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Steele EP, Laidre ME. Wild social behavior differs following experimental loss of vision in social hermit crabs. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 2023; 110:20. [PMID: 37199869 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-023-01847-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Even for animals with multiple senses at their disposal, there may be a strong reliance on a single sense, like vision, for social behavior. Experimentally blocking or eliminating vision offers a powerful means of testing impacts on social behavior, though few studies have followed experimentally blinded individuals in the wild to test potential changes in social behavior in natural settings. Here we conducted experiments with social hermit crabs (Coenobita compressus), applying opaque material overtop their eyes to temporarily blind individuals. We then released these experimentally blinded individuals and non-blinded control individuals into the wild as well as into captive social settings. Compared to control individuals, experimentally blinded individuals initiated significantly fewer social contacts with conspecifics in the wild. These experimentally blinded individuals were not, however, differentially targeted by conspecifics. Interestingly, unlike the wild experiments, the captive experiments showed no differences in social behavior between experimentally blinded and non-blinded control individuals, suggesting that experiments in natural settings in the wild may be essential to fully unraveling impacts of blindness on social behavior. Broadly, for social animals that are highly reliant on the visual modality, social behavior may change dramatically if they lose their vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott P Steele
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, 78 College Street, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Evolution, Environment, and Society, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
| | - Mark E Laidre
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, 78 College Street, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Evolution, Environment, and Society, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
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Miranda-Negrón Y, García-Arrarás JE. Radial glia and radial glia-like cells: Their role in neurogenesis and regeneration. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1006037. [PMID: 36466166 PMCID: PMC9708897 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1006037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Radial glia is a cell type traditionally associated with the developing nervous system, particularly with the formation of cortical layers in the mammalian brain. Nonetheless, some of these cells, or closely related types, called radial glia-like cells are found in adult central nervous system structures, functioning as neurogenic progenitors in normal homeostatic maintenance and in response to injury. The heterogeneity of radial glia-like cells is nowadays being probed with molecular tools, primarily by the expression of specific genes that define cell types. Similar markers have identified radial glia-like cells in the nervous system of non-vertebrate organisms. In this review, we focus on adult radial glia-like cells in neurogenic processes during homeostasis and in response to injury. We highlight our results using a non-vertebrate model system, the echinoderm Holothuria glaberrima where we have described a radial glia-like cell that plays a prominent role in the regeneration of the holothurian central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José E. García-Arrarás
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Austin CM, Croft LJ, Grandjean F, Gan HM. The NGS Magic Pudding: A Nanopore-Led Long-Read Genome Assembly for the Commercial Australian Freshwater Crayfish, Cherax destructor. Front Genet 2022; 12:695763. [PMID: 35126445 PMCID: PMC8807398 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.695763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cherax destructor, the yabby, is an iconic Australian freshwater crayfish species, which, similar to other major invertebrate groups, is grossly under-represented in genomic databases. The yabby is also the principal commercial freshwater crustacean species in Australia subject to explotation via inland fisheries and aquaculture. To address the genomics knowledge gap for this species and explore cost effective and efficient methods for genome assembly, we generated 106.8 gb of Nanopore reads and performed a long-read only assembly of the Cherax destructor genome. On a mini-server configured with an ultra-fast swap space, the de novo assembly took 131 h (∼5.5 days). Genome polishing with 126.3 gb of PCR-Free Illumina reads generated an assembled genome size of 3.3 gb (74.6% BUSCO completeness) with a contig N50 of 80,900 bp, making it the most contiguous for freshwater crayfish genome assemblies. We found an unusually large number of cellulase genes within the yabby genome which is relevant to understanding the nutritional biology, commercial feed development, and ecological role of this species and crayfish more generally. These resources will be useful for genomic research on freshwater crayfish and our methods for rapid and super-efficient genome assembly will have wide application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Austin
- Deakin Genomics Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Laurence J. Croft
- Deakin Genomics Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Frederic Grandjean
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7267 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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Fatka O, Budil P, Zicha O. Exoskeletal and eye repair in Dalmanitina socialis (Trilobita): An example of blastemal regeneration in the Ordovician? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2021; 34:113-121. [PMID: 34243130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze anomalies of a biomineralized exoskeleton of a trilobite. MATERIALS A specimen of Dalmanitina socialis from the Upper Ordovician Letná Formation at Veselá near Beroun, Czechoslovakia, curated at the Czech Geological Survey in Prague. METHODS The internal mold and external mold and latex casts were coated with ammonium chloride sublimate and photographed. RESULTS A substantial reduction of the eye surface associated with changes in morphology and surface structure was noted. CONCLUSIONS The anomaly is believed to be the result of a healed injury after an unsuccessful predatory attack. Based on the presumed mechanism of injury, a 'large arthropod' is proposed to be the potential attacker. SIGNIFICANCE The low incidence of sublethal attack to cephala in collections of Cambrian to Carboniferous trilobites implies that most such attacks were fatal, rendering this specimen unique and capable of providing insight into healing processes. LIMITATIONS Post-mortem damage rendered analysis difficult. SUGGESTIONSFOR FURTHER RESEARCH Exploration of other cases of healed trauma in order to understand Ordovician ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oldřich Fatka
- Charles University, Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Albertov 6, 128 43, Praha 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Budil
- Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, 118 21, Prague 1, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondřej Zicha
- 'BioLib, z. s.', Jugoslávských partyzánů 34, Prague, 160 00, Czech Republic.
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Feleke M, Bennett S, Chen J, Chandler D, Hu X, Xu J. Biological insights into the rapid tissue regeneration of freshwater crayfish and crustaceans. Cell Biochem Funct 2021; 39:740-753. [PMID: 34165197 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The freshwater crayfish is capable of regenerating limbs, following autotomy, injury and predation. In arthropod species, regeneration and moulting are two processes linked and strongly regulated by ecdysone. The regeneration of crayfish limbs is divided into wound healing, blastema formation, cellular reprogramming and tissue patterning. Limb blastema cells undergo proliferation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation. A limb bud, containing folded segments of the regenerating limb, is encased within a cuticular sheath. The functional limb regenerates, in proecdysis, in two to three consecutive moults. Rapid tissue growth is regulated by hormones, limb nerves and local cells. The TGF-β/activin signalling pathway has been determined in the crayfish, P. fallax f. virginalis, and is suggested as a potential regulator of tissue regeneration. In this review article, we discuss current understanding of tissue regeneration in the crayfish and various crustaceans. A thorough understanding of the cellular, genetic and molecular pathways of these biological processes is promising for the development of therapeutic applications for a wide array of diseases in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesalie Feleke
- Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Samuel Bennett
- Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jiazhi Chen
- Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant, Guangdong Research Institute of Petrochemical and Fine Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - David Chandler
- Australian Genome Research Facility, Medical Research Foundation, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Xiaoyong Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant, Guangdong Research Institute of Petrochemical and Fine Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Double-Stranded RNA Binding Proteins in Serum Contribute to Systemic RNAi Across Phyla-Towards Finding the Missing Link in Achelata. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186967. [PMID: 32971953 PMCID: PMC7554946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) has become a widely utilized method for studying gene function, yet despite this many of the mechanisms surrounding RNAi remain elusive. The core RNAi machinery is relatively well understood, however many of the systemic mechanisms, particularly double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) transport, are not. Here, we demonstrate that dsRNA binding proteins in the serum contribute to systemic RNAi and may be the limiting factor in RNAi capacity for species such as spiny lobsters, where gene silencing is not functional. Incubating sera from a variety of species across phyla with dsRNA led to a gel mobility shift in species in which systemic RNAi has been observed, with this response being absent in species in which systemic RNAi has never been observed. Proteomic analysis suggested lipoproteins may be responsible for this phenomenon and may transport dsRNA to spread the RNAi signal systemically. Following this, we identified the same gel shift in the slipper lobster Thenus australiensis and subsequently silenced the insulin androgenic gland hormone, marking the first time RNAi has been performed in any lobster species. These results pave the way for inducing RNAi in spiny lobsters and for a better understanding of the mechanisms of systemic RNAi in Crustacea, as well as across phyla.
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Cai L, Zheng J, Jia Y, Gu Z, Liu S, Chi M, Cheng S. Molecular Characterization and Expression Profiling of Three Transformer-2 Splice Isoforms in the Redclaw Crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus. Front Physiol 2020; 11:631. [PMID: 32733260 PMCID: PMC7363937 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex determination/sex differentiation is determined by genetics, environmental factors, or the interactions of the two. The Transformer-2 (Tra-2) gene plays an important role in the sex determination cascade signal pathway in insects. In this study, the Tra-2 gene was isolated and characterized from the cDNA library of gonad tissues in the redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus. Three splice variants were identified, designated as CqTra-2A, CqTra-2B, and CqTra-2C, and sequence analysis showed that they had a highly conserved RRM domain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed by the NJ method, and the results revealed that the Tra-2 protein of the redclaw crayfish was very closely related to those of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Fenneropenaeus chinensis, and Macrobrachium nipponense. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the three isoforms were predominantly expressed in the ovary and gradually increased with embryonic development. Additionally, the expression pattern of CqTra-2 at different developmental stages was analyzed by qPCR and revealed that the phase of having a body length of 3 cm may be the key period for the sex differentiation of C. quadricarinatus. RNAi-targeting gene silencing further confirmed the function of CqTra-2 in sexual differentiation in redclaw crayfish. Our experimental data will contribute to understanding the mechanism of sex determination in crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Cai
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, China
| | - Yongyi Jia
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, China
| | - Shili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, China
| | - Meili Chi
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, China
| | - Shun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, China
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Tan MH, Gan HM, Lee YP, Grandjean F, Croft LJ, Austin CM. A Giant Genome for a Giant Crayfish ( Cherax quadricarinatus) With Insights Into cox1 Pseudogenes in Decapod Genomes. Front Genet 2020; 11:201. [PMID: 32211032 PMCID: PMC7069360 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mun Hua Tan
- Centre of Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Deakin Genomics Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Han Ming Gan
- Centre of Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Deakin Genomics Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Yin Peng Lee
- Centre of Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Deakin Genomics Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Frederic Grandjean
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, UMR CNRS 7267 Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose, Poitiers, France
| | - Laurence J. Croft
- Centre of Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Deakin Genomics Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher M. Austin
- Centre of Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Deakin Genomics Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
- Genomics Facility, Tropical Medicine and Biology Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
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