polarity, low cytochrome P450 inhibitory effects and potential to reduce interaction of a molecule with the cardiac hERG potassium channel add additional value in drug discovery and development. The recent approvals of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist relugolix (24) and the allosteric tyrosine kinase 2 inhibitor deucravacitinib (25) represent the first examples of FDA-approved drugs that incorporate a pyridazine ring. In this review, the properties of the pyridazine ring are summarized in comparison to the other azines and its potential in drug discovery is illustrated through vignettes that explore applications that take advantage of the inherent physicochemical properties as an approach to solving challenges associated with candidate optimization. Graphical Abstract
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5
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Malwe AS, Srivastava GN, Sharma VK. GutBug: A Tool for Prediction of Human Gut Bacteria Mediated Biotransformation of Biotic and Xenobiotic Molecules Using Machine Learning. J Mol Biol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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6
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Widjaja F, Alhejji Y, Yangchen J, Wesseling S, Rietjens IMCM. Physiologically-Based Kinetic Modeling Predicts Similar In Vivo Relative Potency of Senecionine N-Oxide for Rat and Human at Realistic Low Exposure Levels. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200293. [PMID: 36478522 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE This study aims to determine if previously developed physiologically-based kinetic (PBK) model in rat can be modified for senecionine (SEN) and its N-oxide (SENO), and be used to investigate potential species differences between rat and human in relative potency (REP) of the N-oxide relative to the parent pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA). METHODS AND RESULTS In vitro derived kinetic parameters including the apparent maximum velocities (Vmax ) and Michaelis-Menten constants (Km ) for SENO reduction and SEN clearance are used to define the PBK models. The rat model is validated with published animal data, and the toxicokinetic profiles of SEN from either orally-administered SENO or SEN are simulated. REP values of SENO relative to SEN amount to 0.84 and 0.89 in rat and human, respectively. CONCLUSION The REP value can be dose- and species-dependent, with the values for rat and human being comparable at low realistic exposure scenarios. In summary, PBK modeling serves as a valuable New Approach Methodology (NAM) tool for predicting REP values of PA-N-oxides and may actually result in more accurate REP values for human risk assessment than what would be defined using in vivo animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Widjaja
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, PO Box 8000, Wageningen, 6700 EA, The Netherlands
| | - Yasser Alhejji
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, PO Box 8000, Wageningen, 6700 EA, The Netherlands.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamyang Yangchen
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, PO Box 8000, Wageningen, 6700 EA, The Netherlands.,Bhutan Agriculture and Food Regulatory Authority, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, Thimphu, 11002, Bhutan
| | - Sebastiaan Wesseling
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, PO Box 8000, Wageningen, 6700 EA, The Netherlands
| | - Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, PO Box 8000, Wageningen, 6700 EA, The Netherlands
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7
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Xia Y, Tian Y, Zhou D, Zhang L, Cai Y, Fu S, Zhang X, Gao Y, Chen Q, Gao P. Gut microbiota involved in spermatogenic function of Sancai Lianmei granules in obese mice. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:83-97. [PMID: 36125532 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02296-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a well-established cause of reduced fertility and semen quality in men. Current evidence suggests that Sancai Lianmei granules (SCLM) effectively improve sexual function and semen quality in diabetic patients, while the gut microbiota can influence disease metabolism through various mechanisms. However, the effect of SCLM on the obesity-induced decrease in semen quality and on the gut microbiota is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of SCLM on spermatogenic function and gut microbiota in obese mice. Obese mice were induced by a high-fat diet, and lipid metabolism, spermatogenic function, inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, and autophagy were analyzed to determine the effects of SCLM and SCLM-fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). In addition, changes in the gut microbiota of mice were analyzed. SCLM and SCLM + FMT could effectively reduce the levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL); decrease the expression of oxidative stress products malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxyde-oxyguanosine (8-OHdG); and increase sperm density and sperm viability in obese mice while inhibiting the inflammatory responses and excessive cellular autophagy, indicating that SCLM and SCLM + FMT exerted a protective effect on spermatogenic functions. Furthermore, SCLM affected the gut microbiota composition in mice. This study determined that obesity can lead to reduced sperm motility and affect the composition of the gut microbiota, while SCLM can regulate blood lipids in mice directly or indirectly by regulating gut microbiota changes, and may improve sperm motility in obese mice by reducing oxidative stress and autophagy. In addition, FMT enhanced this effect, which may be related to the diversity of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguo Xia
- Department of Urology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Urology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongqi Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Taikang Southwest Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yichen Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shunlian Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiaoran Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qiu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Ping Gao
- Department of Urology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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8
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Kyoung J, Atluri RR, Yang T. Resistance to Antihypertensive Drugs: Is Gut Microbiota the Missing Link? Hypertension 2022; 79:2138-2147. [PMID: 35862173 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Microbiota colonization begins at birth and continuously reshapes throughout the course of our lives, resulting in tremendous interindividual heterogeneity. Given that the gut microbiome, similar to the liver, houses many categories of catalytic enzymes, there is significant value in understanding drug-bacteria interactions. The discovery of this link could enhance the therapeutic value of drugs that would otherwise have a limited or perhaps detrimental effect on patients. Resistant hypertension is one such subset of the hypertensive population that poorly responds to antihypertensive medications, resulting in an increased risk for chronic cardiovascular illnesses and its debilitating effects that ultimately have a detrimental impact on patient quality of life. We recently demonstrated that the gut microbiota is involved in the metabolism of antihypertensive drugs and thus contributes to the pathophysiology of resistant hypertension. Due to a lack of knowledge of the mechanisms, novel therapeutic approaches that account for the gut microbiota may allow for better therapeutic outcomes in resistant hypertension. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to summarize our current, albeit limited, understanding of how the gut microbiota may possess particular enzymatic activities that influence the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kyoung
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, UT Microbiome Consortium, Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, OH
| | - Rohit R Atluri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, UT Microbiome Consortium, Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, OH
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, UT Microbiome Consortium, Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, OH
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9
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Pant A, Maiti TK, Mahajan D, Das B. Human Gut Microbiota and Drug Metabolism. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022:1-15. [PMID: 35869999 PMCID: PMC9308113 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02081-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of drugs widely varies in individuals, and the gut microbiota plays an important role in this variability. The commensal microbiota living in the human gut encodes several enzymes that chemically modify systemic and orally administered drugs, and such modifications can lead to activation, inactivation, toxification, altered stability, poor bioavailability, and rapid excretion. Our knowledge of the role of the human gut microbiome in therapeutic outcomes continues to evolve. Recent studies suggest the existence of complex interactions between microbial functions and therapeutic drugs across the human body. Therapeutic drugs or xenobiotics can influence the composition of the gut microbiome and the microbial encoded functions. Both these deviations can alter the chemical transformations of the drugs and hence treatment outcomes. In this review, we provide an overview of (i) the genetic ecology of microbially encoded functions linked with xenobiotic degradation; (ii) the effect of drugs on the composition and function of the gut microbiome; and (iii) the importance of the gut microbiota in drug metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Pant
- Molecular Genetics Lab, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, Delhi-110067, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad-121001, India
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, PO box, Gurgaon Expressway, #04 Faridabad-121001, Haryana, India
| | - Tushar K Maiti
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad-121001, India
| | - Dinesh Mahajan
- Chemistry and Pharmacology Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Bhabatosh Das
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, PO box, Gurgaon Expressway, #04 Faridabad-121001, Haryana, India.
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10
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Kostantini C, Arora S, Söderlind E, Ceulemans J, Reppas C, Vertzoni M. Usefulness of Optimized Human Fecal Material in Simulating the Bacterial Degradation of Sulindac and Sulfinpyrazone in the Lower Intestine. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:2542-2548. [PMID: 35729720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The first aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of optimized human fecal material in simulating sulforeductase activity in the lower intestine by assessing bacterial degradation of sulindac and sulfinpyrazone, two sulforeductase substrates. The second aim was to evaluate the usefulness of drug degradation half-life generated in simulated colonic bacteria (SCoB) in informing PBPK models. Degradation experiments of sulfinpyrazone and of sulindac in SCoB were performed under anaerobic conditions using recently described methods. For sulfinpyrazone, the abundance of clinical data allowed for construction of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model and evaluation of luminal degradation clearance determined from SCoB data. For sulindac, the availability of sulindac sulfide and sulindac sulfone standards allowed for evaluating the formation of the main metabolite, sulindac sulfide, during the experiments in SCoB. Both model compounds degraded substantially in SCoB. The PBPK model was able to adequately capture exposure of sulfinpyrazone and its sulfide metabolite in healthy subjects, in ileostomy and/or colectomy subjects, and in healthy subjects pretreated with metoclopramide by implementing degradation half-lives in SCoB to calculate intrinsic colon clearance. Degradation rates of sulindac and formation rates of sulindac sulfide in SCoB were almost identical, in line with in vivo data suggesting the sulindac sulfide is the primary metabolite in the lower intestine. Experiments in SCoB were useful in simulating sulforeductase related bacterial degradation activity in the lower intestine. Degradation half-life calculated from experiments in SCoB is proven useful for informing a predictive PBPK model for sulfinpyrazone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kostantini
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 84 Zografou, Greece
| | - Sumit Arora
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | | | | | - Christos Reppas
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 84 Zografou, Greece
| | - Maria Vertzoni
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 84 Zografou, Greece
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11
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Qian L, Ouyang H, Gordils-Valentin L, Hong J, Jayaraman A, Zhu X. Identification of Gut Bacterial Enzymes for Keto-Reductive Metabolism of Xenobiotics. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:1665-1671. [PMID: 35687750 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human gastrointestinal microbiota are known for the keto-reductive metabolism of small-molecule pharmaceuticals; however, the responsible enzymes remain poorly understood. Through in vitro biochemical assays, we report the identification of enzymes encoded in the genome of Clostridium bolteae that can reduce the ketone groups of nabumetone, hydrocortisone, and tacrolimus. The homologues to a newly identified enzyme (i.e., DesE) are potentially widely distributed in the gut microbiome. The selected enzymes display different levels of activities against additional chemicals such as two dietary compounds (i.e., raspberry ketone and zingerone), chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin, and its aglycone metabolite doxorubicinone. Thus, our results expand the repertoire of enzymes that can reduce the ketone groups in small molecules and could serve as the basis for future personalized medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyu Qian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Huanrong Ouyang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Lois Gordils-Valentin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Joshua Hong
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Xuejun Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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12
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Liu Z, Parida S, Wu S, Sears CL, Sharma D, Barman I. Label-Free Vibrational and Quantitative Phase Microscopy Reveals Remarkable Pathogen-Induced Morphomolecular Divergence in Tumor-Derived Cells. ACS Sens 2022; 7:1495-1505. [PMID: 35583030 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Delineating the molecular and morphological changes that cancer cells undergo in response to extracellular stimuli is crucial for identifying factors that promote tumor progression. Label-free optical imaging offers a potentially promising route for retrieving such single-cell information by generating detailed visualization of the morphology and determining alterations in biomolecular composition. The potential of such nonperturbative morphomolecular microscopy for analyzing microbiota-cancer cell interactions has been surprisingly underappreciated, despite the growing evidence of the critical role of dysbiosis in malignant transformations. Here, using a model system of breast cancer cells, we show that label-free Raman microspectroscopy and quantitative phase microscopy can detect biomolecular and morphological changes in single cells exposed to Bacteroides fragilis toxin (BFT), a toxin secreted by enterotoxigenicB. fragilis. Remarkably, using machine learning to elucidate subtle, but consistent, cellular differences, we found that the morphomolecular differences between BFT-exposed and control breast cancer cells became more accentuated after in vivo passage, corroborating our findings that a short-term BFT exposure imparts a long-term effect on cancer cells and promotes a more invasive phenotype. Complementing more classical labeling techniques, our label-free platform offers a global detection approach with measurements representative of the overall cellular phenotype, paving the way for further investigations into the multifaceted interactions between the cancer cell and the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Sheetal Parida
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Shaoguang Wu
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Cynthia L. Sears
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Dipali Sharma
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Ishan Barman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
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13
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Essa BM, Selim AA, Sayed GH, Anwer KE. Conventional and microwave-assisted synthesis, anticancer evaluation, 99mTc-coupling and In-vivo study of some novel pyrazolone derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2022; 125:105846. [PMID: 35512493 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
New pyrazolone derivatives were successfully synthesized by both microwave-assisted and conventional techniques. Compound 3 (3-(3-Methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3-oxopropanehydrazide) displayed remarkable anti-cancer activity (IC50 obtained at 8.71 and 10.63 µM for HCT-116 and MCF-7, respectively. Moreover, biodistribution study using radiolabeling approach revealed a remarked uptake of [99mTc]Tc-compound 3 complex into tumour induced in mice. The biodistribution showed high accumulation in tumour tissues with T/NT of 6.92 after 60 min post injection. As a result of these promising data, the newly synthesized compounds especially compound 3 affords a potential radio-carrier that could be used as a tumour marker and can be used for cancer therapy after further preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma M Essa
- Radioactive Isotopes and Generators Department, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, 13759 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Adli A Selim
- Labelled Compounds Department, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, 13759 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Galal H Sayed
- Heterocyclic Synthesis Lab., Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kurls E Anwer
- Heterocyclic Synthesis Lab., Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566 Cairo, Egypt
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14
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Lawson HC, Musser ML, Regan R, Moore AS, Hohenhaus A, Flesner B, Johannes CM. Toxicity, outcome, and management of anthracycline overdoses in 16 dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 36:234-243. [PMID: 34825413 PMCID: PMC8783333 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite multiple reports of chemotherapy overdoses (ODs) in human and veterinary medicine, anthracycline ODs have been described infrequently. Hypothesis/Objectives Describe toxicities, treatments, and overall outcome after anthracycline OD in dogs. Animals Twelve mitoxantrone (MTX) and 4 doxorubicin (DOX) ODs were evaluated. Methods Multicenter retrospective analysis. The American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine oncology and internal medicine listservs were solicited for cases in which a chemotherapy OD occurred. Results Sixteen anthracycline cases were collected. Anthracycline ODs occurred because of an error in chemotherapy preparation (n = 9), or dose miscalculation (n = 7). The overall median OD was 1.9× (range, 1.4‐10×) the prescribed amount. Most ODs were identified immediately after drug administration (n = 11), and the majority of patients were hospitalized on supportive care (n = 11) for an average of 8 days (range, 3‐34 days). Adverse events after the OD included neutropenia (94%), thrombocytopenia (88%), anemia (63%), diarrhea (63%), anorexia (56%), vomiting (38%), lethargy (31%), and nausea (25%). Two patients did not survive the OD. High grade neutropenia was common and did not appear to be mitigated by the administration of filgrastim. Conclusions and Clinical Importance All patients received supportive care after identifying the OD and death was uncommon. Further evaluation is needed to determine ideal therapeutic guidelines anthracycline OD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haylie C Lawson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Margaret L Musser
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Antony S Moore
- Veterinary Oncology Consultants, Lake Innes, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Brian Flesner
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Chad M Johannes
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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15
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Uttekar PS, Yadav VD, Bhagwat DA. 1, 2-Dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamin (DPPE), doxorubicin and folic acid conjugated micelles for cancer management in tumor bearing BALB/c mice. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 50:128337. [PMID: 34438013 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aim of the present investigation was to assess and compare the in-vitro and in-vivo cancer targeting propensity of DPPE-FA-DOX Micelles and free DOX in tumor bearing BALB/c mice. The DOX was conjugated with 1, 2-Dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamin (DPPE) and folic acid using Di-cyclohexyl-carbodiimide, confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and proton NMR. DPPE-FA-DOX micelles were prepared using thin film method and evaluated for zeta potential, particle size, surface morphology, in- vitro drug release study etc. In-vitro anticancer activity and apoptosis assay was evaluated in breast cancer (MCF-7) cells using MTT assay and flow cytometer respectively. In-vivo biodistribution and toxicity assessment were evaluated in rats whereas antitumor activity in tumor bearing BALB/c mice. Prepared micelles were spherical with size and zeta potential of 295.6 + 84.4 nm and 0.8 ± 0.24 mV respectively. Apoptosis assay for DPPE-FA-DOX micelles treated cells using Annexin V/PI staining demonstrated 56.2% apoptotic cells. Remarkably, DPPE-FA-DOX micelles improved DOX bioavailability by 7 fold and diminished plasma elimination with no sign of tissue toxicity compared to free DOX. In-vivo biodistribution studies revealed that micelles facilitated higher accumulation of DOX in tumor than free DOX. DPPE-FA-DOX micelles treated mice survived for 62 days than Free DOX (40 days), revealed by Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis. Histopathological examination of liver, kidney and heart tissues of micelles treated rat's corroborated reduced systemic toxicity than free DOX. Conclusively, DPPE-FA-DOX micelles could potentially facilitate the targeted delivery of DOX to tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin S Uttekar
- KJEI, Trinity College of Pharmacy, Pune 411048, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Vishal D Yadav
- Arvind Gavali College of Pharmacy Jaitapur 415004, Maharashtra, India
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16
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Mdlovu NV, Lin KS, Weng MT, Hsieh CC, Lin YS, Carrera Espinoza MJ. In vitro intracellular studies of pH and thermo-triggered doxorubicin conjugated magnetic SBA-15 mesoporous nanocarriers for anticancer activity against hepatocellular carcinoma. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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Khojasteh SC, Argikar UA, Driscoll JP, Heck CJS, King L, Jackson KD, Jian W, Kalgutkar AS, Miller GP, Kramlinger V, Rietjens IMCM, Teitelbaum AM, Wang K, Wei C. Novel advances in biotransformation and bioactivation research - 2020 year in review. Drug Metab Rev 2021; 53:384-433. [PMID: 33910427 PMCID: PMC8826528 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2021.1916028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This annual review is the sixth of its kind since 2016 (see references). Our objective is to explore and share articles which we deem influential and significant in the field of biotransformation and bioactivation. These fields are constantly evolving with new molecular structures and discoveries of corresponding pathways for metabolism that impact relevant drug development with respect to efficacy and safety. Based on the selected articles, we created three sections: (1) drug design, (2) metabolites and drug metabolizing enzymes, and (3) bioactivation and safety (Table 1). Unlike in years past, more biotransformation experts have joined and contributed to this effort while striving to maintain a balance of authors from academic and industry settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cyrus Khojasteh
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Upendra A Argikar
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James P Driscoll
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, MyoKardia, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carley J S Heck
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Lloyd King
- Department of DMPK, UCB Biopharma, Slough, UK
| | - Klarissa D Jackson
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wenying Jian
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Amit S Kalgutkar
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Grover P Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Valerie Kramlinger
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Aaron M Teitelbaum
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research & Development, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Cong Wei
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Biogen Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
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18
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Quantification and Metabolite Identification of Sulfasalazine in Mouse Brain and Plasma Using Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041179. [PMID: 33671835 PMCID: PMC7926890 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfasalazine (SAS), an anti-inflammatory drug with potent cysteine/glutamate antiporter system xc-(SXC) inhibition has recently shown beneficial effects in brain-related diseases. Despite many reports related to central nervous system (CNS) effect of SAS, pharmacokinetics (PK) and metabolite identification studies in the brain for SAS were quite limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and metabolite identification of SAS and their distributions in mouse brain. Using in vivo brain exposure studies (neuro PK), the PK parameters of SAS was calculated for plasma as well as brain following intravenous and oral administration at 10 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg in mouse, respectively. In addition, in vivo metabolite identification (MetID) studies of SAS in plasma and brain were also conducted. The concentration of SAS in brain was much lower than that in plasma and only 1.26% of SAS was detected in mouse brain when compared to the SAS concentration in plasma (brain to plasma ratio (%): 1.26). In the MetID study, sulfapyridine (SP), hydroxy-sulfapyridine (SP-OH), and N-acetyl sulfapyridine (Ac-SP) were identified in plasma, whereas only SP and Ac-SP were identified as significant metabolites in brain. As a conclusion, our results suggest that the metabolites of SAS such as SP and Ac-SP might be responsible for the pharmacological effect in brain, not the SAS itself.
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